建筑电气原文以及翻译
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Buildings ElectricalAbstract : School Official Cites Use Electrical construction technology, construction technology with the development of electrical technology development and the same time. In particular, with the development of information technology, such as computer technology, control technology, digital technology, display technology Internet technology and modern communication technology, electrical technology to achieve a leap forward in building the development. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, and conduct extensive international technical exchanges, many international advanced new products.Keywords : electrical technology ；buildings；developElectrical construction including two strong design elements include : a part of the transformation and distribution system. power and lighting systems, mine grounding system. In general, building key changes include : high-voltage and low-voltage distribution systems systems, transformers, standby power system. power systems including power distribution and control; indoor and outdoor lighting system include all types of lighting; Lightning Protection System, including mine waves penetrated, lightning sensors, grounded, equipotential bonding and local equipotential bonding. Auxiliary equipotential bonding and so on. In such a short span of 20 years, the system has undergone enormous changes in technology and products. Many of the design concept has also undergone tremendous changes. Swichgear such as high pressure system, the first circuit breaker to the oil circuit breakers. After the progressive development of the oil circuit breakers, is not only large in size, but did not fire. Swichgear are larger allocation, we must also set up independently in their own rooms, occupied a lot of the construction area. Now a vacuum circuit breaker and SF6 circuit breakers, is not only small size but also high-capacity short-circuit. enclosure size is a lot smaller than the original cabinets, circuit breakers without any oil, fire performance greatly improved. with a total of home and other low-voltage equipment in a room, saving both space and convenience of management. The large volume oflow-voltage circuit breaker from the past, the development of small to largeshort-circuit current capacity, the ability to continue to score small in size, stable, which makes the system more secure and reliable, and designed to bring the convenience. Intelligent directiontoward another recent low voltage circuit breaker, breaker various parameters can be controlled through the bus industry, Signals transmitted to the computer directly.The emergence of dry-type transformers, electrical design for the building posed a great convenience, Because there is no possibility of transformer oil spills and fires, so that it can be easily installed in the building itself, even go directly to the load center. It also eliminated restrictions on capacity building in the transformer oil, building greater capacity for dry-type transformers can be used. In the designs of the project, on the application of four Taiwan 2500kV A dry-type transformers.Used emergency power generators, from the performance and size perspective, a lot of progress than in the past. In addition to the use of diesel generators works, as emergency lighting, use EPS. allow for a millisecond interruption in the supply of equipment, can use UPS.Power equipment controlled from a single control to the control relay. Apart from the better performance of various components that are smaller in size and so reduce the volume control box, As a result of the digital technology is more controlled and controlled state control equipment at its best. further the energy saving effect.Lighting Project is a single source from the past, light lamps and the low efficiency of state toward even broader prospects. The light source used in the building are a number of varieties to choose from, toward a luminous efficiency of light, light color, develop in the direction of high color-rendering index, and lamps have been continuously improved its efficiency and allocation-form so that the application of different occasions. Source annex, for example, the fluorescent lamp ballasts Inductance ballasts from the ordinary inductance ballasts to energy-saving electronic ballasts. but also against the size of the harmonic components, to produce low harmonic electronic ballasts. Many technologies, accessories and lamps, can satisfy the design and design options, and fully meet the varied architecture, Lighting requirements for the various sites. Regardless of the lighting or indoor decorative lighting. Whether or road lighting and outdoor courtyard of the building of light illumination, all of the show lighting technology to the development of the architectural lighting benefits and convenience.Another design used in electrical devices and other equipment, such asco-switching power supply switch of mutual investment. from the traditional production of specialized products, inaddition to the conventional power switching meet, also a dual power supply can meet each other electronic equipment investment, in the fourth cycle power within mutual investment products, greatly increasing the reliability and continuity of supply.Electric power supply cables and wires is widely used products. Look past the wire and cable samples, the species is scarce, and