文学英语论文范文

《鲁滨逊漂流记》二元解读摘要:《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的典型二元戏剧特征主要表现在:人与人、人与自然、人与自我;笛福与鲁滨逊、鲁滨逊与星期五、鲁滨逊与荒岛、鲁滨逊与大海。

关键词:《鲁滨逊漂流记》;人物形象;二元性特征Abstract: The typical dual artistic features can be well shown between men, man and nature, one and oneself, Defoe and Robinson, Robinson and Friday, Robinson and the isolated island, Robinson and sea, and etc.Key words: Robinson Crusoe; characters; dual characteristics1719年,笛福发表了《鲁滨逊漂流记》。

小说以第一人称和日记、回忆等写作手法,开创了18世纪现实主义小说创作的先河。

受启蒙思想的影响,即文学创作“要自然,要真实”。

笛福把鲁滨逊作为资产阶级的代表和主人公来加以描写和歌颂:用日常的生活语言、真实而自然的表现方式来描写一个英雄。

笛福曾这样评论鲁滨逊:形象为不安于现状,勇于行动,勇于追求,不畏艰险,按照现代文明的模式,开辟新天地的创造者[1]。

一《、鲁滨逊漂流记》的二元特征(一)普通人物和中产阶级英雄《鲁滨逊漂流记》虽然是部现实主义小说,但更多地可以解读出作品的戏剧特征。

鲁滨逊是一个普通的人。

他要生活,必须要解决衣、食、住、行等问题。

当他一个人漂泊到一个孤岛上,面临种种困难,他学会了种大麦、玉米、水稻等,他挖凿山洞,修筑栅栏,驯养山羊,造独木舟,焙制陶器,烘烤面包,酿造啤酒等,使自己的生活过得很富裕,凭着自己个人的努力和毅力,鲁滨逊终于能在荒岛上安歇下来。

与此同时读者又能感受到一个英雄的形象。

刚到岛上,他也十分悲观和绝望,每做一件事都是那么艰难。

英语本科毕业论文范文欣赏（共7篇）第一篇：美国文学作品中的女性形象研究摘要：本文以美国文学作品为研究对象，通过分析不同时期作品中的女性形象，探讨女性角色在美国社会历史背景下的变迁。

本文选取了《红字》、《嘉莉妹妹》和《飘》三部作品，分别代表19世纪、20世纪初和20世纪中叶的美国文学，旨在揭示女性在追求独立、自由和平等过程中的心路历程。

一、引言美国文学作品中，女性形象丰富多彩，她们或勇敢追求真爱，或为独立自由而奋斗。

本文将通过分析三部经典作品中的女性角色，带您领略美国文学中的女性魅力。

二、19世纪的女性形象——《红字》中的海丝特·白兰在纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》中，海丝特·白兰勇敢地面对世俗的偏见，坚定地追求真爱。

她的形象代表了19世纪美国女性在封建礼教束缚下，对自由和爱情的渴望。

三、20世纪初的女性形象——《嘉莉妹妹》中的嘉莉西奥多·德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》描绘了一个从乡村到城市的女性奋斗史。

嘉莉在追求物质生活改善的过程中，逐渐觉醒，开始寻求精神独立。

她的形象反映了20世纪初美国女性在工业化进程中的困惑与挣扎。

英语本科毕业论文范文欣赏（共7篇）第二篇：跨文化交际中的英语语用失误分析摘要：随着全球化进程的加快，跨文化交际日益频繁。

本文聚焦于英语语用失误，分析其在跨文化交际中的表现形式及其产生的原因。

通过对具体案例的深入探讨，本文旨在为英语学习者提供有效的跨文化交际策略。

四、语用失误的定义与分类语用失误是指在交际过程中，由于语言使用不当导致交际目的未能实现的现象。

本文将语用失误分为两类：语用语言失误和社交语用失误，并分别进行阐述。

五、跨文化交际中的语用语言失误案例分析本章节通过具体案例分析，展示了英语学习者在词汇、语法和语篇层面可能出现的语用语言失误，并探讨了这些失误背后的文化差异。

六、跨文化交际中的社交语用失误案例分析社交语用失误往往涉及交际双方的社交规范和文化习俗。

英美文学论文范文一：大学英语教学学生英美文学素养培养摘要：大学英语教育应注重学生综合素质的培养，提升学生的英美文学素养是教学目标之一。

大学英语教学不同于中学时期的英语授课，应在基础语法、词汇等内容之上进行文学素养层面的渗入。

本文简要阐述了培养大学生英美文学素养的必要性，并就大学生英美文学素养培养方法展开探讨。

关键词：英美文学;大学英语教学;素养新时期背景下，社会的人才需求体现出全面性和综合性的特点，要求具备良好的综合素质。

大学英语是我国高等教育的重要课程，在教学中应注重学生英美文学素养的培养，加强各方面能力的提升。

英美文学素养是立足于英美文学阅读基础上的能力提升，包括有文化素养、语言能力、心理素养等内容，因此文学素养的培养越来越受到广大教师的重视。

本文将对培养大学生英美文学素养的必要性进行研究，并探讨详细的教学策略。

一、大学英语教学中培养学生英美文学素养的必要性大学英语教学的目的不仅要求学生能够在工作和社交中流畅地用英语进行交流，培养学生的英语应用能力，而且要求提高学生的综合文化素养，增强自学能力，从而能够适应未来社会的发展要求。

要达到上述目标就要求教师在授课的过程中，不能仅仅注重听说读写的训练，因为技能简单的相加不等于综合运用能力，从某种意义上来讲，综合运用能力应当接近于包含听说读写在内的文化素养。

一增强学生的文化感知语言与文化是一体的，任何一方都无法独立存在。

语言是文化的载体，文学学习是一种快速掌握文化知识的学习方法。

大量阅读西方的文学作品，了解西方文化的价值取向、思维方式，以及评判视角等多方面的意识形态，能够包容、理解、尊重不同文化的学生，才是能够走向国际的人才。

二增强学生的英语综合能力语言的学习十分重视积累，只有积累达到一定的程度才能正确的、灵活的进行语言输出。

而文化的学习可以仿效语言的学习。

大量的阅读可以增强学生的语感，同时增加词汇量，并且还可以提升其语言的实际运用能力。

ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit，在英语学习的过程中，学生要注意在学习中和生活中经常使用英语，只有在实际运用中才能使学生快速掌握英语知识，加深对文章的理解，发现文章中的美，体会作者的情感，进而提升学生的文学素养。

