北美考试基础语法
一、课程介绍
课程结构简介
目录
1、 简单句的各种成分
2、 各种从句：名词性从句&定语从句&状语从句
3、 非谓语动词：不定式&分词（现在分词和过去分词）&动名词
4、 平行结构
二、句子成分
词汇、短语认知
对于词汇的认知
名词water river California
冠词aan the
形容词mysterious foolish delicious
代词I me it my mine
动词exist strike give make
副词particularly artistically
介词in on at
连词and but so because
对于短语的认知
形容词短语proud of
different from
full of
动词短语get up
come into being
put up with
介词短语in the morning
in the room
on one’s way to
at the end of
简单句的基本结构
一、 主语+谓语
The river slows.
The water exists.
二、 主语+谓语+宾语
I feel emotions.
The waves strike the shore.
三、 主语+谓语+宾语1+宾语2
Science gives people more opportunity.
Goals offer people courage.
四、 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
Love makes women foolish.
People find Pyramids mysterious.
五、 主语+系动词+表语
Today is a gift.
The hills remain green.
The word seems busy.
The food tastes delicious.
The leaves turn yellow.
Everything turns out fine.
知识点详解
主语：名词&其他相当于名词的结构
谓语：动词（及物动词&不及物动词）
动词短语
宾语：名词&其他相当于名词的结构
系动词
表语：可以修饰名词的结构（形容词名词）
形容词短语、介词短语
其他相当于形容词的结构
句子成分——定语
Natural beauty is an all-pervading presence.
It unfolds into the numberless flowers of spring.
It waves in the branches of trees and the green blades of grass.
句子成分——同位语
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life:
the longing for love,
the search for knowledge,
and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.
句子成分——状语
The selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor.
Cones are naturally slightly open or tightly closed.
The result is obviously that only the most industrious ones can achieve final success.
Consequently,the”custodialrhetoric”of the 1930’s and early 1940’s no longer made sense.
The result depends to great extent/greatly on himself.
There is a little bird on the top of the trees.
定语：可以修饰名词的结构（形容词名词）
形容词短语、介词短语
其他相当于形容词的结构
同位语：名词&其他相当于形容词的结构
状语：可以修饰非名词的结构
包括修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语、从句和句子的各种结构
其他相当于副词的结构
插入语
打破一个完整的句子结构-插入
Attitude, after all, means quite a lot to a student’s academic performance.
A man’s feelings for his job will, in particular, reflect the feelings for his life.
长难句分析&句子简化题
托福阅读长难句分析
This “paper money aristocracy ” of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for
their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation’s virtue by encouraging speculation
and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth.
句子简化题
He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in
the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times there was no
clear direction to their restless movements.
*Experiments revealed that caged starlings displayed a lack of directional sense and restless
movements.
*Experiments revealed that caged starlings were unable to orient themselves in the direction of
their normal migratory route.
*Experiments revealed that the restless movement of caged starlings had no clear direction.
*Experiments revealed that caged starlings’ orientation was accurate unless the weather was
overcast.
SAT语法题目(1)
The author, taking the reader on a chronological journey through her native land, skillfully
combining history and legend with fragments of fiction.
(A) The author, taking the reader on a chronological journey through her native land, skillfully
(B) The reader is taken on a chronological journey through the author’s native land by skillfully
(C) The reader is taken on a chronological journey through her native land by the author who is
skillfully
(D) The author, who take the reader on a chronological journey through her native land,
skillfully
(E) The author take the reader on a chronological journey through her native land, skillfully
SAT语法题目(2)
Pearl Buck, one of the most popular writers of her day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in
1938 for her novels about China.
A day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China
B day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature which she won in 1938 for her novels about China
C day, and she won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China
D day, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her novels about China
E day, her novels about China bringing her the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938
SAT语法题目(3)
The Basque language, possibly one of European’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated
A The Basque language, possibly one of European’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.
B The Basque language, possibly one of European’s oldest, its origins are hotly debated.
C Possibly one of European’s oldest languages, the origins of Basque are hotly debated
D The origins of the Basque language, possibly one of European’s oldest, are hotly debated.
E Basque is hotly debated as a language whose origins are possibly Europe’s oldest.
三、主谓一致
知识点详解
主语和谓语数量上的匹配-主谓一致
名词为物质实体-单数和复数
名词为抽象概括-单数
名词的修饰结构不对名词的数量产生任何影响
The bright(A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in
his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New york. No error(E).
Evidence from surveys and interviews show friendships made in high school tend to last longer
than those made in college.
A show friendships made in high school tend to last
B show high school friendships that tend to last
C is showing high school friendships tending to last
D shows that friendships made in high school tend to last
E shows friendships in high school tends to last
GMAT语法（1）
