九大词性
1. noun(n.) 名词：to describe a person or thing
②可数名词不规则变化
A、单复数同形：deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep
B、词尾发生变化：ox-oxen child-children
C、内部单词发生变化：foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese woman-women man-men
mouse-mice policeman-policemen
D、表示某国人时,中日不变,英法变,其他国家加s：
(1)Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
(2)Frenchman- Frenchmen Englishman- Englishmen
(3)German-Germans Russian-Russians Americans
③特殊情况
i. 另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。
如：people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissors
ii. 有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：news，maths，physics，politics
iii. 有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，如：
room(空间)—a room(房间) work(工作)—works(著作)
(2)不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰）
①到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：
A 液体类:water：juice,tea , soup ,milk,cola,coffee
B 肉类:meat，beef, pork, mutton
C 粉末类：bread
D 抽象名词类news,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework,
housework schoolwork ,help ,fun,health,price
E 食物类:food, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food ,tofu
②不可数名词计量的表达:
A个数单位词：piece （张、片、块、条）,如：a piece of news
B 容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）如：a bottle of milk
C 类别单位词：kind( 种、类)
D 度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤)
▲翻译下面的词组:
▽当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。
eg.an apple tree，five apple trees，a girl friend，two girl friends，a twin sister 但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。
eg.two men teachers，three women doctors
2. verb(v.) 动词
eg. do, make, go, take, bring
英语中动词根据其后是否可以加宾语又分为：
Vt. (及物动词）eg. speak, give, sing
Vi. (不及物动词）eg. run, work
英语中动词有5中形态：原形，第三人称单数形式，过去式，过去分词（用于完成时或被动语态中），现在分词
do does did done doing
work works worked worked working
II. 动词过去式和过去分词变化
⑴时态（找时间标志词）：
一般现在时：
结构：am / is / are play / plays
⏹判断：sometimes, often, usually, always, every,
在if / as soon as等复合句中,主将从现
1. If you________ hard, you will pass the exam.
A. studies
B. study
C. will study
D. is studying
现在进行时：
⏹结构：am / is /are playing
⏹判断：Look, Listen, now, Where’s sb？
⏹典型例题：
1. --Where ’s mom? I want to go shopping with her.
--She______ in the bedroom.
A. reads
B. read
C. is reading
D. has read
一般过去时：
⏹结构：was / were played
⏹判断：yesterday, last…, …ago及语境.
⏹典型例题：
1. --You look tired. What did you do yesterday?
--I ______ till night.
A. works
B. worked
一般将来时：
⏹结构：will play
⏹判断：tomorrow, next…及语境,
在if /as soon as等主从复合句中,主将从现 .
⏹典型例题：
1. She ________ me as soon as she gets there.
A. calls
B. call
C. called
D. will call
过去进行时：
⏹结构：was /were playing
⏹判断：at that time, at this time ,yesterday ,by+过去时间,
by the end of+过去时间常用于带有when/ while 的主从复合句中.
⏹典型例题：
1. Mom______ in the kitchen when I got home.
A. cooks
B. cook
C. was cooking
D. cooked
2. I________ my homework at this time yesterday .
A. did
B. do
C. will do
D. was doing
现在完成时（动作从过去持续到现在）：
⏹结构：has / have played
⏹判断：just, already, yet, ever, never, so far（到目前为止）