文学作品英语作文模板范文英文回答：Literary Analysis Essay Template。

Introduction:Hook: Begin with a captivating sentence or question that introduces the literary work being analyzed.Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument of your essay, which should provide a specific interpretation or analysis of the work.Body Paragraphs:Topic sentence: Start each paragraph with a statement that introduces the main point or evidence to be discussed.Evidence: Provide specific examples or quotes from thework to support your argument. Use specific page numbers or act/scene references.Analysis: Explain the significance of the evidence and how it contributes to your overall interpretation.Transitions: Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas and maintain flow between paragraphs.Conclusion:Restate thesis statement: Briefly summarize your main argument, using different wording if possible.Summarize main points: Remind the reader of the key evidence and analysis presented in the body paragraphs.Concluding statement: Offer a final thought or insight that reinforces your thesis statement and leaves the reader with a memorable impression.Literary Analysis Essay Example:The Complexity of Hamlet。

探索文学的英语作文范文Exploring Literature。

Literature is a vast and diverse field that encompasses a wide range of genres, styles, and themes. From classic novels to contemporary poetry, from historical epics to modern short stories, literature offers a rich tapestry of human experience and imagination. In this essay, we will explore the importance of literature, the different formsit takes, and the ways in which it can enrich our lives.Literature plays a crucial role in shaping our understanding of the world around us. Through the power of storytelling, literature allows us to explore different cultures, time periods, and perspectives. Whether we are reading a novel set in a distant land, a poem that captures the essence of a fleeting moment, or a play that delvesinto the complexities of human relationships, literature has the ability to transport us to new and unfamiliar worlds, while also shedding light on the universal truthsthat bind us all together.One of the most compelling aspects of literature is its ability to provoke thought and inspire reflection. Through the use of language and imagery, literature can evoke powerful emotions, challenge our assumptions, and encourage us to question the status quo. By engaging with the ideas and experiences presented in literature, we are able to expand our horizons, broaden our perspectives, and developa deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.Literature comes in many different forms, each with its own unique appeal and impact. Novels, for example, allow us to immerse ourselves in the lives of complex and compelling characters, while also offering insight into the social and historical context in which they exist. Poetry, on theother hand, distills the essence of human experience into a few carefully chosen words, inviting us to contemplate the beauty and complexity of the world in a more concentrated form. Plays, meanwhile, bring literature to life throughthe medium of performance, allowing us to witness the dynamics of human interaction in real time.In addition to its aesthetic and intellectual value, literature also has the power to foster empathy and understanding. By presenting us with a diverse array of voices and experiences, literature encourages us to step outside of our own perspective and consider the world from a different vantage point. This, in turn, can lead to greater compassion, tolerance, and appreciation for the myriad ways in which people navigate the challenges and joys of life.In conclusion, literature is a powerful and multifaceted medium that has the capacity to enrich our lives in countless ways. By offering a window into the human experience, literature allows us to explore new worlds, challenge our assumptions, and cultivate empathy and understanding. Whether we are reading for pleasure, enlightenment, or inspiration, literature has the ability to captivate, educate, and transform us, making it an essential and enduring part of the human experience.。

英语文学的英语作文The rich tapestry of English literature has captivated readers and scholars alike for centuries, weaving together a tapestry of diverse voices, perspectives, and literary traditions. From the timeless works of Shakespeare to the modern masterpieces of contemporary authors, the English language has proven to be a versatile and powerful medium for artistic expression, serving as a conduit for the exploration of the human experience in all its complexities.At the heart of English literature lies a deep reverence for the written word, a reverence that has been cultivated and nurtured by generations of writers, poets, and playwrights. The English literary canon is a testament to the enduring power of language to shape and reflect the human condition, to give voice to the triumphs and tragedies, the joys and sorrows, that define the human experience.One of the hallmarks of English literature is its remarkable diversity, a diversity that is reflected in the range of genres, styles, and themes that have emerged over the centuries. From the lyrical poetry of the Romantic era to the gritty realism of the Victorian novel, from theexperimental modernism of the early 20th century to the postmodern narratives of the present day, English literature has continuously evolved and reinvented itself, responding to the changing social, cultural, and political landscapes of the times.The richness of English literature is further amplified by the global reach of the English language, which has facilitated the exchange of ideas, experiences, and perspectives across borders and cultures. The works of authors from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and beyond have all contributed to the tapestry of English literature, each adding their unique voice and perspective to the ongoing dialogue.One of the enduring strengths of English literature is its ability to engage with and reflect the human condition in all its complexity. Whether exploring the depths of the human psyche, grappling with the pressing social and political issues of the day, or simply reveling in the beauty and power of language itself, the works of English literature have the capacity to captivate, challenge, and inspire readers.The study of English literature is not merely an academic pursuit, but a gateway to a deeper understanding of the human experience. Through the analysis and interpretation of literary texts, students and scholars can gain insights into the values, beliefs, and culturaltraditions that have shaped the development of human civilization. Moreover, the study of English literature can cultivate critical thinking skills, foster empathy and understanding, and inspire a lifelong love of learning and discovery.As we look to the future of English literature, we can be certain that the rich tradition will continue to evolve and expand, drawing upon the wealth of literary traditions that have come before while also embracing new and innovative forms of expression. Whether through the emergence of diverse voices and perspectives, the exploration of new genres and mediums, or the continued dialogue between literature and other artistic and intellectual disciplines, the future of English literature promises to be a vibrant and dynamic landscape, one that will continue to captivate and inspire readers for generations to come.。

最新硕士毕业论文英语古典文学中常见论文这个词，当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称为论文。

