单片开关电源及pcb

毕 业 论 文

姓名：田伟龙

题 目： 电气自动化毕业论文 单片开关电源及PCB设计

电气自动化，自动化毕业设计，毕业论文

目 录

摘 要 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„I

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………II

第1 章 绪 论 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1

1．1 概述 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1

1．2 开关电源的发展简况 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1

1．3 开关电源的发展趋势 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2

第2章 方案论证 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

2．1 概述 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

2．2 系统总体框图 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

2．3 工作原理 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

2．3．1 TOPSwitch-II的结构及工作原理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

2．3．2 单片开关电源电路基本原理 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5

第3章 单片开关电源的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7

3．1 概述 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7

3．2 单片开关电源参数的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7

3．3 单片开关电源中电子元器件的选择 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15

3．3．1 选择钳位二极管和阻塞二极管 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„15

3．3．2 输出整流管的选取 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„18

3．3．3 输出滤波电容的选取 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„19

3．3．4 反馈电路中整流管的选取 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„20

3．3．5 反馈滤波电容的选取 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„20

3．3．6 控制端电容及串联电阻的选择 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„20

3．3．7 TL431型可调式精密并联稳压器的选择 „„„„„„„„„„20

3．3．8 光耦合器的选择 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„21

3．3．9 自恢复保险丝的选择 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„23

3．4 单片开关电源保护电路的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„24

3．4．1 输出过电压保护电路的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„24

3．4．2 输入欠电压保护电路的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„25

3．4．3 软启动电路的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26 3．4．4 电压及电流控制环电路的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„26

3．4．5 无损缓冲电路 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„28

3．4．6 采用继电器保护的限流保护电路 „„„„„„„„„„„„„28

3．4．7 IGBT驱动电路 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„29

3．5 电磁干扰滤波器的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„29

3．5．1 开关电源电磁干扰产生的机理 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„30

3．5．2 开关电源EMI的特点 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„30

3．5．3 EMI测试技术 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„30

3．5．4 抑制干扰的措施 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„31

3．5．5 电磁干扰滤波器的构造原理 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„33

3．5．6 电磁干扰滤波器的基本电路及典型应用 „„„„„„„„„„33

3．5．7 EMI滤波器在开关电源中的应用 „„„„„„„„„„„„„34

第4章 PCB电磁兼容性设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„36

4．1 概述 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„36

4．2 PCB上元器件布局 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„37

4．3 PCB布线 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„38

4．4 PCB板的地线设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„46

4．5 模拟数字混合线路板的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„48

4．6 PCB设计时的电路措施 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„49

结束语 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„56

致 谢 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„59 单片开关电源及PCB设计

I 单片开关电源及PCB设计

摘 要：电力电子技术已发展成为一门完整的、自成体系的高科技技术，电力电子技术的发展带动了电源技术的发展，而电源技术的发展有效地促进了电源产业的发展。电源技术主要是为信息产业服务的，信息技术的发展又对电源技术提出了更高的要求，从而促进了电源技术的发展，两者相辅相成才有了现今蓬勃发展的信息产业和电源产业。从日常生活到最尖端的科学都离不开电源技术的参与和支持，而电源技术和产业对提高一个国家劳动生产率的水平，即提高一个国家单位能耗的产出水平，具有举足轻重的作用。在这方面我国与世界先进国家的差距很大，作为一个电源工作者，不仅要设计出国际或国内先进的电源，还要考虑到电源的适应性以及电源的成本。只有具有先进性能的电源，加上合理的制作成本，才能使我国的电源产业赶超发达国家。这里着重介绍了基于TOP252Y的单片开关电源，通过运用先进的电力电子技术等技术，实现了将普通市电转化为稳定地电压电流输出。首先介绍开关电源的含义，开关电源是利用现代电力电子技术，控制开关晶体管开通和关断的时间比率，维持稳定输出电压的一种电源，开关电源一般由脉冲宽度调制（PWM）控制IC和MOSFET构成。随着各种各样电器的出现以及升级，它们都需要一个稳定的电源，本文系统介绍了一种较为实惠又很先进的稳压稳流输出单片开关电源。

关键词：单片开关电源; 反激式；脉宽调制。

单片开关电源及PCB设计

II The design of Single-chip Switching Power Supply

and it’s PCB

Abstract：Electric and electronic technology has already developed into an intact high

science, the development of electric and electronic technology has driven the development

of the technology of the power supply, and the development of power technology has

promoted the development of industry of the power supply effectively. The technology of

the power mainly serves information industry, the development of the information

technology has put forward higher request to the power supply, thus promoted the

development of technology of the power supply, and it just had the vigorous information

industry and power industry now. Can't do without the participation and support of the

technology of the power from daily life to most advanced science, and the power

technology and the power industry have very important function in raising the level of a

country's labor productivity, namely improve an output level of national unit's energy

consumption. In this respect, our country and developed country have very great disparity.

As a power worker, not only design the international or domestic advanced power supply,

but also consider the adaptability and cost of the power supply. Only the advanced and

low-priced power supply could make the power industry of our country catch up with the

developed country. Here, I will introduce the Single-Chip Switching Power Supply which

based on the TOP252Y, by using the technology, such as advanced electric and electronic

technology, it turns the ordinary electricity into the steadily voltage and current output. At

first, I will introduce the meaning of the Switch Mode Power Supply, the Switch Mode

Power Supply is a Power supply which utilizing modern electric and electronic technology,

controlling the time rate of the ON /OFF of the switch transistor, and keeping the voltage