介词大全

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介词

介词又叫前置词,介词放在名词或相当于名词的前面。介词和其后的名

词构成介词短语,介词短语主要用来表示时间、地点、目的、程度和方

式等。介词还可同动词配合构成短语动词。

从介词本身的意义来看,介词可以分成十个种类:一.表示时间的介词

(一)表示时间的介词:

1.at, on, in

(1) at 表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”

at 5:30 在5:30 at sunrise 日出时 at lunch 午饭时

at noon 正午时 at night 夜间

I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6:00起床。

表示“在……岁” 时 用at the age of…。

如:at the age of five.在五岁时。

(2) on 表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午

如:on Monday在星期一 on April 1st在四月一日

I heard a shot on the morning of March 18.三月十八日早晨我听到

一声枪响。

泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at

night;

但若指具体某一天的上述时段时,则一律用on。

如:On the afternoon of May 23.在五月二十三日下午。

(3) in 表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚

上。

in September 在九月 in winter 在冬季

in 1999 在1999年 in the 20th century 在20世纪

in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上

2.for, during, through

(1) for表示“一段时间”,后接与数词连用的时间名词。多与完成时

连用。

I’ve been a soldier for 5 years.我入伍已5年了。

She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。

表示“持续一段时间”时,for后面必须跟“数字+时间名词”,而during

后决不可接数字。

(2) during表示“在……期间”

He visited many nice places during his stay here.在他逗留期间他参观

了许多美丽的地方。 What did you do during the summer vacation? 你在暑假做了什么?

(3) through表示“一直……,自始至终”

They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。

She treated me like her brother through these years. 这些年来她始终把

我当哥哥对待。

3.from, since

(1) from表示“等时间的起点”,作“从……”解,多用于“from…

to/till…”中。

You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什幺时间

来都行。

The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。

①from“从……(开始)”未必持续到现在,如:

from 1995 to 1998.从1995年到1998年。

而since是指“自从……以来一直持续到现在”

②since一般只与现在完成时连用,而from不受此限。

(2) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”

He has been away from home since 1973.他自从1973年就离开了家

乡。

We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。

for与since表示一段时间,但for与时间段连用,而since与时间点连

用。

如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week自从上周直到现在

4.before, by, till, until

(1) before指“在……之前”

Please come before ten o’clock.请10点以前来。

The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。

表示“在……以前”时,before与by基本可通用。但by还有“截至……

为止”之意,此时可与完成时连用,而before一般不与完成时连用。如:

How many models have you made by the end of last month?

截至上月底你做了多少个模型?

(2) by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”

I must finish my homework by lunch.午饭前我必须做完作业。

We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term. 

到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。

(3) tell (until) “直到……为止”

You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必须一直等到他明天。 He didn’t come back until twelve o’clock last night.他昨晚下到12点才

回来。

在肯定句中,till (until)必须与延续动词连用。若与点动词连用,till

(until)只能用于否定句中。

5.after, in, within

①after表示“在……之后”,是before的反义词。

We’ll hold a party after dinner.晚餐后我们将举办晚会。

He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌症,一年后去世了。

I’ll phone you after 1 arrive.到达后我给你打电话。(after作连词)

②within“在……时间之内”

I can finish it with an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。

比 较 after与in

①after后可跟时间段,也可跟时间点,如after school(放学后),

而in后必须跟一段时间,如in an hour(一小时后)。

②after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时,而in只能用于将来时。

③after既可作介词,又可作连词,而in只能作介词②in“在……时间

之后”

I’ll arrive in an hour.我一小时后到达。

in与within后都必须跟时间段。

二.表示地点的介词

(二)表示“地点、方向”的介词:

1.in ,outside, between, among

①in表示“在……里面”,如:

What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么?

She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。

②outside指“在……外面”

There are many people outside the room.房间外有很多人。

What did your see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么?

③between在……之间(指二者)

There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office.在宾馆与邮局

之间有所医院。

The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋建筑位于

公园和小河之间。

between是指“在两者之间”,而among指“在多个之间”。

④among在……之间(指三者以上)

“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd.

警察向人群喊道:“你们中间有个小偷!” He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。

2.on, above, over, below, under

(1) on在……上面,表面相互接触。

There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。

On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。

(2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”,与below相对。

A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。

The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。

(3) over“在……正上方”,与under相对。

There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。

The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上

方。

(4) below在……下方,低于……

There are many flowers below the window.窗下有很多花。

Her skirt reaches just below her knees.她的裙子刚到膝盖下。

(5) under在……正下方

They sat under a big tree, drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。

What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?

3.near, by, beside

(1) near在……附近,与far相对

A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医

院。

My hone is near he school. 我的家离学校很近。

(2) by = beside,靠近,在……旁边,比near距离更近 

He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。

He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。

4.in front of, behind, around

(1) in front of在……前面

A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河

They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他们在门前放了一束

花。

in the front of表示“在……前部”,指里面。

There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房间前半部有把红椅

子。

(2) behind在……后面

A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。

The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。