以下就是由编为您提供的硕士英语。

we know, in the natural world, there are a lot of things or phenomena which areindeterminate. it is difficult or even impossible for us to give them a clear-cutdefinition, such as cool,cold, warm,hot. the same is true for colors. we can say red,deep red, and pale red. but there are many colors between deep red and pale red; wecan not give them a definite name. all these things have a fuzzy zone. in our dailylives, things or phenomena like those mentioned above could be found everywhere.human language is also rich in these vague things and phenomena.fuzziness, as an essential feature of language,exists widely in many aspects ofhuman language. in 1965 l.a. zadeh put forward the concept of fuzzy sets.withthe birth of fuzzy sets, it has provided a new studying perspective to linguistics andlinguistic research work has stepped into a new stage. so far, a great achievementhas been made by the scholars in the filed of vague linguistics and more and morepeople do their research on the basis of vagueness, including business nguage is the vehicle of business communication activities. business english is alanguage to be applied by business people for conununication in business activities.in our daily communication, people tend to pursue precision in order to get a success.according to the cooperative principle made by grice, there are four maxims whichshould be observed during a conversation: communicators should make what theysaid have enough information, the utterance is relevantand clear to the present topicand make sure what they say is not fake others.but, in reality,we do not necessarily process the communication according to thesefour maxims. we will use some vague language in our daily communication. fuzzylanguage forms a considerable part of language and it has become part of our lives.in this regard, business english is not an exception. the 21 century is an era ofknowledge economy developing newly. international business english, generallyregarded as an esp, manifests strong vitality increasingly. with the development ofglobal economy and international trade, business english is used in various businessactivities. business language has long been identified with accuracy and clarity so asnot to lead to misunderstanding. so no room is left for fuzziness in business english.however, researches show that fuzzy expression still exists in such an accurate andclear language.。

英美文学类论文范文英美文学是英国人民和美国人民长期以来创造性地使用英语语言的产物,是对时代生活的审美表现。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英美文学类论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英美文学类论文范文篇1从英美经典电影分析英美文学女性形象[摘要]很多英美经典电影，都是以英美文学为蓝本进行改编的。

将文字转换为银幕上的画面，这样的变化，更有利于观众对原作中角色的定位。

女性角色，是文学作品中不可或缺的元素，是文学话题制造的永恒话题。

在诸多英美文学作品中，女性角色随着时代的变迁、社会背景的变化，也变换着不同的色彩。

本文以一些经典的英美电影，对比那些英美文学作品中的女性形象进行了分析，包括对爱情的执著、自我价值的追求、悲剧色彩和独立自主的方面。

[关键词]英美电影;英美文学;女性形象一、引言女性角色，是文学作品中不可或缺的元素，是文学话题制造的永恒话题。

在诸多英美文学作品中，女性角色随着时代的变迁、社会背景的变化，也变换着不同的色彩。

从莎士比亚时期开始，直到19世纪末20世纪初，以英国、法国、美国等作家的文学作品为例，英美文学作品中的女性角色，开始展现出不一样的活跃程度，特别是随着电影产业的兴起，将文学作品改编为电影，更加有利于对原作中女性形象的深刻展示。

在这一点上，以好莱坞电影为代表的英美电影，以更加丰富的形式，诠释了电影视角下的女性角色新特点，其中对于女性主义的形象表现极为突出。

二、女性对于爱情的执著爱情，是英美文学作品中一直延续的格调。

无论是辉煌的史诗巨制，还是社会小人物的刻画写实，其中都有着爱情的主题。

在爱情面前，电影，或者说原作中的这些女性角色们，敢于为了爱情反抗传统，反抗那些看似坚不可摧的世俗。

改编自美国作家罗伯特的小说《廊桥遗梦》的电影中，弗朗西斯卡与罗伯特之间的爱情，突破了家庭与婚姻的禁制，两人的爱情在当时是一种被唾弃的行为，是对婚姻的背叛，对伦理道德的挑战。

在电影中，弗朗西斯卡在意大利长大，嫁人后随丈夫来到了美国。

文学话题类的英语作文As an AI language model, I am unable to access or retrieve downloaded content from the internet. However, I can certainly help you write a high-quality English essay on a literary topic. Here's a sample essay on the topic of "The Power of Storytelling in Literature":The Power of Storytelling in Literature。

Storytelling has been a fundamental aspect of human culture since the dawn of civilization. Throughout history, literature has served as a powerful medium for conveying the human experience, sharing knowledge, and shaping the collective consciousness of society. In this essay, we will explore the profound impact of storytelling in literature, examining its ability to inspire, educate, and provoke thought.First and foremost, storytelling in literature has the remarkable ability to inspire and uplift readers. Whetherthrough the heroic journey of a protagonist or the poignant reflections of a poet, stories have the power to evoke deep emotions and stir the imagination. Consider, for instance, the enduring impact of classic tales such as "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee or "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald. These timeless narratives continue to resonate with readers across generations, offering profound insights into the human condition and the complexities of life.Moreover, storytelling in literature serves as a valuable tool for education and enlightenment. Through the artful use of language and narrative, authors have the capacity to convey complex ideas, moral lessons, and historical truths. From the allegorical symbolism in George Orwell's "Animal Farm" to the philosophical musings of Plato's "The Republic," literature has the power to stimulate critical thinking and broaden the intellectual horizons of its audience. By engaging with diverse perspectives and thought-provoking themes, readers are able to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and the world around them.Furthermore, storytelling in literature has the capacity to provoke thought and inspire social change. Throughout history, writers have utilized their craft to address pressing social issues, challenge prevailing norms, and advocate for justice. From the abolitionist writings of Frederick Douglass to the feminist literature of Virginia Woolf, storytelling has been a catalyst for social progress and the advancement of human rights. By giving voice to the marginalized and shedding light on the injustices of society, literature has the power to ignite a sense of empathy and solidarity among its readers.In conclusion, the power of storytelling in literature is undeniable. Through its ability to inspire, educate, and provoke thought, literature serves as a timeless medium for conveying the complexities of the human experience. As readers engage with the rich tapestry of narratives and ideas found in literature, they are able to cultivate empathy, broaden their perspectives, and find solace in the shared stories of humanity. In this way, storytelling inliterature continues to shape our understanding of the world and our place within it.。

