2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧
专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段
特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。
一．重点突出的强调句型
（一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。
It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达)
在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤：
1.在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等；
2.根据句子的时态确定is或was；
3.然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。
例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness.
如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在it was后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到：
It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
（二）强调句常用句式
1. It is/was + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分
It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面
表达)
It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达)
2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分
Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects?
3.特殊疑问词+ is/was it + 被强调的部分+ 句子其它成分
When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?
4.It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分
It wasn’t until he went through real hardship that he realized the love for a family counts.
5.注意：强调谓语动词时，可以用助动词do/does/did
We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future. (2015年北京高考)二．平衡句子的倒装句型
英语书面表达中的倒装举行主要包括部分倒装和全倒装。一般应用文、议论文、故事续写和文章概写都可使用倒装句型，可以使句子更为生动和高级。考生平时应多注意和练习以下句型。
1.“only + 状语”置于句首时，句子需要使用部分倒装。
We can help to construct an energy-saving society only with joint efforts.
Only with joint efforts can we help to construct an energy-saving society.
2.none, neither, nor, never, hardly, scarcely, barely, little, seldom等否定词或at no time, in no way,
under no circumstances, by no means, not until, not only, not a single word等表示否定意义的
短语放于句首时，句子也要部分倒装。
①. He not only made a promise, but also he kept it.
Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it.
②. We had no sooner arrived at the activity center than we signed up for the Walking Contest.
No sooner had we arrived at the activity center than we signed up for the Walking Contest.
3.在so/such…that…结构中，当so/such…位于句首时，后面的从句需要考虑使用倒装。
①. We are so eager to win the game that we should prepare for it.
So eager to win the game are we that we should prepare for it. (2019全国一卷书面表达)
②. He drove so carelessly that he almost killed himself.
So carelessly did he drive so carelessly that he almost killed himself.
4.as表示尽管时，后面的形容词、名词、副词等成分必须置前；though在这种情况下，是否倒
装都可以。
Though/Although/While he was, he still went on with his farm work.
Exhausted as/though he was, he still went on with his farm work.
5.虚拟语气条件句中的“Were/Should/Had I…”倒装句式
①. Looking back, I feel I wouldn’t be able to ride a bike if I had lost heart.
Looking back, I feel I wouldn’t be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.
②. If I were two years younger, I would do something.
Were I two years younger, I would do something.
6.以副词there, here, away, down, off, in, out等副词或者in the room, on the wall等介词短语为首
时，后面的主语为名词时，需要用全倒装；主语若为人称代词，则不用倒装。
①. Here are some relevant details about it. (2018年全国二卷书面表达)
②.The door opened and in came Mr. Wang.
③. In front of the school stands the hospital.
三．委婉动听的虚拟语气
在书面表达中，运用高阶语法虚拟语气需要注意表达的准确性。如果表达不太真实的条件或者表达要求、愿望、强调论述观点的客观性时，考生可以借助虚拟语气，使书面表达更为精彩。
陈述语气变虚拟语气：
①. I didn’t take his advice, so I failed in the exam.
If I had taken his advice, I wouldn’t have failed in the exam.
②. It’s time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.
It’s time that we took measures to protect endangered animals.
写作中常见的虚拟语气句式：
1.If 虚拟语气，与过去、现在、将来相反
If I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends. (2014安徽高考书面表达)
2.…wish…would/had done/were/did… 希望/但愿……
I wish there wouldn’t be too many students in a class.
3.…as if/as though…与过去现在相反，表示“好像”
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if they had just happened.
4.If only I could/did/had done…我要是……就好了
If only I could go back and reset my goals. (2015重庆高考书面表达)
5.It’s (high/about) time (that)…did/should do…是时候……
It’s high time that both children and parents took action to make some changes.
