whenpeoplesayculture课文翻译具体的翻译如下：When people say "culture," we think of art and history. But a famous symbol of American culture is cartoon. We all know and like the black mouse with two round ears - Miss MI. 当人们说“文化，”我们想到艺术和历史。
但是美国文化里的一个有名的标志是卡通。
我们都知道而且喜欢黑色的带着两只圆耳朵的老鼠-米老师。
When this cartoon appeared in New York on November 18, 1928, it was the first cartoon without sound and music. The man behind Mickey Mouse is Walt Disney. He became rich and successful. In 1930, he wrote 87 cartoons in Mickey Mouse. 当这个卡通在1928年11月18日出现在纽约的时候，它是第一部没有声音没有音乐的卡通。
米老鼠背后的男人是Walt Disney。
他变得很有钱很成功。
在1930年，他用米老鼠话了87部卡通。
Some people may ask why this cartoon animal is so popular. One of the main reasons is that Mickey Mouse is a different person, but he often tries to face danger. In his early films, Mickey Mouse was unfortunate and had many problems, such as losing his house and his girlfriend Minnie. 一些人可能会问这个卡通动物怎么这么受欢迎。
流行文化的英文阅读有关流行文化的英文阅读无论你去到哪里，当地都会有自己的流行文化。
但是，当你要去一个地方旅游的时候，最好还是先了解一下当地的文化吧。
下面为大家送上一篇有关流行文化的英文阅读。
when you think of american culture, what first comes to your mind? mcdonald's? coca cola? levi's? disneyland? michael jordan? julia roberts? many people imagine american culture is a collection of popular symbols like these. actually, these symbols are only one small part of american culture-"pop culture."what is pop culture? well, pop is short for popular. the origins of pop culture can often be traced to popular movies, television shows, music stars and sports figures. pop culture is also promoted by business and advertising. the most common examples of american pop culture appear among high school and college students. trends set by famous personalities quickly become part of young people's lifestyles.american pop culture has spread around the world. one major reason for its popularity is that english is a universal language. english is the language of diplomacy, international business and transportation. since language and culture go together, learning english means becoming aware of english-speaking cultures. also, america is a world leader in movies, music and magazines. the kind of american culture communicated in those media is pop culture. finally, pop culture is easy to package and to export. for that reason, it is easy to "sell" to the world.(at a cafe in paris, france)pierre: i just saw an advertisement for that recent american movie "the pelican brief". sounds interesting. want to go see itwith me?jean: i don't think so. i've got too much to do. besides, all of this american influence really bothers me. everybody's going to see american movies, listening to american rock music and eating american fast food.pierre: oh, come on. don't be such a grouch. people just want to find out what america is all about. the movies i've seen make american lifestyles seem exciting. maybe we could learn a few things from them.jean: learn a few things! yeah, sure. we'll learn how to be american and forget how to be french. if we follow american ways, it's going to change our own culture. americans will be the winners, and we'll be the losers.pierre: now, wait a minute. you're forgetting that we have a global economy now. if we want to do business with americans, we have to understand their culture.jean: if american culture is michael jackson, mickey mouse and mcdonald's, i don't want to understand it.many people assume that american pop culture is what america is all about. does pop culture reflect the true culture of america? yes and no. pop culture does represent a portion of american society-especially urban young people that are tuned in to the media. but american pop culture is faddish and ever-changing. it is an artificial and superficial picture of america. if you want to learn about real american culture, you'll have to go a little farther than mcdonald's.【拓展】流行文化简介一般来讲，流行文化是与高雅文化相对而言的。
American Society and CultureThe definitions of society & culture▪SocietyThe community of people living in a particular country or region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations.▪CultureThe set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization, or group [and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning] (Wikipedia)The influence of American culture▪ McDonald & KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken); Coco Cola & Pepsi;▪ Hollywood movies;▪Rock …n‟ roll music (King: Elvis Presley);▪ Thanksgiving Day;▪托福（TOEFL: the Test of English as a Foreign Language) and GRE (Graduate Record Examinations);McDonald▪McDonald‘s Corporation (MCD) is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries. Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 asa barbecue restaurant operated by the eponymous Richard and MauriceMcDonald; in 1948 they reorganized their business as a hamburger stand using production line principles. Businessman Ray Kroc joined the company asa franchise agent in 1955. He subsequently purchased the chain from theMcDonald brothers and oversaw its worldwide growth.▪ A McDonald's restaurant is operated by either a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself. The corporation's revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.