介绍文学英语作文初一Title: Introduction to English Literature。

English literature is a rich tapestry woven with the threads of imagination, emotion, and cultural heritage. For students beginning their journey into the realm ofliterature in their first year of middle school, it offers a gateway to explore new worlds, delve into the depths of human experience, and cultivate language skills. In this introductory essay, we will delve into the fundamental aspects of English literature for students at the first-year level.1. Understanding the Basics: At the outset, it'scrucial to grasp the basics of English literature. This includes comprehension of literary genres such as poetry, prose, drama, and fiction. Each genre presents its own unique characteristics and methods of expression, providing students with a diverse range of literary forms to explore.2. Exploring Literary Elements: English literature encompasses a variety of literary elements that contributeto the richness of texts. These elements include plot, character, setting, theme, and symbolism. Understanding how these elements interact within a narrative framework enhances students' ability to analyze and appreciateliterary works.3. Developing Analytical Skills: Analytical skills are paramount in the study of English literature. Studentslearn to critically evaluate texts, discern underlying themes and messages, and interpret the intentions of authors. Through close reading and thoughtful analysis,they gain insight into the complexities of human nature and society as depicted in literature.4. Appreciating Cultural Context: Literature serves asa reflection of the cultural milieu in which it is produced. Through the study of English literature, students gain insight into different historical periods, societal norms, and cultural movements. They learn to contextualizeliterary works within their historical and culturalsettings, fostering a deeper appreciation for the diversity of human experiences.5. Fostering Language Skills: English literature provides a fertile ground for the development of language skills. Reading a wide array of texts exposes students to diverse vocabulary, sentence structures, and stylistic techniques. Additionally, engaging in literary analysis and expression through writing helps students refine their communication skills and express their ideas with clarity and precision.6. Cultivating Empathy and Insight: Literature has the power to foster empathy and broaden one's perspective. Through encountering characters from different backgrounds and experiences, students develop empathy and understanding for the complexities of the human condition. They also gain insight into universal themes such as love, loss, courage, and resilience, which resonate across cultures and time periods.In conclusion, the study of English literature in thefirst year of middle school lays the foundation for alifelong journey of literary exploration and appreciation. By understanding the basics, exploring literary elements, developing analytical skills, appreciating cultural context, fostering language skills, and cultivating empathy and insight, students embark on a transformative journey that enriches their intellectual and emotional lives. As they delve deeper into the vast expanse of English literature, they will continue to discover new treasures of wisdom, beauty, and meaning.。

关于英美文学论文范文英美文学经历了很长的历史时期,并且每一个历史时期都有其著名的代表作和作品,成为了世界文学史上的宝贵的财富。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英美文学论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英美文学论文范文篇1浅谈英美文学的翻译方法在过去的英美文学的学习过程之中，我们通常将我们的著作划分成美国文学和英国的文学。

然而两部分文学著作，又需要从不同的时期写出不同年代的故事，我们所学习的欣赏是从流派的代表作和作家入手，分为文学著作，文学的派别以及文学潮流，对于英美文学的赏析，作品是相当的多，我们只能够挑选出作品简略阐释。

随着我国社会经济的发展，一些“实用性”课程的出现，其地位逐渐被边缘化。

面对当前的形势，作者试图从兴趣着手，结合教学实践，对文学课教学内容与教学方法的改革谈谈看法。

译者的文化选择与其采取的翻译策略是密切相关的，由于受主体文化的影响，许多译者大都有意无意间认同主体文化并采取一定的策略实现自己的文化选择。

关键词：高校英语专业、英美文学课、教学内容、教学方法根据美学的观点，任何作家的创作都有其隐含的读者，英国文艺理论家伊格尔顿也有类似的观点，“接受是作品自身的构成部分，每部文学作品的构成都出于对其潜在可能的读者的意识，……作品的每一种姿态里都含蓄地暗示着它所期待的那种接受者。

在大学中我们学习到的英美文学课程，是我们高校英语中非常重要的课程，要培养学生的阅读还有写作能力的，了解英语文学的能力，去了解一下文学的知识还有方法，通过阅读的形式了解东西方文化的差异，提高学生们的语言功力，提高学生的理解能力。

随着我们语言学习能力的提高，我们学习的课程多方面的出现，这使得文学课程逐渐的边缘化。

如何才能够在当今的学习中立于不败之地，我认为，提高学生们的兴趣是非常重要的，吸引学生的注意力，才可以提高们的兴趣，因为兴趣可以带领我们走的很远。

因此，带着兴趣学习，针对如下的几个问题，讲述一下自己的观点。

一、教学内容英美文学的学习，主要由两个大部分构成主要内容，一部分是英美国文学作品，另一部分是英美国文学历史。

apa格式英文论文范文英语论文的写作，主要用于参加国际学术研讨会，促进中外学术文化交流;下面小编给大家分享一些apa格式英文论文范文，大家快来跟小编一起欣赏吧。

apa格式英文论文范文篇一The Analysis of Angel Clare’s Tragedy in Tess of The D’urbervilles中文摘要：文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子，反映了生活的方方面面。