6.should have done本应该做；shouldn’t have done 本不应该做
I shouldn’t have left Tom. (2016浙江高考书面表达)
7.suggest, propose, order, advise, insist, demand等宾语从句中的虚拟语气(should) do…
To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you practice with Chinese people. (2015四川高考书面
表达)
8.without/but for/but that…含蓄型虚拟语气，表“要不是……”
Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
提升训练
一．句子综合训练。根据要求完成下列句子。
1.I didn’t realize the mistake until I grow up. (用强调句强调状语)
__________________________________________________________
2.The children can grow up to be mentally and physically healthy only in this way.(倒装句)
__________________________________________________________
3.That we love peace is known to all. (变为it引导的形式主语)
___________________________________________________________
4.Though our country is rich, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.（将从句倒装）
__________________________________________________________
5.You should try to find a better way. Then you will make greater progress.(改为祈使句)
__________________________________________________________
6.We should take some measures. That is necessary.(改为It is +adj….结构)
__________________________________________________________
7.I was busy working. At that time, my uncle came.(用when连接两个分句)
__________________________________________________________
8.Just when the performances was over, we left the theatre.(用the moment连接两个分句)
__________________________________________________________
9.Your performance was wonderful. I was deeply impressed.(用so…that…连接句子)
__________________________________________________________
10.The technology is developing quickly. We can live longer in the future.(用with结构连接句子)
__________________________________________________________
11.He won the game. We were very surprised. (用what引导的主语从句)
__________________________________________________________
12.He didn’t realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games until he failed in the
exam.(用倒装句)
__________________________________________________________
13.I haven’t time, so I will not attend your party.(用if虚拟语气改写)
__________________________________________________________
14.His poems not only have a strong influence on Chinese literature, but also they have been
translated into many foreign languages. (not only放句首倒装)
__________________________________________________________
15.We really look forward to your participation because it’s a good chance for you to learn the natural
knowledge of China. (强调状语)
__________________________________________________________
16.We spend the time and energy on the present that makes it valuable rather than the money we pay.
(强调宾语)
____________________________________________________________
17.Look at the terrible situation I’m in. I didn’t take your advice. (用should have虚拟语气改写)
____________________________________________________________
18.It was pity that I didn’t follow your advice. (用if only 虚拟语气改写)
____________________________________________________________
19.A group of young men rushed out, still discussing the performance with great enthusiasm. (用倒
装句改写)
____________________________________________________________
20.You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you wherever you are. (用倒装句
改写)
____________________________________________________________
题目一
【答案】
1. It was not until I grow up that I realized the mistake．
2. Only in this way can the children grow up to be mentally and physically healthy.
3. It is known to all that we love peace.
4. Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
5. Try to find a better way and you will make greater progress.
6. It is necessary that we should take some measures.
7. I was busy working when my uncle came.
8. We left the theatre the moment the performances was over.
9. Your performance was so wonderful that I was deeply impressed.
10. With the technology developing quickly, we can live longer in the future.
11. What surprised us so much was that he won the game.
12. Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.
13. If I had time, I would attend your party.
14. Not only do his poems have a strong influence on Chinese literature, but also they have been translated into many foreign languages.
15. It is because it’s a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China that we really look forward to your participation
16. It is the time and energy we spend on the present that makes it valuable rather than the money we pay.
17. Look at the terrible situation I’m in. I should have taken your advice.
18. If only I had followed your advice.
19. Out rushed a group of young men, still discussing the performance with great enthusiasm.
20. So kind and considerate are you that we hope to be friends with you wherever you are.
二．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。请尽量使用各种句式技巧。
Steve was the most amazing person in all of Minneapolis, and he was my cousin. By the age of 19, Steve was a star baseball player at the University of Minnesota. I wanted to be exactly like him. So when Steve asked me to go with him on a spring fishing trip in northern Minnesota, I was excited!
After planning the trip, we gathered clothes and supplies, and began our great adventure.
We reached the Superior National Forest in northern Minnesota by early evening. On our way to the campsite, Steve pointed to a small house faraway in one of the mountains, saying that it was the ranger station (护林站) where the forester worked.
Finally, after a long walk, we reached the campsite and set up the camp as the sun was setting. Steve knew all the tricks of an experienced wilderness camper. After we gathered enough wood from the forest, he started the campfire using only stone and steel —no
matches. For supper we feasted on freeze-dried beef, wild rice and pea soup. I ate greedily after all that work.
Tired enough, we climbed into our sleeping bags early and talked about our plans for fishing the next day. We were still talking quietly when a sudden north wind picked up; the temperature dropped and it began to snow. Steve found a way to increase the temperature inside the tent. He dragged a log (原木) from the forest to the opposite side of the campfire. Then he wrapped aluminum foil (铝箔) around the log. The heat from the fire reflected off the foil and into the tent. Soon images of lake fish were filling my dreams.
The snow had stopped, but sometime later a powerful wind must have kicked up the flames of our dying fire. I was abruptly awakened by Steve. Our tent was on fire. Frightened, I ran out of the tent immediately. The tent collapsed with Steve inside. Without any thought of endangering myself, I reached into the burning tent and pulled him to the icy la ke. Fortunately, we were not seriously hurt.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Later, as we stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we considered our difficult situation.
