滚动轴承力学特性的有限元分析研究

轴承在热膨胀受阻的条件下也会产生较大的应力，应力分布与径向力引起的轴 承应力分布类似。有限元仿真可以得到轴承热应力的分布和特点、以及轴承各部分 的位移情况，尽管热膨胀位移很小，但产生的应力很大，轴承初始游隙的设计显得 尤为重要。
关键词：滚动轴承；接触；应力；有限元；ANSYS
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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
time. The theoretical value of rolling bearing statics and dynamics analysis is almost the same with the simulation value, the simulation result was highly reliable.
This paper firstly introduced the basic theory of bearing mechanics analysis, then, studied on the statics, dynamics and thermodynamics analysis of rolling bearings based on the finite element method. The elastic finite element model of rolling bearing 6206 was establish after summarized many facts, and the stress distribution of the bearing in the static condition was obtained after the simulation analysis, the stress of bearing was mainly concentrated in small area where contact emerges. The stress due to the contact between ball and inner ring is more than the stress due to the contact between ball and outer ring, the maximum contact stress of the ball and ring appears under the contact point, which leads to bearing fatigue and spalling, the contact area of ball and ring was ellipse distributed, and the contact stress was half ellipsoid distributed. The contact stress and the size of the contact zone can be calculated.
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日期： 年 月 日
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
轴承是应用极为广泛的重要机械基础件，滚动轴承在工作时既是运动连接件， 又是载荷支撑件，其力学状态较为复杂，由于各种原因容易引起失效，为研究轴承 破坏的力学机理、优化轴承设计、提高轴承使用寿命，进行轴承的力学分析显得十 分有必要。
分析了动态条件下轴承的受力特点及运动特点，轴承应力的分布与静态条件下 的应力分布相似而又表现出一些不同，在前接触区和后接触区也会有较大应力产生。 最大应力可能偏离接触中心，同样载荷下轴承各元件在动态条件下分析得到的最大 应力大于静态条件下分析得到的最大应力。滚珠的运动具有不稳定性特点，计算可 以得到滚珠运动速度、运动状态及运动轨迹等。滚动轴承静态分析和动态分析的模 拟值和理论值相差较小，仿真结果具有较高的可靠性。
The mechanical characteristics and movement characteristics of bearing under the dynamic conditions were analyzed, the stress distribution was similar to static conditions, but also shows a different, the stress is a bit great in the area of the front and the behide of the contact area. The maximal stress may deviate from contact center, and the maximal stress obtained from dynamics analysis is greater than that obtained from statics analysis on the condition of the same load. The movements of the balls were instability, and the velocity of the ball, the motion state and motion trajectory can be obtained at the same
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Abstract
Bearings are widely used important machine foundation parts, rolling bearings work as both movement connecting parts and load supporting parts when they are working, the mechanical state is very complicated. Bearings are easily fail to work because of various reasons, as to research the mechanical mechanism of bearings ′ mechanical failure, optimize the bearing design and improve the service life of bearings, the analysis of bearing mechanics is very necessary.
2 滚动轴承受力分析的基础理论
2.1 弹性接触的赫兹理论..............................................................(10) 2.2 径向载荷下的载荷分布.......................................................... (14) 2.3 滚动轴承运动学关系..............................................................(15) 2.4 实例计算................................................................................(17) 2.5 本章小结................................................................................(18)
1 绪论
1.1 课题研究的背景及意义............................................................ (1) 1.2 滚动轴承常见的失效形式.........................................................(2) 1.3 国内外研究概况.......................................................................(3) 1.4 滚动轴承力学分析的难点.........................................................(6) 1.5 本文主要内容.......................................................................... (7)
Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074, P. R. China January, 2013
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本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的 研究成果。尽我所知，除文中已标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或 集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体，均已在 文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
分类号 学校代码 10487
学 号 M201070628 密级
硕士学位论文
滚动轴承力学特性的 有限元分析研究
学位申请人： 闫 鑫 学 科 专 业 ： 材料加工工程 指 导 教 师 ： 刘顺洪 教授 答 辩 日 期 ： 2013 年 1 月 13 日
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering
本文首先简要介绍了轴承力学分析的理论基础，然后采用有限元法对滚动轴承 进行静态下和动态下的力学分析以及热应力分析。综合各方面因素建立滚动轴承 6206 的弹性有限元模型，仿真分析得到了轴承在静态条件下的应力分布，轴承的应 力主要集中在发生接触的小区域内，滚珠与内圈接触产生的应力大于与外圈接触产 生的应力，滚珠与圈体接触的最大应力出现在接触面下一点，是轴承发生疲劳剥落 的力学诱因，滚珠与圈体的接触区域成椭圆形分布，接触应力成半椭球形分布，计 算可以得到接触应力大小以及接触区尺寸等。
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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
目录
摘 要..................................................................................................I Abstract..............................................................................................II
Stress will emerge when the thermal expansion while the ball was hindered, the stress distribution was similar to the distribution that caused by radial force. the characteristics and distribution of bearing thermal stress and the displacement of all the parts can be obtained. Although the thermal expansion displacement is small, the stress is great, and the design of bearing initial clearance is particularly important. Key words: rolling bearing, contact, stress, finite element method, ANSYS
Analytical Research on Mechanical Properties of Rolling Bearings based on Finite Element Method
Candidate Major Supervisor
: Yan Xin : Material Processing Engineering : Prof. Liu Shunhong