Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids isolated from different plant species

参附总多糖对慢性心力衰竭模型大鼠抗氧化作用的实验研究[摘要] 目的探讨参附总多糖对慢性心力衰竭模型大鼠的抗氧化作用。

方法腹主动脉结扎法复制慢性心力衰竭大鼠模型，随机分成参附总多糖高、中、低剂量组，并设模型组和假手术组作为对照，共5组，每组10只。

按试剂盒说明书方法检测慢性心力衰竭模型大鼠以参附总多糖治疗后血浆和心肌组织中的超氧化歧化酶（sod）和丙二醛（mda）的含量。

结果与对照组比较，模型组大鼠高剂量组的sod值明显降低，mda值明显升高，均具有极显著的意义（p 0.05），而心肌组织sod水平则上升明显（p 3 讨论本研究中发现，大鼠造模21 d后血浆和心肌组织中的mda含量显著增加，sod活性明显降低，说明慢性心力衰竭时存在着显著的脂质过氧化现象，清除氧自由基的能力则明显不足。

该现象在心肌组织中尤为明显。

中、低剂量的参附总多糖对血浆和心肌组织中的sod活性并无明显的改善，在血浆中略有降低。

高剂量的参附总多糖对模型大鼠血浆和心肌组织中脂质过氧化现象具有明显的改善，大大提高了清除氧自由基的能力。

表明参附总多糖不同剂量给药后对于sod、mda的影响均存在一定的量效关系，且中剂量组与低剂量组之间的差别不明显，反映了参附总多糖对于慢性心力衰竭时对于血浆尤其是心肌组织的氧自由基损伤的保护作用。

已经有许多研究证实抗氧化物质能消灭活性氧，中断连锁性氧化过程，使身体免受活性氧的氧化而保护机体[8，9]。

且其活性成分主要为多糖类、蒽醌类、萜类、黄酮及其苷类、香豆素类等成分[10-13]。

本研究发现在慢性心力衰竭时应用参附总多糖可有助于改善心肌氧化应激状态，保护心肌细胞免受损伤，从而纠正慢性心力衰竭的生理病理状态，为慢性心力衰竭的治疗提供新的方向。

但本研究尚未涉及慢性心力衰竭大鼠的最终预后，且本研究结果的内在分子机理亦不清楚，尚需进一步的研究。

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分析检测无花果中黄酮类化学成分及抗氧化活性研究董丽梅，孔令熙，陈玳欣，蓝乐淇，吴梓怡，赵　彤*（广东生态工程职业学院，广东广州 510520）摘 要：采用多种色谱分离技术从无花果中分离得到4个黄酮类化合物，经波谱分析，分别鉴定为槲皮素、山奈酚、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷。

抗氧化活性测试表明，山奈酚、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷显示出比维生素C更强的ABTS自由基清除活性；槲皮素、山奈酚、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷显示出比维生素C更好的DPPH自由基清除活性。

关键词：无花果；黄酮；化学成分；抗氧化活性Study on Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities ofFlavonoids in FigDONG Limei, KONG Lingxi, CHEN Daixin, LAN Leqi, WU Ziyi, ZHAO Tong*(Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China) Abstract: Four flavonoids were isolated from figs by various chromatographic separation techniques. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as quercetin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside. Antioxidant activity test demonstrated that kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside showed stronger ABTS free radical scavenging activity than vitamin C. Quercetin, kaempferol and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside showed better DPPH free radical scavenging activity than vitamin C.Keywords: fig; flavonoid; chemical constituents; antioxidant activity无花果又称奶浆果、文仙果，为桑科榕属植物无花果（Ficus carica Linn.）的聚花果，富含膳食纤维、维生素和矿物质[1-2]，有润肺止咳、健脾开胃、润肠通便等功效[1,3]。

酸藤子Embelia laeta（L.）Mez为紫金牛科酸藤子属植物，收载于《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准》（第一卷），以根入药，是瑶族经典药“老班药”“七十二风”中的风药之一，主要用于慢性肠炎、月经不调、血崩、风湿痛、类风湿性关节炎等疾病［1］。

研究发现酸藤子中含有丰富的黄酮类化合物［2］，冯旭等［3］在酸藤子中分离得到芦丁、金丝桃苷、槲皮素、山柰酚、金圣草黄素等黄酮类化合物。

黄酮类化合物具有广泛的药理作用，但鲜见对酸藤子黄酮类成分进行药理研究。

在广西、广东两地，酸藤子资源较为丰富，民间应用广泛并且具有较好的临床效果［4-5］，研究潜力巨大。

目前国内外对酸藤子研究报道较少，限制了对此药的深入不同产地酸藤子根总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性研究陈振兴，周凤玲，张仲敏（广西中医药大学，广西南宁530200）摘要目的：测定不同产地酸藤子根总黄酮含量及评价其体外抗氧化活性与总黄酮含量的相关性。

方法：选用广西、广东11种不同产地酸藤子，采用超声提取法对酸藤子根总黄酮进行提取，选用紫外分光光度法测定其总黄酮含量；通过测定酸藤子根总黄酮的总抗氧化能力以及清除1，1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基的能力来评价酸藤子根体外抗氧化活性。

