2020高考英语动词时态语态复习
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(一)动词的时态
时态动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。
1、一般现在时的用法(do/does)
1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day, sometimes, every week/year, twice aweek 等时间状语。例如:
a. He goes to school every day.
b. He is very happy.
c.The earth moves around the sun.
2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。例如:
a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.
b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.
3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定, 按时间表要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如:
a. the meeting begins at seven.
b. the rain starts at nine in the morning.
4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。
a. i like english very much.
b. the story sound very interesting.
5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
2.一般过去时的用法(did)
1)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。常与yesterday,the other day, ….ago, in the past, in +过去时间(1998)。
a. he saw mr. wang yesterday.
b. he worked in a factory in 1986.
2)表示过去经常发生的动作
也可用“used to “和“would + 动词原形”。
I used to smoke.
During the vacation i would swim in the sea.
注:”used to “表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。
3.一般将来时的用法(shall/will do)
一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或 shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打
算进行的事。
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
2)“be to + 动词原形”表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow.
Are we to go on with this work?
3) “be about to + 动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,意为 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。 we are about to leave.
4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。i’m leaving for beijing.
5) 某些动词(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般现在时也可表示将来。
The meeting starts at five o’clock.
He gets off at the next stop.
4. 过去将来时的用法(would do)
过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
They were sure that they would succeed.
5.现在进行时的用法(am/is/ are doing)
1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,
What are you doing?
2)表示某种感情色彩“总是” eg. You are always watching TV.
6.过去进行时的用法(was/were doing)
1)过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作, In 1980 he was studying in a university.
He was reading a novel when I came in.
He was watvign Tv at this time yesterday.
7. 将来进行时(will be doing)
表将来某一时刻,某一段时间正在进行的动作。
Eg. I will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.
8. 现在完成时(have/has done):
1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。
He has gone to fuzhou.
He has been to fuzhou.
2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去常用 for 和since表示一段时间的状语或so far , now, today, this week (month, year ,), in the past 3 years等表示包括现在内的状语。
He has studied english for 5 years.
He has studied english since 1985.