R Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period

浅谈二语习得中的年龄问题作者：王昕闫丽莉来源：《校园英语·中旬》2015年第04期【摘要】二语习得是应用语言学的重要研究方面。

其中年龄作为语言习得研究及政策制定的关键问题，具有重要的理论及现实意义。

从理论层面看，考察语言学习者的年龄，第二语言习得在不同阶段会呈现出何种特征及模式有望得以总结。

从实践应用角度看，年龄问题对大到国家或地区语言政策制定及规划，小到语言教学内容的阶段性安排都有着十分重要的意义。

本文利用二语习得中相关基本概念及理论的分析浅谈年龄对于语言学习者水平的影响，并在此基础上提出一些符合第二语言习得规律的外语教育策略。

【关键词】第二语言习得年龄临界期假说【Abstract】Second Language Acquisition is an important issue in the AppliedLinguistics.Age，as the vital issue in the Linguistics，has important theoretical and practical meaning.In the aspect of theory，the characters and modes of different levels will be concluded through observing age of language learners.In the aspect of practical application，age plays a vital role from language policy of country or region to arrangement of language teaching.In this essay，the author will discuss effect of age about different language learners and propose language learning strategies according to the basic concept and corresponding theory.【Key words】Second Language Acquisition； Age； Critical Period Hypothesis二语习得研究一直以来是中西应用语言学的重要分支，其中如何保证外语学习成为这个研究学科的重要问题。

In recent years there has been growing interest in the development of an appropriate theory of second language acquisition. This interest is well documented in an impressive number of relevant publications (Brown 1976, Eckman and Hastings 1979, Felix 1980, Gingras 1978, Hatch 1978, Hullen and Jung 1979, Kettemann and St. Clair 1980, Richards 1978, Ritchie 1978, Schumann 1978, to name just a few). Though all of these books give a rather good insight into different aspects of second language acquisition (and offer some theoretical explanations) it also becomes clear that a general theoretical frame of reference is still missing. In this situation the author of the most praised and criticized model in the field, the Monitor Theory, comes out with his first book the title of which raises hopes for a systematic treatment of the topic that fits the diverse pieces of theory and empirical evidence in second language research and practice together. These hopes for an integrated

第二语言习得:理论与实践 作者：林立 出版社：高等教育出版社 出版日期：2007-02-20 第二语言习得概论 作者：车宁微 出版社：南海出版公司 出版日期：2006-05-03 汉语作为第二语言的习得研究 作者：王建勤 出版社：北京语言文化大学 出版日期：1997 汉语作为第二语言的学习者习得过程研究 作者：王建勤 出版社：商务印书馆 出版日期：2006-07-01





Introduction 1 Key issues in Second Language Acquisition 2 The role of the first language 3 Interlanguage and the ‘natural‘ route of development 4 Variability in interlanguage 5 Individual learner differences and Second Language Acquisition 6 Input, interaction, and Second Language Acquisition 7 Learner strategies 8 The Universal Hypothesis and Second Language Acquisition 9 The role of formal instruction in Second Language 10 Theories of Second Language Acquisition Conclusion Glossary References Index
口头话语分析与第二语言习得

Chapter 17
Second Language Acquisition/Learning
Acquisition barriers
• Reasons for the problems experienced in L2 acquisition --during their teenage or adult years --limited time for L2 at school --busy with other things --already have L1 to use for communicative purposes --adults’ tongues ‘get stiff’
Focus on the learner
• A shift from concern with the teacher, the textbook and the method to an interest in the learner and the acquisition process • The tolerance of ‘errors’ • Creative construction • Positive transfer • Negative transfer/interference
• Communicative approaches • Reaction against the artificiality of patternpractice and also against the belief that consciously learning the grammar of a language will necessarily result in an ability to use the language • based on a view that the functions of language should be emphasized rather than the forms of the language