越来越多的学者开始从文学的角度研究一个国家的经济，政治和文化根源。

悲剧是小说创作的手法之一。

西方早在古希腊时期就有了悲剧创作。

悲剧不是简单的艺术形式或艺术技巧，而是对现实社会的特征的再现，它可以通过尖锐、激烈的事件展示令人怜悯、悲痛、同情、哭泣等的情节。

英国著名作家托马斯•哈代是维多利亚时期著名的小说家之一。

他塑造了许多悲剧人物，展现出各种人物魅力。

小说除了给人以命运悲剧庄严凝重以外，还蕴涵了作者深厚的理性主义，蕴涵了对人类历史逻辑矛盾深邃反思的社会悲剧。

哈代的悲剧小说《德伯家的苔丝》真实地反映了其当时的社会现实。

小说成功地塑造了女主人苔丝的形象，无情地揭露了资产阶级社会虚伪的伦理道德。

本文试从男主人公安琪儿•克莱尔的社会背景和人物心理两个方面，探讨导致其悲剧的成因。

关键词：托马斯•哈代悲剧安琪尔•克莱尔Abstract: Literature is a mirror of real life which can reflect all aspects of people’s lives. More and more scholars ha ve begun to study a country from the roots of economy, politics and culture. As early as ancient Greece, there were some creations of tragedy. Tragedy is a kind of literary creation, which is not a simple artistic form or technique but the repeat of real society. It can depict the piteous, sad, distressing and sentimental plots by describing some tortuous or complicated events. The British famous writerThomas Hardy was one of the excellent novelists of the Victorian age. He delineated a lot of characters of tragedies, showing various persons’ enchantment. Besides providing the dignity of life tragedy to the readers, the novels contains the profound rationalism of the writer and Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’urbervilles reflected his real society. Hardy succe eded in portraying the image of heroine Tess and revealing the hypocritical ethics and morals of bourgeois society. This paper will discuss the causes of Clare’s tragedy from the hero –Angel Clare’s social background and psychology.Key words: Thomas Hardy, tragedy, Angel ClareChapter1 IntroductionLiterature is not only an art but also a mirror of real life. When studying a literary work, scholars actually study history. Nowadays an increasing number of scholars have begun to study the history of a count ry’s economic, political and cultural forms from the perspective of literature because through different kinds of literary works, we can see all sorts of feelings such as joy, anger, sorrow and various truths. The manifestation of literature is manifold, one of which is tragedy. The writers often want to show the piteous, sad, distressing and sentimental plots by describing some tortuous or complicated events. In the tragedy, it is inevitable that the heroes or heroines should suffer a setback or disadvantage, cover themselves in dishonor, experience tribulation or even fail or die though they have reasonable motivation, wishes, ideal, or passion which may indicate a victory or success. But finally they will either die or get mad. With a bad ending, tragedy often contains a certain philosophy of life . There are lots of tragedies in western literature such asOedipus, Prometheus Bound, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Faust, etc. And the famous tragedians are also legion like Aeschylus, Sophocles, Shakespeare, etc –Thomas Hardy for one. He was a prolific and excellent writer, publishing fourteen novels and four volumes of short stories. His works were noted for the intense tragic spirit and sense of fortune, from which we can feel the atmosphere of tragedy brought by fortune deeply.“Tess of the D’urbervilles” is one of the Hardy’s tragedies, a masterpiece which brought him into a number of literary critics notice. It reflected the writer’s real society and its social system and morals; therefore studying this novel can help us to know about the history of his age. But many papers showed that most of critics used to research the writing background from the tragedy of Tess. Many scholars have always put emphasis on the tragedy of Tess for a long time. Only a few scholars made researches for the tragedy of its hero Angel Clare. He was a contradictory unity –he was bold in struggling with the traditional view but in the meantime he could not break the shackles of feudal ideas. This paper will see the society from this perspective –Angel Clare, the hero’s tragedy and discuss the causes of Clare’s tragedy from his social background and psychology.Chapter2 A brief account of Tess of The D’urbervillesIt seems that the fictional works do not concern with the real world. But we know that before the writers begin to create their works, it can be said that their social experience may be their primary material for creation. Some writers created the roles and environments in order to revolt against the worldly prejudice of their ages. These kinds of words are expected to tell people the truth of a society. In many cases, the social background of thenovel is the writer’s background. Before analyzing the roots of Clare’s tragedy, this paper will discuss two aspects of this no vel, namely “the writing background” and “the writer and his works” from which we can see the background of this novel.2.1 The writing backgroundThomas Hardy was the last important novelist of the Victoria ages. The Victorian age was an age of realism rather than of romanticism –a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are. Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represented the reality and spirit of this age which was the great age of the English novel—realistic, thickly plotted, crowded with characters, and long. Hardy, who also shown the truth of this age had a high place in Western literature which came from the agitation of life and fatalism of human being. His tragedies in the history of Western literature were no an accident for the tragedy consciousness. Hardy’s tragic novels has sprung from and developed this tragic idea in form and connotation. The tragedy consciousness in Hardy’s novels originated from Western traditional tragic spirit which was full of rationalism and profound reflection on the contradictions of human society. And it also revealed an ineluctable and inevitable conditionality of fate. That is to say, the heroes or heroines would slip into the tragic path of life in the end in Western literature no matter whether they liked or not, or where they hided. Tragedy was their final arrangement.Thomas Hardy studied Greek tragedies and Shakespearean tragedies all his life. And he was deeply influenced by Schopenhauer’s tragedy cons ciousness. Schopenhauer was a famous philosopher who believed that life was a tragedy –life wasfilled with desire. If a person had a desire but could not gain his desires, he would feel painful; however, when he could gain his desires, he would become insipid. This was another torment. Schopenhauer grouped tragedy into three types: the tragedy caused by those who committed heinous crimes, the tragedy led by the irony of fate and the tragedy caused by misunderstanding and distrust between persons in everyday life. In his opinion, the last tragedy was the most terrible one which we can see in Hardy’s works. Hardy began to creating the novels in the early 1870s. In the late 1890s, he turned to write poetry. The Britain in this period was undergoing a transition period from laisser-faire capitalism to imperialism. The capitalism thought that the social system of this periodcould not be changed. But Hardy’s works exactly clashed with it, which reflected the tremendous changes of society due to the invasion of industrial capital to the village. With one remark he had ripped away the mask of British society.2.2 The writer Thomas Hardy and his workLiterature is reflection of life. Almost all writers created their novels according to his social background. We can see many literary works written on the basis of their ages. They wanted to bring out the social facts by their works. It should be such a free way that they could rebuke the dark society. People can feel the society of the writers from their works and then identified with the writers. The writers hoped that they could let the people know the dark aspects of the government and then fine an echo from them by their works. To some extent, a novel should be a history. From the introduction of Thomas Hardy and the main content of Tess of The D’urbervilles must be helpful to show us the background of Clare’s tragedy.2.1.1 About the writer –Thomas HardyThomas Hardy (1840～1928), born in 1840 near Dorchester, was a famous British poet and novelist. He carried forward and developed the literary traditions of the Victorian age. He vividly and truthfully described the tragic plots in his works. The critics of literature called him “Shakespeare of British novels”. Hardy was born into an architect’s family and was expected to become an architect. He trained as an architect and worked in London and Dorset for ten years. Hardy began his writing career as a novelist, publishing Desperate Remedies in 1871, and was soon successful enough to leave the field of architecture for writing.Hardy was pessimistic in his view of life. The dominant theme of his novels is the futility of man’s effort to struggle against cruel and unintelligible fate, chance, and circumstances, which are all predestined by the Immanent Will. He bravely challenged many of the sexual and religious conventions of the Victorian age. And he exposed the hypocritical morals, laws and religions of capital. Hardy’s works reflected the tremendous changes and people’s miserable lives especially the women’s lives in soc ial economic, politics, morals, custom, etc after the invasion of industrial capital to the British villages. Moreover, where we see Hardy's real mastery is the difference in the language of people from the social classes (e.g. the Clare’s in contrast with the farm workers’). He was good at viewing life with a tragic light. “Tess of The D’urbervilles” was his masterpiece which was noted by lots of critics of different periods.2.1.2 The main content of Tess of The D’urbervillesTess of The D’urbervilles cam e into conflict with Victorian morality. In this novel, Hardy reaches the height of his achievement as a novelist. Like most other Hardy novels, rural lifeis a prominent issue in the story. And the issue of fate versus freedom of action is another important aspect of this novel. It tells of that a village girl called Tess who was a beautiful, pure, plain, honest, assiduous and clever went through a miserable life. She was born in a poor family and lived in a peculiar society. The son of the D’urbervilles A lec raped her and she was pregnant. She fell in love with Angel Clare before long. Clare loved her very much and longed to marry her but she delayed to answer this offer of marriage just because she did not know how to tell the truth of being raped. Despite this, at last this kindhearted and sincere girl decided to tell him this bad thing. However, when Tess told him the truth that she was raped by a knave Alec, he could not forgive her for having another