结果：不同产地酸藤子根总黄酮含量有较大的差异，其中，总黄酮含量最高的是潮州市饶平县，最低的是南宁市青秀区。

不同产地酸藤子根黄酮溶液显示出一定的总抗氧化能力，且能够有效清除DPPH自由基。

结论：酸藤子根具有良好的抗氧化能力，其总黄酮含量与清除DPPH自由基能力有着紧密的相关性。

关键词酸藤子；总黄酮；抗氧化活性中图分类号：R284.1；R285.5文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-0719（2021）01-0062-04 Study on total Flavonoids content determination and antioxidant activityof Embelia laeta（L.）Mez from different producing areasCHEN Zhenxing，ZHOU Fengling，ZHANG Zhongmin（Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine，Nanning，530200，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region）Abstract Objective:To determine the content of total flavonoids in the roots of Embelia laeta（L.）Mez from differ⁃ent producing areas and evaluate the correlation between antioxidant activity in vitro and total flavonoids content.Meth⁃ods:11kinds of Embelia laeta（L.）Mez roots from different producing areas in Guangxi and Guangdong province were used to extract the total flavonoids by ultrasonic extraction method，and the content of total flavonoids was determined by UV spectrophotometry.The total antioxidant capacity and the scavenging ability of1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydra⁃zine（DPPH）free radical were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro.Results:The content of total flavo⁃noids were quite different in the roots of Embelia laeta（L.）Mez from different producing areas.Among them，the highest content of total flavonoids was that from Chaozhou Raoping County，and the lowest one was that from Nanning Qingxiu District.The roots of Embelia laeta（L.）Mez from different producing areas showed distinctly antioxidant capacity and ef⁃fectively scavenging ability of DPPH free radical.Conclusion:The roots of Embelia laeta（L.）Mez had good antioxidant capacity，and its total flavonoids had a close relationship with its scavenging ability of DPPH free radical.Key words Embelia laeta（L.）Mez;total flavonoids;antioxidant activity基金项目：广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目（编号：2020KY07042）第一作者简介：陈振兴（1987—），博士，讲师，研究方向：新药研究与开发通信作者：张仲敏（1987—），女，硕士，研究方向：新药研究与开发；E-mail：·中药方剂·626220212月第44卷第1研究及资源开发。

菊花的药用价值的作文英文回答：Pharmacological Activities of Chrysanthemums.Chrysanthemums, renowned for their vibrant hues and captivating beauty, possess a rich history of medicinal use in traditional Chinese medicine. These flowers, belonging to the Asteraceae family, have been extensively employedfor centuries to treat a diverse range of ailments. Modern scientific research has corroborated the therapeutic properties of chrysanthemums, revealing a multifaceted pharmacological profile.Anti-inflammatory Effects.Chrysanthemums exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory properties attributed to their abundant flavonoids and terpenoids. Studies have demonstrated their ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This anti-inflammatory action suggests potential applications in treating chronic inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.Antioxidant Activity.Chrysanthemums are a potent source of antioxidants, predominantly flavonoids and phenolic acids. These compounds effectively combat oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals, which are damaging molecules that contribute to aging and the development of various diseases. The antioxidant properties of chrysanthemums have been shown to protect against oxidative damage in liver cells, nerve cells, and endothelial cells.Antimicrobial Effects.Chrysanthemums possess antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi. Extracts from the flowers have demonstrated inhibitory effects on the growthof pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, chrysanthemums have been shown to have antifungal properties against Candida albicans.Neuroprotective Effects.Recent research has uncovered the neuroprotective potential of chrysanthemums. Extracts from the flowers have been found to protect against neuronal damage induced by oxidative stress and excitotoxicity. These findings suggest that chrysanthemums may have therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.Hepatoprotective Effects.Chrysanthemums have been traditionally used to treat liver ailments. Modern studies have substantiated these claims, demonstrating the hepatoprotective effects of chrysanthemum extracts. These extracts have been shown to protect against liver damage caused by toxins and oxidative stress, promoting liver regeneration and reducinginflammation.Immunomodulatory Effects.Chrysanthemums have immunomodulatory properties that influence the immune system. Extracts from the flowers have been shown to stimulate the production of antibodies and enhance the activity of natural killer cells, which are vital for fighting infections. Additionally, chrysanthemums have been found to modulate cytokine production, balancing the immune response.Traditional Uses of Chrysanthemums.In traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemums have been used for a myriad of therapeutic purposes:Headache and fever: Chrysanthemums are commonly used to relieve headaches and reduce fever due to their cooling and antipyretic properties.Eye ailments: The flowers are employed to treat eyeproblems such as conjunctivitis and glaucoma due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.Skin conditions: Chrysanthemum extracts are used topically to soothe skin irritation, eczema, and inflammation.Cardiovascular health: The flowers are believed to promote cardiovascular health by lowering blood pressure and improving blood circulation.Digestive disorders: Chrysanthemum tea is used to alleviate digestive ailments such as indigestion and diarrhea due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.Conclusion.The pharmacological activities of chrysanthemums extend to a wide range of therapeutic applications, justifying their longstanding use in traditional medicine. Modern scientific research has corroborated the efficacy of theseflowers, uncovering their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. As research continues, thefull therapeutic potential of chrysanthemums is yet to be fully explored, promising future advancements in healthcare.中文回答：菊花的药用价值。