now, introducing various cable, From ordinary to theflame-retardant PVC cables, fire resistance, Low-smoke halogen-free cable-radiation environment; Insulation materials to the mineral insulated from the ordinary; Bus Bus closed to regular insulation, pre-cable, etc. branches. Electrical construction of these technologies are safe, reliable, convenient, providing an effective environmental protection.Targeting special needs of the construction of distribution, some new device has been widely applied. For example, large hospital operating room medical establishments leakage protection, residual current monitoring system.The development of the technology for strong, and it is obvious to the engineering and technical personnel, as well as our own experience. Such a great development for China's construction of electrical construction and laying a good foundation also created the conditions for the construction of safe use of electricity.Along with the deepening of building intelligent technology applications, some of the equipment or system control, The control system has gradually become a professional monitor, and open its construction equipment monitoring and control system communication protocol. reach of the Internet and communications systems. Buildings such as the automatic power control system, using fieldbus technology data acquisition and processing, centralized control Variable distribution system to reach the remote monitoring, remote control that remote control and remote, unmanned substation achieve. Continuous collection and analysis systems, the necessary advice or warning is given in advance to facilitate the safe operationof the system. Automatic power control system using computer technology, information technology, control technology, sensor technology, communications networking technology, Power electronics technologies, it can basically replace the traditional secondary loop is the wiring simple, reliable performance and easy maintenance. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of buildings in the second major energy-efficient lighting controlsystem will also be paying. professional lighting control systems have been widely used in many buildings. Lighting control from a single real-time sensors to control the timing control,reduced-control development. In addition, scene control, remote control, and control a variety of flexible control of the scene, to achieve the maximum energy, while also achieving a comfortable lighting systems, functional and humane.For example, the late 1980s "compiled by the architectural design of fire safety regulations," GBJl6-87; 1990s, the "civil Lighting Design Standards" GBJl33-90; JGJ/16-92; "civil Electrical Design Standards" "Lighting design standards of industrial enterprises" GB50034-92; "Architectural Design Standards" GB50045-95; "Supply and Distribution System Design Standards" GB50052-95; "l0kV substation design and below"GB50053-94; "Low V oltage Distribution Design Standards" GB50054-95; "Universal design of electricity distribution equipment," GB50055-93; GB50057-94 "Building mine design," and so on. To be followed by the construction of electrical design basis for the construction of electrical taken a solid step toward standardization.Intelligent technology is only a means of building is equipped with intelligent functions, stressing efficiency, low energy consumption. Cleaner, in the true realization of people-centered, under the premise of achieving energy conservation, enhance building's function, protection of the environment and sustainable development goals. Building the implementation of sustainable development from a strategic perspective, ecosystem, emphasis on environmental protection. Sustainable development is an eternal theme. Through years of practice, in a rational and pragmatic attitude, from the actual needs, and practical application of the standards, not blindly follow theone-sided pursuit of a comprehensive and advanced intelligent systems, but technically ahead. The design also done a reasonable investment, the use of different functions. investment and management requirements of the specific situation, identify advanced, reliability, Economic rationality and the optimal point of this concept now has become the intelligent building industry consensus. Building Intelligent technology, which will enable the construction of all colleges and universities have opened up this technology corresponding professional courses and the development of relevant professional students.Intelligent Building Technology include : construction equipmentautomatic control system, security system, the car park management system, automatic fire alarm and fire system that communications and computer network systems, integrated wiring system, broadcasting system, cable systems, video conferencing systems and the number of meetings, more than 10sub-system integration. The first independent from the domestic building intelligent technology to the development of systems integration subsystem.(1) Construction equipment monitoring technology20th century mainly concentrated monitoring of the 1980s, due to poor reliability, speed slow After the 1990s has been rarely used, and have been replaced by the Distributed Control. In the late 1990s, as computer technology, control technology, network and communications technology development and integration, Monitoring construction equipment technology has been developing rapidly。
