初中英语句型转换题的类型及解题策略 知识精讲

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初中英语句型转换题的类型及解题策略 知识精讲

一、改成否定句

英语中有关否定的结构各不相同,除动词部分构成的否定外,还有名词、代词的否定、部分否定、否定转移以及一些表示否定意义的短语或句型等。

1. 含有连系动词、情态动词等助动词的句子改为否定句时,在连系动词、情态动词等后面加not。如:

He was late for school yesterday. (改为否定句)

He wasn’t late for school yesterday.

2. 祈使句变否定句一般在其前加don’t。如:

Open the window.(改为否定句)

Don’t open the window.

3. 实义动词的否定式是在实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t 或didn’t 。如:

He returned the book to the library this morning.(改为否定句)

He didn’t return the book to the library this morning.

注意:变否定句时需注意某些词语的变化,如some改为any,something改为anything,already改为yet,both改为neither,all改为none等。

二、将陈述句改为一般疑问句

要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态形式确定其疑问式,同时还要注意将原句中的some改为any,将something改为anything等。如:

Mr Wang said something about the accident at the meeting.(改为一般疑问句)

Did Mr Wang say anything about the accident at the meeting?

三、将陈述句改为反意疑问句

除遵循“陈述部分若为肯定式,疑问部分则用否定式和陈述部分若为否定式,疑问部分则用肯定式”的原则外,还要注意:当陈述部分含有little,few,no,nothing,never等否定意义的词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。另外,还要注意部分情态动词的特殊情况,如当陈述部分为must be,表示对现在情况的推测,表示“一定;肯定”,疑问部分的动词一般用be的相应否定形式,而不用mustn’t。如:

Tom likes reading, doesn’t he?

There weren’t any mice in the room, were there?

There is little water in the cup, is there?

They must be in the reading-room, aren’t they?

四、对画线部分提问

要注意对不同的部分提问要用不同的疑问词。

1. 对主语提问:指人用who;指物用what或which。如:

Mr Green teaches them English.(对画线部分提问)

Who teaches them English?

2. 对谓语提问:不管后面接宾语与否,疑问词都用what,并用do的适当形式代替谓语部分。如:

He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon.(对画线部分提问)

What was he doing at four yesterday afternoon? 3. 对宾语提问:指人的用who(whom);指物的用what或which。如:

He lives with his grandmother.(对画线部分提问)

Whom does he live with?

I have two books in my bag.(对画线部分提问)

What do you have in your bag?

4. 对表语提问:指人时一般用who,指时间时用when或what time,指职业时用what,指颜色时用what colour,指距离时用how far 等。如:

Those flowers are red.(对画线部分提问)

What colour are those flowers?

Urumchi is 3,790 kilometres away from Wuhan.(对画线部分提问)

How far is Urumchi away from Wuhan?

5. 对定语提问:问是谁的用whose,问哪个用which 或what,问数量用how many (much)。如:

The car near the river is mine.(对画线部分提问)

Which car is yours?

I borrowed nine books from the library.(对画线部分提问)

How many books did you borrow from the library?

6. 对状语(从句)提问:指时间的疑问词用when(what time),指地点用where,表示原因用why ,表示程度、方式用how,表示频度用how often,表示时间段用how long等。如:

Mrs Read didn’t sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise.(对画线部分提问)

Why didn’t Mrs Read sleep well last night?

Allan will go back to England by plane next month.(对画线部分提问)

How will Allan go back to England next month?

John went to see his grandmother once a week.(对画线部分提问)

How often did john go to see his grandmother?

He has worked in this school for five years.(对画线部分提问)

How long has he worked in this school?

Jim will return in two weeks.(对画线部分提问)

How soon will Jim return?

7. 对混合成分提问:同时对两个或两个以上部分提问时,可以用and 把几个疑问词连起来放在句首。如:

I met Jim in the park the day before yesterday.(对画线部分提问)

When and where did you meet Jim?

五、将陈述句改为感叹句

将陈述句变成感叹句可按以下步骤来进行:

第一步:在陈述句的谓语动词后将句子划断。如:

The boxes are /very heavy.

第二步:斜线后的形容词、副词的修饰语要去掉,如上句中去掉very。

第三步:若斜线后部分的中心词是形容词、副词,则在斜线后部分的前面加how;如果中心词是名词,就加what。

第四步:将陈述句句首的大写改成小写,将感叹句句首改成大写。

第五步:将陈述句句末的句号改成感叹号。于是上句应改为:How heavy the boxes are!又如:

They are happy to see each other.

How happy they are to see each other!

六、将主动语态改为被动语态

谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”形式,这里的be除了要与原句在时态上保持一致外,还要与句子的主语在人称和数等方面保持一致。如:

They have set up a new primary school in my hometown.(改为被动语态)

A new primary school has been set up in my hometown.

七、将直接引语改为间接引语

除了要对人称代词、动词时态、时间状语和地点状语等作相应的变化外,有时还要更改相应的谓语动词或将谓语动词改为非谓语形式。如:

The teacher said, “Will you come here next Sunday?”(改为直接引语)

The teacher asked me whether I would go there the next Sunday.

The woman said to the boy, “Go away.”(改为直接引语)

The woman ordered the boy to go away.

八、同义转换

同义转换指用不同的词汇、短语和句型表示相同或相近的意思。它主要有以下几种变化:

1. 用同义词(词组)、近义词(词组)替换句中的某一部分。如:

It gook him two hours to play with computers last night.(改为同义句)

He spent two hours playing with computers last night.

2. 用反义词(词组)或句型改写。如:

I think art is less important than maths.(改为同义句)

I don’t think art is more important than maths.

3. 简单句和并列句与复合句等句式间的转换。如:

Jim can’t decide what he should do next.(改为同义句)

Jim can’t decide what to do next.