Paragraph 2:
Suddenly, we heard a noise in the forest.___________________________________
题目二
【答案】
One possible version:
Later, as we stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we considered our difficult situation. Our campsite was in the deep of the forest, really far away from the highway. We were in the middle of nowhere, wearing only underwear, with our supplies burnt into ashes, including our cellphones. Even Steve was unsure what to do next. The only thing we could do was just sitting in the cold air and wondering how to get out of the forest.
Suddenly, we heard a noise in the forest. Anxiously we listened and stared into the darkness. A jeep appeared. A forester had spotted the light from the fire and had come to have a check. Into the warm vehicle jumped Steve and so did I. Then the forester drove us to the ranger station, where we were given clothes and were able to call our parents. Steve and I had many more camping adventures from then on, but it was on this trip that Steve began to treat me more like a friend and equal, rather than a younger cousin. Our friendship has continued to this day.
丰富写作细节的技巧手段
近几年随着高考新写作概写和续写的引入，书面表达的开放性也越来越大。如果只是做一些简单机械的翻译或者忙乱无章地套用模版，不仅字数可能不够，而且会让文章读起来空洞生硬。因此考生平时在训练书面表达时，需要积累写作材料，学会在逻辑合理的情况下适当地充实细节内容。一篇优秀的书面表达，不仅要做到把话写清楚说明白、把意思清晰完整地表达、注意行文之间的连贯和过渡外，还要用之前章节所讲的内容技巧对文章进行润色和加工，这样就会展现考生良好的遣词造句的能力。以下是常见的几种丰富语言细节的方法：
(一). 追加成分, 丰满文句
要点基础上是当地增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语、状语、非谓语、独立主格等结构。这些可以帮助考生更清晰、准确地表达主题。这里列举例子一二。具体写作技巧的运用请详见本专题的前几期学案。以下的例子学生们可以先自己尝试丰富细节，再看参考答案。
1.添加修饰
例1：I will take part in some social activities.
→If possible, I will take part in some social activities so that I can get more familiar with the society. (添加状语从句)
例2：I suggest that the teacher should choose more English films.
→As a young student, I suggest that the teacher should pick out more English films that appeal to us teenagers, thus making English learning more amusing. (添加定语从句和非谓语动词)例3：Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you. (2018北京高考书面表达)
→Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you, where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and abundant culture. (添加定语从句)
例4：Undoubtedly, it’s easy for me to communicate with foreigners. (2018浙江高考书面表达)→There is no doubt that there is not any problem for me to communicate with foreigners. (添加同位语从句)
2.变换句式
例1：The quality of life has improved and we regarded watching films as a good means of entertainment.(2017江苏高考书面表达)
→The quality of life has improved and we regarded watching films as a good means of entertainment. (主动变被动)
例2：According to the school, a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show. (2017全国二卷书面表达)
→It’s said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.(it作形式主语)
例3：The moment when I asked them to have a try themselves came next. (2018北京高考书面表达)→Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. (倒装句)例4：I’ve learned how to balance study with life with the help of my teachers.
→It’s with the help of my teachers that I’ve learned how to balance study with life. (强调句)
(二). 补加语句，充实内容
根据行文走向，是当地增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既能起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助内容的消化。
1.列举具体的事例来补充说明
例1：I like sports very much.
→I am keen on sports, such as basketball and football.
例2：We teenagers should try to protect the environment and save the earth.
→We teenagers should try to protect the environment and save the earth. For example, we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic ones, refuse disposable products, plant more trees and
save water and energy.
2.添加与所给信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写和写作背景等内容
例1：After supper, the man went to his bedroom.
→After a rich meal, the fat man slowly made his way to his bedroom. (神态、动作)例2：I went swimming in the river west of the village now and then.
→I went swimming in the river west of the village now and then. The water in the river was very crystal clear. (背景渲染)
例3：I found some bad behavior.
→I was quite disappointed to find some disgusting behavior. (心理)
3.结尾发挥，表达你的感受、评价、愿望、倡议等。
例1：While I stood all the way home, I felt very content with what I did.
例2：From my perspective, such activities are necessary and rewarding.
例3：Additionally, if she’d like to learn Chinese, I will be more than delighted to give her
assistance.
例4：With everyone’s contributions, we can turn our school into a comfortable learning
environment.
