Nano-ZnO Particle Addition to Monolithic Magnesium for Enhanced Tensile and Compressive Response
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Nano-ZnOparticleadditiontomonolithicmagnesiumforenhancedtensileandcompressiveresponse
S.Sankaranarayanana,U.PranavNayakb,R.K.Sabatc,S.Suwasc,A.Almajidd,M.Guptaa,⇑aDepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,NationalUniversityofSingapore,9EngineeringDrive1,Singapore117576,Singapore
bDepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterialsEngineering,NationalInstituteofTechnology(Karnataka),Surathkal,Mangalore575025,India
cDepartmentofMaterialsEngineering,IndianInstituteofScience,Bangalore560012,India
dMechanicalEngineeringDepartment,CollegeofEngineering,KingSaudUniversity,Riyadh11421,SaudiArabia
articleinfoArticlehistory:Received27May2014Receivedinrevisedform23June2014Accepted23June2014Availableonline30June2014
Keywords:Mg-metalmatrix(nano)compositesMechanicalpropertiesMicrostructureTextureX-rayanalysisElectronbackscattereddiffractionanalysis
abstractInthisstudy,theeffectsofnanoscaleZnOreinforcementontheroomtemperaturetensileandcompres-siveresponseofmonolithicMgwerestudied.ExperimentalobservationsindicatedstrengthpropertiesimprovementduetonanoscaleZnOaddition.Amaximumincrementintensileyieldstrengthby$55%andcompressiveyieldstrengthby90%(withreducedtension–compressionasymmetry)wasachievedwhen0.8vol.%ZnOnanoparticleswereaddedtoMg.Whilethefracturestrainvaluesundertensileloadswerefoundtoincreasesignificantly(by$95%,incaseofMg–0.48ZnO),itremainedlargelyunaffectedundercompressiveloads.Themicrostructuralcharacteristicsstudiedinordertocomprehendthemechanicalresponseshowedsignificantgrainrefinementduetograinboundarypinningeffectofnano-ZnOparticleswhichresultedinstrengtheningofMg.TextureanalysisusingX-rayandEBSDmethodsindicatedweakeningofbasalfibretextureinMg/ZnOnanocompositeswhichcontributedtowardsthereductionintension–compressionyieldasymmetryandenhancementintensileductilitywhencomparedtopureMg.Ó2014ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.
1.IntroductionInrecentyears,therehasbeenanincreasingdemandforadvancedstructuralmaterialswithexcellentweightsavingpoten-tialinordertosatisfythegrowingeconomicandenvironmentalconcernssuchasfuelpriceinflation,greenhousegasemission[1–3].Especiallyintheautomotiveandaircraftindustries,thecur-rentresearchworksaremorefocussedontheextensiveutilizationofmagnesiummaterialswhichofferssuperiorcombinationofproperties[1–4].Magnesium(withdensity1.74g/cc),whichis$75%lighterthansteeland$35%lighterthanaluminiumattractsextensiveresearchinterestintermsofweightsavingpotentialincriticalengineeringapplications.Forexample,inaV6enginecylin-derblock,thereplacementofcastironbymagnesium(Mg)wouldreducetheweightfrom86kgto30kg[5].Similarly,thepossiblereplacementofotherstructuralcomponentsbyMgwouldcontrib-uteto$100kgreductioninweightwhichcouldreducethefuelconsumptionby$500mlper100kmandthefuelemissionby$5%[6,7].Besidesweightsavings,Mgalsoexhibitarangeofinflu-entialpropertiessuchasexcellentdampingcapacity,castability,machinabilityanddimensionalstability.Further,therelativelylowerworkingtemperature($250°C)ofMgwhencomparedtootherstructuralmetalsalsoattractsitsusageintheperspectiveofenergyconservationandextendeddie/toollife[1–7].Beingthedesigners’choiceforweightcriticalapplications,thecommercialutilizationofMghoweverdemandsoptimizationofmechanicalproperties,especiallytheductility.Atroomtempera-ture,theductilityofMgisoftenobservedtobepoorowingtothelimitedslipsystemsavailableinhexagonalclosedpacked(HCP)crystalstructureandtherecentresearcheffortsarelargelyfocussedonimprovingtheroomtemperatureductilityofMg[8–11].Inthiscontext,theincorporationofnanoscalereinforce-mentsintoMghaspositivelyinfluencedtheductilityofMg.Therecentreviewarticle[12]comprehensivelyillustratesthebenefi-cialroleofvariousnanoscaleceramicreinforcementsonthemechanicalpropertiesofMgandMgalloys.ItshowedthattheceramicparticlessuchasSiC,Al2O3,SiO2andY2O3wereexten-
sivelyusedasnanoreinforcementstoimprovethestrengthandductilityofMgandMgalloys.Thenanocompositesreferredtointhisreviewarticle[12]generallyexhibitedsuperiormechanicalresponseandtheywerepreparedusingtheprocessingmeth-odssuchasliquidprocessingroutebaseddisintegratedmeltdeposition(DMD)method,solidstateprocessingroutebased
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.06.1630925-8388/Ó2014ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.
⇑Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+6565166358;fax:+6567791459.
E-mailaddress:mpegm@nus.edu.sg(M.Gupta).
JournalofAlloysandCompounds615(2014)211–219ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofAlloysandCompounds
journalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jalcom