man’s child even tho ugh she forgave him everything. Angel Clare became very angry and abandons Tess. One day she found Alec became a minister. After her father’s death unexpectedly, Tess had the burden of the family welfare on her shoulders, and they were shortly thereafter evicted from their cottage. She believes deep down that Angel had abandoned her, and Alec said it as well, and Tess knew her family would do well by Alec’s wealth and property. But to her surprised, Angel returns from Brazil, repenting his harshness, but found her living with Alec. Tess kills Alec in desperation, she was arrested and hanged. She makes him promise to marry her sister, Liza Lu, after her death, which he agrees to do.In Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy has directly satirized nature. This novel revealed the tragedy of common people’s destiny and flayed hypocritical gentlemen and morals. In this novel, Hardy demonstrated his deep sense of moral sympathy for England's lower classes, particularly for women. Hesucceeded in portraying an artistic image –a village girl with kindness, tenderness and amorousness. The novel, which indicated the tendency of anti-religious sentiments, against feudal morality and the laws of capitalists, was warmly received by the reading public though British upper class was bitter against it.Ch apter3 The origins of Angel Clare’s tragedyTragedy can also be a vision of life, which is shared by most Western cultures and having its roots. The essence of tragedy is almost the same thought different writers create the stories from different points of view and with different techniques. A number of critics had many kinds of interpretations for Angel Clare’s tragedy in Tess of The D’urbervilles. They analyzed his complicated character from different perspectives. This paper will explain his tragedy as the following aspects:3.1 Social rootsHere social roots refer mainly to the social conventions and moral standards which led to Clare’s tragedy. Clare lived in such conditions which the masculine authority played an important role in traditional society. Angel Clare was one of the victims of this society. At that age, women were regarded as being subordinate in the household. The chastity for them is the most important thing. The traditional view on chastity considered a woman’s chastity as the prerogative of her husband. If the women lost her virtue, she must be immoral. On the one hand the male made the moral standards for the female, demanding of the female to be pure and virginal; on the other hand, the male indulged himself in sexual matters. They demanded that the most magnanimous act the female had should be chastity; nevertheless, those who broke the women’s chastity were themales themselves. That is to say, only the males in that society were right. The female could say nothing for his wrong. So Tess asking Clare “Forgive me as you are forgiven! I forgive you. Angel” (Hardy, 1993) would become the impossibility.Under such circumstances, after Tess lost her virginity, she should be Alec’s concubine or make their relationship legalized according to the social bad habits of the time. But T ess, who pursued her innocent love, had rather be “a lady of easy virtue”. In the literature, there was a set form for the images of women, namely, women should be beautiful and virtuous, gentle and biddable, and should cleave to his husband and families. All these sets are related to the real society. Traditionally, a woman must obey her husband like his wretched slave. The description about this age given by Hardy was just the society whose “social morals” had manifested mainly in “chastity” that centered on men. Even if a man of that age was bold in challenging the old system, it was impossible for him to abandon the social morals. In addition, a large part of people around him were still controlled by feudal ideas, so the social roots should be the direct cause of Clare’s tragedy.3.2 Psychological rootsA person’s way of seeing things plays an important role all his life. Hardy naming his hero “Angel” might have his own intent. We know that Angel should be pure; however, from the development of the plot, we can not see “pure” from Angel Clare. Angel Clare was born in a rich pastoral family, but he was unwilling to obey his father and brothers. He did not abide by the old custom and etiquette, and gave a damn for the superior of material things such as wealth and position. He was born andbred the religion. But he thought that he could not honestly be ordained a minister as his brothers were. He took up a disdainful position on the social customs and found the value of working people. He abandoned the chance of studying in university and went to the countryside and to study the agricultural skills. This is sufficient to show that he was bold in struggling with the traditional view and tried to show off the shackles of the class. At the newly-married night, Tess decided to tell him her “guilt” in detail. Angel fell out with Tess and then went to Brazil alone though he had lived a loose life with a woman who was not acquainted with him. He could not forgive Tess her “guilt”. The so-called “pure” in his mind was so ingrained that he could not accept Tess’s past. He considers her as a "fallen women".Clare was also such a man with a ridiculous point that a man could have affair with many girls but a girl must keep to be a virgin before she become a bride. It showed his cowardice in his character. Tess trusted him and made a decision to confide her secret to him. But on the night of their wedding, when Clare learned that Tess was not a virgin and had had a bastard, the original perfect image was suddenly broken by the sad facts. Apparently he said he was deeply attached to Tess, but actually he could not face the truth with courage. He just loved Tess’s pleasing appearance rather than any other things of her. Angel Clare was more or less an open-minded bourgeois intellectual. In love, although he was not as despicable as Alec, he was devoid of selfless and sincere feeling as Tess did. Clare loved Tess just because of her beauty. And she could become his right hand in the futur e.He told Tess: “I repeat, the woman I have been loving is not you. Another woman in your shape.”(Hardy, 1993) Hecould not believe this bad truthe and said “Tess! Say it is not true! No, it is not true!” It is clear that he took a deadly knock psychologi cally. Clare’s character determined his tragedy –he could not accept her past.It is clear that the seeds of tragedy are sown when all the rigid rule of his forebear and the unfair social systems firmly laid hold of Angel Clare, who had preached the liberation of mankind no longer exists. When Clare finally realized the immensity of Tess’s love and the piteous plight it had brought upon her, everything was too late. He could not completely get rid of social conventions and moral standards. Tess would go away forever. It was Clare’s tragedy –the social system and morality and his character decided that it could be inevitable.Chapter4 ConclusionLiterature has come very close to daily life, reflecting its practical problems and interests and is used as a powerful instrument of human progress. Literature originates from life and then reforms life. They can make you subconsciously and deeply believe that all the things they described really happened. After you finish reading, the characters that it depicted will appear vividly in front of you. They are true to life—— you can see their faces and feel their sound, pace and thoughts. With the excellent literary works, we can feel the history vividly. As an important part of literature, tragedy has showed its artistic attraction. The reason why a great number of readers tend to be affected by the plots of tragedies is that some of them had the same or similar experience with the characters in the novels.The western tragedies put emphasis on the soul-stirring spirit from the fear. The strong tragedies can touch the heart ofthe readers. The modern western tragedies represented the life style of modern westerners. They have some characteristics of modern lives and consciousness. Studying on the masterpieces of an age can help a lot for studying its history. Thomas Hardy was born in Victorian age. The novel in this age became the most widely read, the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, the writers of this age shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. In Hardy’s works, man is also shown inevitably bound by his own inherent nature and hereditary characteristics which prompt him to go and search for some specific happiness or success and set him in conflict with the environment. He vividly portrayed different characters of tragedy. Tess of the D’urbervilles was one of his masterpieces. The conflicts between the traditional and the modern, between the old rural value of respectability and honesty can be clearly seen in this novel and it is not difficult to see the roots of this tragedy either from Tess or C lare. This paper analyzed Clare’s tragedy and described the roots of tragedy in this process. A wonderful description is just a part of a novel, but only those things which can strike deep into the minds of the people will be remembered by them. From the tragedy of Angel Clare, we can see the dark of a society again.Bibliography:[1] Abcarian, Richard. Marvin Klotz: Literature—The Human Experience[M]. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000[2] Force, Lorrain.M. Cliffs Notes on Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles[M]. Washington University, 1996.[3] Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the D'Urbervilles[M]. ForeignLanguage Press ,1993.[4] Robert Ackerman. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D'Urbervilles[M]. Beijing: Simon&Schuster Press and Beijing Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1996[5] 马新国主编，2002，西方文论史[M]，北京：高等教育出版社[6] 颜学军，论哈代悲剧小说的现代主题[J]，四川外语学院学报，2001(3)[7] 张谷若译本，1990，德伯家的苔丝[M]，北京：人民文学出版社[8] 朱立元，1997，当代西方文艺理论[M]，上海：华东师大出版社apa格式英文论文范文篇二On Thomas Hardy’s Religious Sense in His Works小议托马斯•哈代作品中体现的宗教观念Abstract: Religion has a profound influence on the works of European and American writers. .From a series works of Thomas Hardy, clearly we can see the influence of The Bible on him .Nevertheless, though Hardy failed to eliminate the limitation of Tragic predestination and religious tradition , By the case study analyzing on the works of Thomas Hardy ,this paper makes an research on the distinguished religious sense of Thomas Hardy as well as its cause of formation.内容摘要：宗教对欧美作家的文学作品有着深远的影响。