(三). 添加过渡，行文流畅
根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡词或过渡句可以避免写作结构松散、条理不清、语言不畅等弊端，还可以使文章会燃一体，从而提升表达的层次。具体详见本专题学案（五）。
例1：The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was incredible.
例2：However, not until the match was over did I realize that we became the loser.
例3：On the one hand, I can earn some money by doing it to assist my parents, and on the other hand,
I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.
例4：As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they can’t think independently or creatively.
(四). 学用修辞，彰显雅致
除了一些较难的高级句式外，也可以通过修辞法来表达精彩的句子。运用简单的修辞，可增加句子的优雅性。写作中常用的修辞法有比喻、拟人、排比、委婉等。
1.比喻
Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
The world is a stage. All men and women are merely players.
2.拟人
Her name escaped me.
The year 2008 saw numerous great events.
3.排比
In order to get her to recover as soon as possible, I took good care of her by helping her take some
medicine, putting cold towel on her forehead, and preparing meals for her.
He was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to prepare for the exam, completed
his homework carelessly and lacked motivation.
4.委婉
Nelson Mandela passed away on December 15th, 2013.
续写、丰富下列句子
1.although the weather was perfect
_______________________________________________________________
2.when they would begin to recycle cans and bottles
_______________________________________________________________
3.after we finished writing our term papers
_______________________________________________________________
4.since he was eighteen years ago
_______________________________________________________________
5.while we took a swim
_______________________________________________________________
6.because the job offered a good salary
_______________________________________________________________
7.unless you finish your homework
_______________________________________________________________
8.before she became a teacher
_______________________________________________________________
9.the thief stole in to the hall
_______________________________________________________________
10.The exhibition will be beneficial to us
_______________________________________________________________【答案】略。开放性答案。
2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧 专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段 特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。 一．重点突出的强调句型 （一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。 It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达) 在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤： 1.在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等； 2.根据句子的时态确定is或was； 3.然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。 例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. 如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在it was后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到： It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. （二）强调句常用句式 1. It is/was + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面 表达) It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达) 2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects? 3.特殊疑问词+ is/was it + 被强调的部分+ 句子其它成分 When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? 4.It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分
倒装句 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
虚拟语气的几个常见句型 河北安新中学田姝晨 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。常见的用法有以下几种： 一. if 引导的虚拟语气 1. 表示与现在事实相反或假设的情况 If I were you，I would take his advice. 如果我是你，我就会接受他的建议。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会有生命。 2. 表示与过去事实相反或假设的情况 If I had got there earlier, I could have met her.如果我早一点到那的话就能见到她了。 If he had followed my advice, he would not have made such a big mistake. 如果他听了我的话，他就不会犯这么大的错误了。 3. 表示与将来事实相反或假设的情况 If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it should rain tomorrow our picnic would be put off. If it were to rain tomorrow our picnic would be put off. 如果明天下雨，我们的野餐将要被推迟了。 注意：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词是had, were 或should 时，可以将if 省略并把had, were或should提前。如：
倒装句练习 1. So fast_______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. does light travel C. travels light D. has light travelled 2.That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and______________. A. so are her supervisors B. either are her supervisors C. neither are her supervisors D. so her supervisors are 3.______ the door than somebody started knocking on it. A. I had closed no sooner B. I had no sooner closed C. No sooner have I closed D. No sooner I closed 4.Is this beautiful? Yes, it is. ________. A. Rarely before have I seen this B. Rarely I have seen this before
C. Rarely have I seen before this D. Rarely have I seen this before 5._____but he also proved himself a good athlete. A. He showed himself not only a good student B. Not only did he show himself a good student C. He showed not only himself a good student D. Not only he showed himself a good student 6.Nowhere else along the coast____ such shallow water so far from land. A. is there B. there is C. it is D. is 7._____did we try to persuade her to give up her plan. A. In failure B. With no result C. In vain D. With no end 8.______I couldn’t lift the box. A. As I might try
倒装共分两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是指将全部谓语动词都放在主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词,系动词或情态动词放在主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其放在主语之前。 A全部倒装：把全部谓语放在主语前。 1there be句型(特殊的全部倒装句型) There are bloody contents, violence and pornography in the Internet. 2 there \ here \ now \ then放在句首时，句子进行全部倒装。 Now is the time to take action. 3方位状语开头时，句子进行全部倒装。 In books are embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages. 4主语与表语互换位置(当主语过长而表语过短时，可以把主语与表语互换位置从而构成全部倒装) Well-known is that energy crisis poses a threat to the society. 5伴随状语开头(With或Along with放在句首时，句子应该全部倒装) With globalization have come many problems. B部分倒装：只将情态动词、助动词或系动词放在主语前 1 only +单词、词组、状语从句位于句首，句子进行部分倒装。 Only through education can we rise in the world. 2以否定意义状语开头，句子进行部分倒装。 Never has this topic failed to fascinate people. 3 neither nor开头，句子进行部分倒装。 Economic success is not the only factor in achieving happiness, neither is social status. 4 so开头，句子进行部分倒装。 Success teaches us something about ourselves. So does failure.
