虚拟语气与倒装句
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语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气,它不表示客观存在。
一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法
常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如:
Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁!
be happy! 快乐!
have a good time! 玩得愉快! succeed!
成功! make progress! 进步!
二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法:
1. 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法
如果我是你,我会接受邀请的。
If I had time,I would go there.
如果我有空,我就去那儿。
如果你早点来,你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
如果他昨天见到了你,他就会还你的书的。
例如:If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨,运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。)
If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.
万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
4) i f 的省略
如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词,可将if 省略,而把were,had 或should
置于句首,来表达以if 引导的条件句的相同意思。
例如:Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
5)条件句或主句的省略
当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候,表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略,以避免重复。
例如:——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday?
——I would/should have,but I was too busy then.
May you 祝你
I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.(后面省略了if you had liked it.)
6)混合时间条件句与主句
条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差,应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。
例如:If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.
7)含蓄条件句与主句
即用without(=but for),or(else)代替if 从句。
例如:Without/But for his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress.
=If his help,we wouldn t have made such great progress.
2.在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中用法:
在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如:
The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.
注:as if/as though 从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大,就要用正常时态来描绘。例如:It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。(下雨的可能性很大。)
3.在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法:
1) 在wish 后的宾语从句中的用法:
A .与过去事实相反的愿望:宾从谓语为“had done ”形式。例如:I wish I had passed yesterday s exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。
B .与现在事实相反的愿望:宾从谓语为“did ”形式。例如:He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.
C .表示将来愿望:宾从谓语用“would/could do ”形式。例如:How I wish I would go abroad next year!
2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist 等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语为“(should) do ”形式。例如:I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/
insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
3)在“It is (about/high) time +that 从句”结构中,that 从句的谓语用一般过去
时或“should do ”形式。例如:It is high time he 他该开始了。
4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法:在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,
advice 等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语用“(should) do ”形式。例如:
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.
虚拟语气考点分析
1.——Alice,why didn t you come yesterday?
——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)
A.had
B.would
C.was going to
D.did
析:此题A 、D 明显不合上下文,因为乙方没有去。B 选项若为would have 则成立,可以理解为I would have come if I hadn t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to 可得体地表达“我原本打算去的,但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。
there hadn t been we hadn t got started. should start.