[配套k12学习]2019年度英语高考复习语法专题名词Word版

配套K12学习（小初高）

配套K12学习（小初高） 语法专题一：名词(附参考答案)

一．分类

专有名词 普通名词

国名地名人名，

团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词

个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词

二．名词的数

分 类 变化方法 举 例

规

则

变

化 单数名词词尾直接加-s boy — boys pen — pens

以s，x ，ch，sh结尾的单词一般加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes

特例：stomach — stomachs

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es” baby—________ lady —________ factory--_________

注意：penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：

pence（便士的钱数） pennies(便士的枚数)

以“o”结尾的多数加-s radios zoos photos pianos kilos tobaccos

而下列名词的复数却要加-es：

Negro-Negroes hero—heroes volcan-volcanes(s)

tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes

以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es wife—________ half — _________ wolf-_________

特例： gulf—gulfs belief—beliefs roof-roofs

不

规

则

变

化 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-______

特例：child-children ox-oxen

单复数相同 sheep deer fish means Chinese series

合成名词变成复数的情况：

●将主体名词变为复数

●无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数

●将两部分都变为复数 ●sons-in-law lookers-on passers-by story-tellers

●grown-ups housewives stopwatches

●女教师_______________ 男歌手______________

①以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)

physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, the United States ,news,

②以s结尾的一些名词，通常只有复数。

trousers裤子 glasses眼镜 clothes衣服 goods货物 stairs楼梯 manners礼貌 thanks感谢 arms武器

③单数和复数形式表达不同的意思

custom风俗，习惯—customs海关 damage损害—damages赔偿金 good好处，利益—goods货物

time时间—times时代，次数，倍数 fish 鱼肉—fishes 各种鱼 paper 纸—papers 试卷，文件

water 水—waters 水域 room 空间—rooms 房间 arm 手臂—arms 武器

④ the＋adj.(the rich富人), the＋ 分词(the wounded伤员)表示复数概念 配套K12学习（小初高）

配套K12学习（小初高） The old here ______ taken good care of

⑤. “某国人”的复数形式：

•单、复数相同 Chinese, Japanese, Swiss,…

•词尾加-s Africans, Asians, Canadians, Australians, Germans,……

•变man为men Englishman---Englishmen, Frenchman---Frenchmen

⑥集体名词的数要视情况而定

family, team, audience, class, club, committee, crowd, group, enemy, cattle, government, majority, minority, part, people,

police, public, staff等集体名词注意其主谓一致，一般来说，视为整体时作单数看待，侧重其成员时则作复数看待。

His family _____ not large. His family ______ all music lovers.

⑦. 抽象名词转化为可数名词。

_____Failure is the mother of______ success.

As a teacher, she is ____ success, but as a mother, she is____ failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child.

beauty(美，美貌)---a beauty(一个美人/物) danger(危险)—a danger(一件危险的事/人)

pity(遗憾)—a pity(一件可惜的事) pleasure(乐趣)—a pleasure(一件有趣的事)

surprise(惊奇)—a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事) experience(经验)—an experience(一次经历)

练习：

1. There are twenty ______and forty nurses in the hospital.

A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor

2. In his speech, he gave us _____ on how to learn a foreign language.

A. some advice B. some advices C. several advices D. an advice

3. She is from __________. She is ______________.

A. Germany; a Germany B. German; a Germany C. the Germany; German D. Germany; a German

4. At present Zhang’s family __________ rather big, with twelve people in all.

A. is B. are C. being D. was

三.名词所有格 所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名词，作定语

①名词词尾加’s ②若名词已有复数词尾“s”，只加 “‘”

③由of构成的所有格：无生命名词的所有格多用of结构。

如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers.

注意以下几点：

1.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有“‘s”，则表示“分别有”；只有一个“‘s”，则表示“共有”。

John’s and Mary’s rooms John and Mary’s room

2. 在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的所有格时，一般省略它所修饰的名词：at Mr. Green’s, at the doctor’s,

3. 在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。

two months’ time a mile’s journey fifty pounds’ weight

4. 双重所有格，即“of词组+所有格”结构。

a friend of her mother’s a few friends of Tom’s several classmates of his

辨析：This is a picture of my friend's. This is a picture of my friend.

练习：

1. ---Where did you have your supper? --- ________.

A. With my sister B. At my sister C. At my sister home D. At my sister’s

2. The village is far away from here indeed. It's ____ walk.

A. a four hour B. a four hour's C. a four-hours D. a four hours' 配套K12学习（小初高）

配套K12学习（小初高） 3. This is not my dictionary. It is ________.

A. Mary B. Mary’s C. of Mary D. the book of Mary

四．名词作定语

某些名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词，表示类别、处所、材料、时间、功能、用途等，通常要用单数形式。

trouser pockets tooth brush shoe repairers physics teacher room number radio program

咖啡杯_____________ 食品产业_____________ 苹果树_____________

但是，少数的名词作定语却用复数形式。

a sales girl a greetings card 贺卡 goods train(货车) 一双运动鞋__________________

服装店_________________ 家长会_________________ 海关文件_________________

练习：

1. The_________ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.

A. bicycle’s shop B .bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D bicycles’ shop