虚拟语气 一、if 引导的虚拟条件句（表示与事实相反的假设）： 现在：If+主语+过去式/were ，主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形 过去：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 过去式/were 将来：If+主语 + should + 动词原形， 主语+should/would/could/might +动词原形 were to + 动词原形 另外：有些词，如：or ／otherwise （否则）；without （没有）；but for （要不是……）等，表示一个隐含的条件，所用的虚拟语气与if 引导的虚拟条件句结构相同 注意：if 引导的虚拟条件句中，谓语部分含有were ／had ／should ，可将引导词if 省略，并将were ／had ／should 提到句首。 二、wish 之后接的宾语从句（表示不可能实现的愿望）： 过去式/were （现在） Wish +（that ） had + 过去分词 （过去） would/could/might +动词原形 （将来） 三、as if/as though 常与seem/look/appear 等动词连用，表示“看起来似乎……好象……”；以及if only 表示“要是……该多好啊”所用的虚拟语气结构与wish 结构相同； 四、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用： 1、表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”、“坚持”等词后所带的名词从句用虚拟语气，should 可以省略。 记忆口诀： insist 2、动词 order +（that ）+ 主语+ advise/suggest/recommend （宾语从句） require
二、虚拟语气的判断： 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如： If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest 等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如： I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。 注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：
语法 一、虚拟语气 Ⅰ.suggest；require； order； recommand； insist sb.suggest that …（should）do His suggestion is that… What do you think of his suggestion that 注：suggest,insist表明、暗示 He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. Ⅱ.wish 1)对现在的虚拟，用一般现在时 How I wish I were you ! 2)对过去虚拟，用过去完成时 How I wish I had followed your advice. 3)对将来虚拟 could+v.原形 How I wish /If only I could fly in the sky Ⅲ.It is (high)time that…should (should 不可省) It is necessary that… I would rather that… Ⅳ.隐含虚拟 But ;but for ;without ;otherwise without后一般+n. Eg:I could have come to school on time,(but I got up late).=I got up late otherwise. Ⅴ.虚拟条件句 If it didn’t rain tomorrow If it shouldn’t(只能用should) rain tomorrow. If it weren’t to rain tomorrow Were it not to rain tomorrow…/Should it not to… Were I you,… 从句都往过去推一个时态 Ⅵ.时间错纵 If she hadn’t stayed up all night studying,She would feel energetic now .
英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后（主语+谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+主语）,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。 基本语序（natural order）： 主语+谓语+宾语（subject + predicate+ object） I love English. 完全倒装 (full inversion) 谓语+主语 Here came the headmaster. 部分倒装 (partial inversion) 助动词/情态动词+ 主语 + 动词 Nerve will I forgive you. 一、完全倒装 1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。 There stood a dog before him. There exist different opinions on this question. 例题: ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at 2 (1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。 句式：副词＋vi＋名词主语 “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语" 结构。 Here comes the old lady! Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. Now comes your turn. 如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变，不用倒装。 如:Here you are. There she comes. (2).表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: In came Mr. White. Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy. 题：There ________. And here ________. A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she 3.当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。 句式：介词短语＋vi＋主语（必须是名词） 如：At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.
虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were） （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do
语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。 一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法 常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如： Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！ be happy! 快乐！ have a good time! 玩得愉快！ May you 祝你 succeed! 成功！ make progress! 进步！ 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法： 1．在非真实性条件句和主句中的用法 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。 条件从句主句 过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用were） would/should/could/might＋动词原形 should do,were to do put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。 4）i f的省略 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should 置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 5)条件句或主句的省略 当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。 例如：——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday? ——I would/should have,but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.） 6)混合时间条件句和主句 条件句和主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。 例如：If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had
倒装句型 1．完全倒装（谓语置于主语之前） (1) 表示地点的介词词组置于句首（谓语通常为表示位置的动词，如lie, stand, sit, live等） At the top of the hill stands the tiny temple. In the fields lay the dying soldiers. 注：主语是代词则不能倒装。 At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. (2) 地点副词置于句首 here, there, back, down, up, off 等地点副词常与come, go等转移动词连用，主谓要倒装：Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train. Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Here’s a cup of tea for you. 注：主语是代词则不能倒装。 Here you are. There she is. (3）表语置于句首 Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Gone are the days when they were carefree. Among the goods are flowers, candles and toys. (4) 用于so, neither, nor 开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容 -- I can swim. – So can I. -- I don’t like eating meat. – Neither / Nor do I. 2. 部分倒装（把助动词，be动词或情态动词置于主语之前） (1）否定副词如never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, nowhere等置于句首 Seldom have there been so many people. Little does he realize how important this meeting is. Never can you accept his money. Nowhere could they find the lost child. (2) 含有no的词或词组置于句首(at no time, in no way, by no means) In no way can they leave freely. (3) so … that 句型中so置于句首 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. (4) only构成的词组，如only after, only then, not only Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. During the war, not only was his job taken away but also he lost his family. 注：only后为名词或代词则不倒装 Only Peter knows about it.
高中英语虚拟语气的用法 一、考查虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 时间从句谓语形式（be用were不可改变）主句谓语形式 将来一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 现在一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 过去现在完成时would/should/might/could+had done （1）If he my advice, he wouldn' t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow （2）If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. taken B. had taken C. took D. have taken （3） -John went to the hospital alone. -If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 二、考查特殊句型中的虚拟语气 英语中需要使用虚拟语气的特殊句型不多，主理有以下类: 1.“倒装”类虚拟语气 当虚拟条件句中含有were, should, had时,有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略,而将从句中的were,should, had提到句首,构成倒装形式的虚拟语气。如: If he were here, she would agree too.→Were she here, she would agree too.如果她在这里,她也同意的。. If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. →Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.假若明天下雨,我们只好推迟这场比赛。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。 注意,如果条件从句的谓语为否定式,其中的否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should, had等缩略成Weren' t, Shouldn' t, Hadn'场置于句首。如:我如不是警告了你,你就可能丧命了。 正: If I hadn' t warned you, you could have been killed. 正: Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. 误: Hadn' t I warned you, you could have been killed. 另外,有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词,而是实义动词。 如: Had I time, I would go with you.假如我有时间,我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词,而是表示“有”,如果不省略if ,完整形式为:If I had time, I would go with you. (1) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy____. (2010浙江卷) A.would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved （2） fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2.“宁愿”类虚拟语气 这里说的“宁愿”主要是指would rather。当它后接句子的时候,句子的谓语通常要用虚
一、主句和从句 主句是句子的主干，是句子表达的主要意思，从句的意义从属于主句。 如：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。这句话要说明的主要意思是麻雀五脏俱全，后一句是句子的主句，前面是从句。 二：关于虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）： 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例： 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had
倒装句句型转变及翻译练习（附答案） 1. Y ou will see so many seats only at a stadium in Beijing. (Only…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. He only then became aware (意识到) of the dangers of the jungle. (Only then...) ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Y ou will be able to write a good report only after you have acquired the information you need. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. I have seldom seen a situation (情况) which made me so angry. (Seldom…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. He gave a lot of presents to his friends, but he has never given one to me. (Never…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. We little realized the dangers that were awaiting us. (Little…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 7. She is not only good at languages, but also at history and geography. (Not only…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 8. They not only took care of me, but (they) also treated me as if I were their own daughter. ___________________________________________________________________________ 9. His price w as so unreasonable that everybody was surprised. (So unreasonable…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 10. I was so scared that I could not even scream. (So scared...) ___________________________________________________________________________ 11. We have so much work to do that we have no time to relax. (So much work…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 12. He didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock last night. (Not until…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 13. He won’t go to bed until she returns home. (Not until…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 14. I had no sooner entered home than the bell ran g. (No sooner…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 15. I had hardly entered home when the bell rang. (Hardly…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 16. If you were to buy a new car, which of these would you choose? (Were...) ___________________________________________________________________________ 17. If my parents should need me, I will never let them down. (Should...) ___________________________________________________________________________ 18. If I had told him the truth, he would have been angry. (Had…) ___________________________________________________________________________ 19. Though she is pretty, she is not clever. (Pretty …) ___________________________________________________________________________ 20. Though his idea might sound strange, it was accepted by the people at the meeting. (Strange…) ___________________________________________________________________________