sentence structure 句型 结构

1.2 Basic clause types 1) SVC(主-动-补也叫主系表): 谓语动词是系动词(linking verb)或半系动词 The car is mine. She looks happy. 2) SV(主-动): 谓语动词是intransitive verb Everybody laughed. 3) SVO(主-动-宾): 谓语动词是transitive verb I can answer the question. 4) SVOO(主-动-宾-宾): 及物动词后面有两个宾语(直宾和间 宾)Mary lent me her car. 5) SVOC(主-动-宾-补) They elected him monitor. 6) SVA(主-动-状) I live in Beijing. 7) SVOA(主-动-宾-状) I like English very much. More examples are on your textbooks. (page 17 to 18)
Introduction— GrammaticalHierarchy
导论—语法层次
0.5
Sentence simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences
①A simple sentence is a sentence that comprises only one independent clause.(一个主谓结构) eg: The boy can stay in the room only for a few minutes. (A simple sentence can be divided into four types. What are they? )

状 语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。 它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等， 一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词 或短语来充当。 状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如： He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.
表语
表语：说明主语是说明或怎么样， 由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、 介词短语、句子等充当。它的位置在系 动词后面。
You look younger than before. My father is a teacher. Everyone is here.
They are at the theatre.
Exercise
Please find the subject in the following sentences 1. She is our English teacher. 2.This white mobile phone is hers. 3.It is so cold today. 4.There is an red apple on the desk. 5.The boy talking with the women is my younger brother. 6. The girl in red dress is beautiful .
My job is to teach them English. Her job is training the nurses.

1. Basic clause types
SVC SV SVO SVOO SVOC SVA SVOA S = subject V = predicate verb O = object C = complement A = adverbial
Sentence analysis
1. Chatting on the internet is interesting. 2. Internet dating will hurt.
SVA
in front of him.
adverbial
the evidence
object
He treated her
adverbial
badly.
SVOA
object
adverbial
Exercise: Identify the clause types
1. She came．
2. She is happy．
1. Subject and predicate
The Subject: • the topic or theme of the clause; • what the clause is about; • known information; • generally a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun phrase. The Predicate: • something about the subject; • new information; • generally a verb phrase with or without complementation（补足成分）.
The sentence is the highest rank of grammatical unit which can stand by itself and perform a communicative function. A sentence can be long or short, simple or complex, and can consist of only one clause or more than one clause. Owing to the fact that sentences differ greatly in structure, what is described here as “sentence structure” is only concerned with the simple sentence, or rather with the clause.

Are you applying for graduate school or will you look for a job?
2. Energy needs are not going to decrease. Energy needs are not going to increase.
Energy needs are not going to decrease, nor are they going to increase.
Simple compound
1 independent clause: single subject – verb
combination ≥2 independent clauses
Can you write such sentences?
Complex
≥1 independent clause(s) + ≥1 dependent clause(s)
Practice
Use logical subordinating words to combine the following pairs of simple sentences into complex sentences.
Review
Sentence structure
Tms
• To be familiar with the types of sentences;
• To be familiar with the basic structure of a sentence.
He bought her a rose./He bought a rose for her. She made him heart-broken./She broke his heart.