▪McDonald's primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken, Frenchfries, breakfast items, soft drinks, shakes and desserts. In response to changing consumer tastes, the company has expanded its menu to include salads, wraps, smoothies and fruit.KFC▪KFC, founded and also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. KFC has been a brand and operating segment, termed a concept of Yum! Brands since 1997 when that company was spun off from PepsiCo as Tricon Global Restaurants Inc.▪The company was founded as Kentucky Fried Chicken by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952, though the idea of KFC's fried chicken actually goes back to 1930. Although Sanders died in 1980, he remains an important part of the company's branding and advertisements, and "Colonel Sanders" or "The Colonel" is a metonym for the company itself. The company adopted KFC, an abbreviated form of its name, in 1991.Coca Cola▪Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines in more than 200 countries.[1] It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.Pepsi▪Pepsi (stylized in lowercase as pepsi, formerly stylized in uppercase as PEPSI) is a carbonated soft drink that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. Created and developed in 1898 and introduced as "Brad's Drink", it was later renamed as Pepsi-Cola on June 16, 1903, then to Pepsi in 1961. Pepsi was first introduced as "Brad's Drink" in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1898 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his home where the drink was sold. It was later labeled Pepsi Cola, named after the digestive enzymepepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy.NBA▪The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the pre-eminent men'sprofessional basketball league in North America. It consists of thirty franchised member clubs, of which twenty-nine are located in the United States and one in Canada. It is an active member of USA Basketball (USAB), which is recognized by the International Basketball Federation as the National Governing Body (NGB) for basketball in the United States. The NBA is one of the four major North American professional sports leagues. NBA players are the world's best paid sportsmen, by average annual salary per player.▪The league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946 as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). The league adopted the name National Basketball Association in 1949 after merging with the rival National Basketball League (NBL). The league's several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices located in the Olympic Tower at 645 Fifth Avenue in New York City. NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus, New Jersey.TOEFL▪The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) measures the ability of non-native speakers of English to use and understand North American English as it is spoken, written and heard in college and university settings.GRE▪The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) is a standardized test that is an admissions requirement for many graduate schools in the United States, in other English-speaking countries and for English-taught graduate and business programs world-wide. Created and administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS) in 1949, the exam aims to measure verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, analytical writing and critical thinking skills that have been acquired over a long period of time and that are not related to any specific field of study. The GRE General Test is offered as a computer-based, computer adaptive exam administered by selected qualified testing centers; however, paper-based exams are offered in areas of the world where computer-based testing is not available.Some familiar or famous symbolsof American culture▪m▪KFC▪The Statue of Liberty▪American national flag▪The White House▪The Capitol Hill▪Uncle Sam▪Barbie▪American Gothic▪The Buffalo Nickel▪Cowboy▪Jeans▪Disneyland ParkThe Statue of Liberty▪The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Libertééclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue, a gift to the United States from the people of France, is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tabula ansata (a tablet evoking the law) upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue has become an icon of freedom and of the United States.The national flag of the United States of AmericaThe national flag of the United States of America (or the American flag) consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars.The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that rebelled against the British monarchy and became the first states in the Union. Nicknames for the flag include the "Stars and Stripes", "Old Glory", and "The Star-Spangled Banner" (also the name of the national anthem).Barbie▪Barbie is a fashion doll manufactured by the American toy-company Mattel, Inc. and launched in March 1959. American businesswoman Ruth Handler is credited with the creation of the doll using a German doll called Bild Lilli as her inspiration.