英美文学相关论文优秀范文英美文学是世界文学最重要的构成,其对世界文学发展起到最顶级的促进作用。

下文是店铺为大家整理的英美文学相关论文优秀范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英美文学相关论文优秀范文篇1浅谈英美文学中的爱情婚姻观摘要英美文学中描绘爱情和婚姻的小说众多，为世人展示了不同时期、不同地域、不同阶层的人们丰富多彩的爱情和婚姻观。

这些不同的爱情婚姻观既是作品主人公性格的集中体现，也是对人物所处的社会环境和历史背景的深刻剖析。

论文以描写几对不同人物之间波澜不惊的爱情故事闻名于世的经典爱情小说――《傲慢与偏见》为例，来分析作品中倡导的独特的西方爱情婚姻观。

关键词：英美文学《傲慢与偏见》简・奥斯丁爱情婚姻观梁山伯与祝英台凄美的爱情悲剧让我们唏嘘不已，崔莺莺和张生冲破重重障碍最终有情人终成眷属让人为之欣慰，这是中国古典文学名著中的经典爱情故事。

当我们把目光转向英美文学，罗密欧与朱丽叶的忠贞爱情深刻地为我们诠释了爱情的真谛;于连・索雷尔两段截然不同的爱情经历和其最终悲剧性的结局却告诉我们当爱情被虚荣占据后，结果唯有悲剧。

