水平井分段压裂演示
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水平井分段压裂技术二◦◦九年四月二十一日一、立项背景大庆外围储层渗透率低、丰度低、厚度薄、直井开发效益低或无效益,水平 井是解决外围低渗透油田多井低产、 实现高效开发的重要手段。
但由于储层物性 差,大部分水平井必须压裂才能达到产能。
大庆油田在“八五”期间就开展过水 平井笼统压裂试验,但水平井笼统压裂存在针对性差、部分层压不开及小层改造 规模难以控制等问题(见图1),为提高压裂针对性和压裂效果,急需开展分段 控制压裂技术攻关。
但水平井分段压裂是一项世界级难题,主要存在以下技术难点:一是水平井井眼轨迹复杂,最大曲率达到 17° /25m ,多为阶梯式、波浪形, 压裂管柱起下困难,砂卡几率大,施工风险高;二是水平段长(500-700m )、压裂层段多,非均质性较严重,裂缝起裂、延 伸复杂,压裂设计及现场控制难度大。
2005年在州78-平67井,采用常规分段压裂工具实施不加砂压裂进行了探 索性试验,压后管柱拔不动,上修井作业后发现封隔器胶筒破损, 从而证实了水 平井分段压裂确实存在较大风险。
因此,水平井分段控制压裂技术已成为制约水平井大面积开发应用的瓶颈技 术,急需研究、攻关。
限流压裂井井温测试解释裂缝形裔成果60改造程度低30 匸 ---------- 1 ---------- 1 ---------- 1 ------- ------------- J ----------- L ---------- 1 ---------- 1 ---------- 1 ---------- L ---------- L ---------- * 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1600 1900 2000 2100 m图1 南246-平309井井温测试解释结果、主要创新点及解决的关键技术通过研究、攻关,该项目主要取得以下三方面技术创新:创新点1:研究了安全、高效、耐磨蚀双封单卡分段压裂管柱,形成了分段 控制压裂主体工艺工艺管柱主要由安全接头、水力锚、K344-110封隔器、导压喷砂器、扶正5040裂縫重盏器,导向死堵组成。
2010年2月1日水平井压裂工艺水平井压裂工艺建议一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统:完井工具一次入井实现水平井裸眼段分层压裂工艺一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Primary Objectives主要作业目的•Control Where the Frac is Placed压裂作业区域控制ØIsolation of segments of the lateral实现压裂作业井段横向分段隔离ØCreate fractures over the entire length of the lateral 实现全井段完全压裂作业•Increase NPV 增加投资回报率ØHigher initial rate of production 提高产量ØIncreased reservoir drainage 增加采收率ØLower operational expenses降低作业成本产能分析投资回报率分析一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统单井产量对比124Well #7Koone 2-35185Well #6Knowles 1-26387Well #5Koone 1-34545Well #4Cassell 1-26578Well #3Hildreth 1-36880Well #2Hillis 1-271017Well #1McGee 1-352753Frac PointWell Knowles 2-26-H Initial Productio n Rate (mcf)Well Well Name Initial Production Rate of Offset Vertical Wells一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统压力时间水力开启球球球表面漏失导致压力降低一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统使用优势•Oil Company savings–Rig time compared to conventional completion methods.缩短钻机/修井机使用时间–The days of Fracturing time compared to conventional methods减少压裂作业时间–No cementing of Liner cost as with conventional methods 无固井作业需求–No wire line or perforating needed as with conventional methods.不需要钢丝作业和射孔作业一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Ball Seat Sub球座Setting Ball Capture Seat一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Ball Seat Sub 球座Used across all of BOT’s product linesDeveloped as a temporaryplugging system more than 25 years agoEstimated usage approximately 12,000 sincedevelopment“P”Pressure Activated Sleeve压力开关滑套一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统“P”Pressure Activated Sleeve压力开关滑套Developed as a pressure actuatedcirculating sleeve more than 25years ago –Used across all of BOT’s product linesPort configuration was modified for Frac-Point applicationsEstimated usage since development approximately 7,500Ball’s球•Ball’s tested at 250 deg to 8,500 psi在121℃,58MPa下做球实验•Specific Gravity Options比重选项– 2.47 Phenolic2.47酚醛塑料– 1.9 Custom Rubber 20921.9橡胶– 1.25 Nytef–Available Sizes 可用尺寸•3.500 in 3.000 in 2.500 in 2.250 in 2.000 in 1.750 in 1.500 in一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Open Hole Packer 裸眼封隔器History :Developed as the Premier Removable Packer System 675 runs since 2001一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Open Hole Packer Performance•Based on 10K Premier Packer ChassisØ6-1/8”Hole = 10,000 psi 3-7/8 Hole = 8,500 psiØ6-1/4”Hole = 8,500 psi 4.00 Hole = 8,500 psiØ6-1/2”Hole = 6,000 psi 4.25 Hole = 5,000 psiØTemperature Rating: 100 –350°FØInitiation Pressure adjust between 1,200 –1,800 psiØTorque Rating: up to 6,000 ft. lbs. depending on thread type ØNo body (mandrel)movement during settingØ255K Tensile RatingBall Activated Frac Sleeve投球开关滑套一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Ball Activated Frac Sleeve 投球开关滑套Development in 1990 to selectively producedifferent intervalsModified for use in Frac-point applicationswith the addition of the ball seat insert9739 runs from 1992 to 2006Ball Activated Frac Sleeve投球开关滑套一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Ball Activated Frac Sleeve投球开关滑套•Opening Pressures adjustable between 2,000 –4,000 psi ØAvailable Seat Sizes• 3.500 in• 3.000 in• 2.500 in• 2.250 in• 2.000 in• 1.750 in• 1.500 inLiner Top Packer System 尾管封隔器Ø 4 ½’’X 7’’SystemØRun On HR Liner Setting ToolØHydraulically releases at 2,300 psiØOD: 5.875 inØID: 3.958 in一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Liner Top Packer System尾管封隔器系统ØOne Trip Deployment –No Setting Tool NeededØPacker Set with 2,000 psi and Applied Tension and CompressionØ12,000 psi Differential RatingØ200,000 lb Tensile RatingØIntegral 5.250 in ID 6 ft. Tie Back ExtensionØTorque Capability of the HR 12,000 ft. lbs.Development HistoryØOriginally developed as an alternative for “two trip”North Sea permanent packer completions. Developed in 1980.Ø508 SB Packer runs since 2003Ø524 HR Running tool runs since 2003一、封隔器+投球滑套压裂系统Sizes Available 现有产品规格•4-1/2”Liner x 7.00”CSG x ( 6-1/4”to 6-1/2”) OH •2-7/8”Liner x 4-1/2”CSG x ( 3-7/8”to 4-1/4”) OH •3-1/2”Liner x 5-1/2”CSG x ( 4-1/2 to 4-3/4”) OH •5-1/2”Liner x 9-5/8”CSG x ( 8-1/2”to 8-3/4) OH二、机械滑套+封隔器/固井ZoneSelect水平井压裂技术该系统可在一次起下钻中完成多个操作(酸化或压裂),不需要过油管干预,经济省时。