▪Barbie is the figurehead of a brand of Mattel dolls and accessories, includingother family members and collectible dolls. Barbie has been an important part of the toy fashion doll market for fifty years, and has been the subject of numerous controversies and lawsuits, often involving parody of the doll and her lifestyle.Uncle Sam▪The well-known "recruitment" image of Uncle Sam was created by James Montgomery Flagg, an illustrator and portrait artist best known for commercial art. The image of Uncle Sam was shown publicly for the first time, according to some, in a picture by Flagg on the cover of the magazine Leslie's Weekly, on July 6, 1916, with the caption "What Are You Doing for Preparedness?" More than four million copies of this image were printed between 1917 and 1918.The image also was used extensively during World War II.American Gothic▪American Gothic is a painting by Grant Wood, in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. Wood's inspiration came from a cottage designed in the Gothic Revival style with a distinctive upper window and a decision to paint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in that house." The painting shows a farmer standing beside his spinster daughter. The figures were modeled by the artist's dentist and sister. The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron mimicking 19th century Americana and the couple are in the traditional roles of men and women, the man's pitchfork symbolizing hard labor, and the flowers over the woman's right shoulder suggesting domesticity.▪It is one of the most familiar images in 20th century American art, and one of the most parodied artworks within American popular culture.The Buffalo nickel▪The Buffalo nickel or Indian Head nickel was a copper-nickel five-cent piece struck by the United States Mint from 1913 to 1938. It was designed by sculptor James Earle Fraser.▪As part of a drive to beautify the coinage, five denominations of US coins had received new designs between 1907 and 1909. In 1911, Taft administration officials decided to replace Charles E. Barber's Liberty Head design for the nickel, and commissioned Fraser to do the work. They were impressed by Fraser's designs showing a Native American and an American bison. The designs were approved in 1912, but were delayed several months because of objections from the Hobbs Manufacturing Company, which made mechanisms to detect slugs in nickel-operated machines. The company wasnot satisfied by changes made in the coin by Fraser, and in February 1913, Treasury Secretary Franklin MacVeagh decided to issue the coins despite the objections.Disneyland Park▪Disneyland Park is a theme park located in Anaheim, California, owned and operated by the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts division of the Walt Disney Company. Known as Disneyland when it opened on July 18, 1955, and stillalmost universally referred to by that name, it is the only theme park to be designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. In 1998, the theme park was re-branded "Disneyland Park" to distinguish it from the larger Disneyland Resort complex.▪Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s. He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit; however, he soon realized that the proposed site was too small. After hiring a consultant to help determine an appropriate site for his project, Walt bought a 160-acre site near Anaheim in 1953.Construction began in 1954 and the park was unveiled during a special televised press event on July 17, 1955.Cowboy▪ A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the vaquero traditions of northern Mexico and became a figure of special significance and legend. The cowboy has deep historic roots tracing back to Spain and the earliest European settlers of the Americas.Jeans▪Jeans are trousers made from denim. Some of the earliest American blue jeans were made by Jacob Davis, Calvin Rogers, and Levi Strauss in 1873. Starting in the 1950s, jeans, originally designed for cowboys, became popular among teenagers. Historic brands include Levi's, Lee, and Wrangler.▪Jeans are now a very popular form of casual dress around the world, and have been so for decades. They come in many styles and colors; however, "blue jeans" are particularly identified with American culture, especially the American Old West.▪ We should adopt an appropriate attitude towards America: only learn the positive values.▪ As successors of our cause and future pillars of Chi na, you should learn how to deal with it in our foreign policy by following closely the policy adopted since the founding of New China.Requirements▪Attend the course regularly;▪Review the content of each lecture after class;▪Refer to the relevant part of the teaching material;▪Follow what is happening in the world situation which involves the U. S. A.▪Do the quizzes and exercises.▪Watch the movies after the classAssignments▪ Preview Chapter 1 Basic Facts about U.S.A.;▪ Enjoy the movie, 1492: Conquest of Paradise, and try to answer the questions.1492: Conquest of ParadiseQuestions for comprehension1. Where is this story set? (setting)2. According to Columbus, how could he reach Asia?3. How long did he think the voyage would take?4. How did he associate with the native people in the New World?5. Why was he deprived of the post of the governor the New World?6. What happened to Columbus in the end?Questions for discussionQ1. What is your impression of Columbus?Q2. Why is the film entitled “Conquest of Paradise”?Q3. Why are the native people in the New World called theIndians?Q4. What do you think of this movie?Q5. According to your own knowledge, is the film a true representation of the history?Summary▪ The main aims or objectives;▪ Reasons for choosing or attending this course;▪ Main contents of this course;▪ The influence of American culture;▪ Some familiar or famous symbols of American culture.。