英美文学名著中描写爱情的名家之作非常之多，众多的爱情经典让我们回味无穷，为我们展示了各式各样、色彩纷呈的爱情婚姻观。

正如有多少个读者，就会有多少个不同的哈姆雷特一样，每个读者都会在这些名作中找到自己的影子，产生共鸣。

以下就以《傲慢与偏见》为例，来分析英美文学中各式各样、与众不同的爱情婚姻观。

一《傲慢与偏见》简介及主旨分析英国知名女作家简・奥斯丁(Jane Austen)的代表作《傲慢与偏见》，以日常琐事为事件出发点，运用非常考究的语言，通过对不同人物性格的详实刻画，以及当时处于社会压迫与反抗不同地位的各个阶层间复杂关系的深刻剖析，以现实主义的手法形象、生动地描述了18世纪末-19世纪初饱受封闭守旧思想禁锢下英国乡村的风土人情。

作品中，奥斯丁以其独特的观察力、诙谐幽默的语言，通过对班纳特家的五个女儿及其密友在对待婚姻时的不同抉择，真实地描述了中小地主及资产阶级“绅士”和“淑女”之间荒诞的婚姻与爱情风波，展现了女主人公们在爱情婚姻观方面不断学习、探索和前进的心路历程，继而提出了自己主张“既不赞同为了金钱而结婚，也不认同将婚姻当做儿戏而草率对待”这一鲜明的爱情婚姻立场。

英国文学方面的参考论文例文英美文学从诞生之日起,就在不断的发展之中,具有较高的艺术成就。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英国文学方面的参考论文例文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英国文学方面的参考论文例文篇1论英美文学中典故的英汉翻译摘要：典故作为一种特殊的语言形式，承载了丰富的历史文化遗产，具有浓厚的民族色彩.文章从基本对应，部分对应和不对应三个方面论述了英汉典故的对应关系。

从而得出英语典故翻译的具体原则和方法。

关键词：典故;差异;对应关系典故在英美文学中出现的频率极高。

在给文学语言增加亮丽色彩的同时，也形成了语言翻译的一道特殊障碍。

典故(Allusion)，指诗文中利用神话，寓言，传说，历史故事或历史名人的词语构成的语句。

一、英汉典故的对应情况英汉典故主要来源于神话故事、寓言故事、《圣经》、文学作品莎士比亚戏剧及一些民间文学。

典故有如此多的差异，能否互译两种语言，典故间的对应情况值得注意。

英汉典故在文化内涵方面可分为基本对应，部分对应和不对应三个方面：1 基本对应指英语典故与对应的汉语典故的意义和用法上都基本一致，有可能互译，基本对应不是对等，两者仍有差异，但总的说还可以互译。

例如：burn one’s boat与“破釜沉舟” burn one’s boat来源：古时候从海路入侵外国的将军，到达彼岸后把他的船只弄上沙滩，放火烧掉，以此向士兵指明后路已断，不可能退却。

“破釜沉舟”出自《史记项羽本纪》项羽乃悉引兵渡河，皆沉船，破釜甑，烧庐舍，持三日粮，以示士卒必死，无一还。

这两个典故不仅形象寓意相似，人们还认为他们的典故也相同。

2 部分对应指英语典故在意义上或用法上与汉语典故有不一致的地方，但仍存在共同点，所以说两者只是部分对应，在某些情况下仍可以互译，翻译时要根据上下文灵活运用。

例如： the touch of Midas与“点铁成金” the touch of Midas出自希腊神话：酒神巴克科斯(Bacchus)报答弗利治亚(Phrygia)国王迈达斯(Mides)赋予他神力可以把接触的东西变成金子，他接触到的食物和他的女儿都变成了金子，他害怕了，只好求巴克科斯解除他这种神力。

英文文学批评写作范文English: Literary criticism is an essential component of understanding and interpreting works of English literature. Through the process of examination, analysis, and evaluation, literary critics are able to uncover the deeper meanings and themes within a text. In their writing, literary critics often employ various critical theories and methodologies, such as feminist criticism, psychoanalytic criticism, and postcolonial criticism, to provide a well-rounded interpretationof a work. Additionally, literary criticism serves as a platform for scholarly discourse, allowing for dialogue and debate on the significance and impact of literary works. Ultimately, the work of literary critics contributes to a richer and more nuanced understanding of English literature, enhancing the appreciation and study of literary works for readers and scholars alike.中文翻译: 文学批评是理解和解释英语文学作品的重要组成部分。

英语论文范文篇一：英文论文范例CONTENTS（以上字体Times New Roman, 小3号；加粗）（以下字体均为：Times New Roman；小4号；行距：1.5倍） ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Abstract (in English) (1)Abstract (inChinese) (1)Ⅰ Introduction (1)1.1Multi-Media With Erroneous Zones (1)1.1.1 Erroneous Zone 1 (2)1.1.2 Erroneous Zone 2 (2)1.1.3 Erroneous Zone 3 (2)1.1.4 Erroneous Zone 4 (3)ⅡCountermeasures (3)2.1 UnsuitableOperation (4)2.2 Over stimulation In Courseware (4)2.3 Vague Content with AutomaticalTransformatio n (5)2.4 Neglect Of Teachers’Function (5)ⅢConclusion…………………………………………………………………………. .63.1 Prospect in English Teaching (6)3.2 Personal Opinions of Further Research (6)BIBLIOGRAPHY (7)DECLARATIONDiscussion on the Application of Multi-mediaIn English Teaching（字体：Times NewAbstract: With the rapid development of computer and popularization of the network, the present teaching pattern that still uses traditional teaching method “one chalk, one blackboard” seems to be unable to meet the requirements in the present society any longer, and English teaching is no exception. The introduction of the multi-media teaching method to the English class has been one of the tendencies to the development of English teaching. But the misuse of the modern tools will surely result in the bad effect to English teaching. So English teachers should take an active part in the research of how to use the multi-media teaching method in English teaching and try to avoid its misuses.Key words: multi-media; English teaching; overcome（英文摘要和关键词都是两边对齐；5号字；行距：单倍；字体：Times New Roman；“Abstract” 和“Key words” 两个词或词组要加粗）（关键词之间用分号隔开；词与词之间相隔一个英文字符）（空一行）摘要：随着电脑和网络的迅速发展，那种“一盒粉笔，一块黑板”的传统教学模式的应用已远远不能满足现代社会对教学的需要。