2020年上海市徐汇区高考一模(含听力)英语试题(解析版)

2024学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷(考试时间105分钟满分115分) 2024. 12I. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pioneers in artificial intelligence win the Nobel Prize in physicsThe 2024 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to JohnHopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. They are known for theirfundamental discoveries in machine learning, ___1___paved theway for how artificial intelligence is used today.Machine learning differs from traditional software. The softwarereceives data, which is processed according to a“clear description, and___2___(produce)the results. In machine learning, the computer learns by example, enabling it to tackle problems that are too complicated ___3___(manage)by step-by-step instructions.Hinton and Hopfield___4___(credit)with using tools from physics to advance basic research in the field. In 1982, Hopfield developed a model of neural(神经的)networks, today known as the Hopfield network, to describe how the brain recalls memories when___5___(feed)partial information, similar to the method your brain uses to remember a word on the tip of your tongue.Geoff Hinton and colleagues further developed the Hopfield network. To do that, Hinton used statistical physics, based on an equation invented by the nineteenth century physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, creating a "Boltzmann machine. "It can learn—not from instructions, but from ___ 6___(give)examples. A trained Boltzmann machine can recognize familiar traits(特质)in information it has not previously seen. Imagine meeting a friend's brother or sister, and you can immediately see that they___7___be related. In a similar way, the Boltzmann machine can recognize an entirely new example___8___it belongs to a category found in the training material.Hinton has also urged caution around the technology. Hinton quit his job as a vice president last year at a tech giant. He said he left because he wanted to be able to share his concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence without worrying___9___it would mean for his employer. "One of the ways in which these systems might escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify ___ 10___, ”Hinton said in a 2023interview. "That's something we need to seriously worry about. "Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedA hacker' s lifeHave you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in?First, you get a sense of___11___in succeeding. But then comes the worrying realization that if you can break into your own place as a(n)___12___, a professional could do so five times faster. So you look at the weak point in your security and fix it. Well, that's more or less how the DefCon hackers conference works.Every year passionate hackers meet at DefCon in Las Vegas to___13___ their knowledge and capabilities. Mention the word 'hacker'and many of us ___14___a seventeen-year-old geek(怪人)sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US's defence secrets in the Pentagon(五角大楼). Or we just think 'criminals'. But that is actually a misrepresentation of what most hackers do.The activities and experiments that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. These are people who love the challenge of finding security gaps: computer ___15___ who can't break the habit. They look with great care at all kinds of systems, from the Internet to mobile communications to ___16___ door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they are doing all of us a great service, because they pass on their findings to the industries that design the systems, which are then able to___17___ the security holes.A typical example of this is when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks. Ironically, one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4, 000-year-old Egyptian lock. But when it came to more modern devices, the presenters revealed ___18___ weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was___19___ , easily, by a paper clip. (Unfortunately, although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were ___20____, not all of them responded. )II. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When is anger justified?Anger is a complicated emotion. But is it ever morally right to be angry?And if so, when?One of the most foundational understandings of ___21___ comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In his model, there's a sweet spot for our actions and emotional reactions, and it's up to you to develop practical wisdom about when you should feel what and how strongly to feel it.___22___ , let's say you're going to sleep early because you have an important meetingtomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music. If you can't sleep, you might ruin your meeting, so feeling angry is definitely ___23___ . But how much anger should you feel?And what actions, if any, should you take?To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details. Have you ___24___ talked to your neighbor about this issue?Is it a reasonable time to be playing music?Is your neighbor trying to___25___ you, or are they just enjoying their evening?Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle's case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for handling 26 conflicts. But what about when there's no one to___27___for your anger?Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor's home is___28___. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn't really a suitable 29for your frustration.Although it's hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson's theory suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other 30, In this model, anger can___be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so ___31___ it would harm our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be 32_. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be___33___to treat their moral mistakes like those of adults.So when should you ___34___ anger?And can it ever help change things for the better?Let's imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is ___35___polluting the water supply. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress(压制)your anger, instead of channeling it into positive action.21, A. motion B. passion C. urge D. anger22. A. In conclusion B. However C. What's more D. For example23. A. exceptional B. understandable C. useless D. tragic24. A. remotely B. reluctantly C. previously D. ultimately25. A. upset B. conquer C. imitate D. motivate26. A. commercial B. domestic C. cultural D. interpersonal27. A. consult B. blame C. reject D. hide28. A. discovered B. locked C. untouched D. exploded29. A. target B. boundary C. position D. reason30. A. accountable B. adorable C. memorable D, sustainable31. A. expressing B. removing C. releasing D. following32. A. simple B. dangerous C. tricky D. sufficient33. A. mature B. wise C. easy D. wrong34. A. bring down B. act on C. bottle up D. hold back35. A. illegally B. remotely C. steadily D. inevitably Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Caroline Robbins knew that the first day of school was very, very important. Why?Because that was the day when you chose where you would sit for the entire year. Caroline realized that in some classes this choice would be made for her. The teacher would place students in alphaberical(按字母顺序的)order, meaning she would have to sit in front of Zach Rodgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback.In her other classes, though, Caroline would be sure to choose just the right seat. Caroline liked to think of herself as one of the cool kids, but she also did well in school and liked learning. So, Caroline wanted to sit close to the cool kids, but not too close, or she would be more interested in talking than paying attention. She also knew that it was good to be friends with the smart kids, because they could help Caroline with her schoolwork. However, she didn't want to sit too close to the smart kids. Unfortunately, at Caroline's school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids.Caroline had all of this in mind as she walked through the school's front door on the first day. She knew where her first class was, but she didn't want to be the first one there. If you were the first one there, you didn't have any control at all!Other people got to choose how close they sat to you, not the other way around. This simply would not do. So, she took her time walking down the hall, taking a minute to talk to her friend Alma, whom she hadn't seen for the entire summer.At last, she walked through the door of her first class, and there it was, the perfect seat!Two seats away from Jasmine, the smartest girl in her entire grade, and just in front of Marc, who was very cool and totally cute.There was a new guy to the left, which could be a risk, but how bad could a new guy be?So Caroline started toward the seat, being careful not to rush, when Marc's best friend Jason sat down in her chair!Sure, there were other seats, but no other perfect ones. Saddened but not discouraged, Caroline sat down in the second-best seat and immediately started planning for lunchtime, when she was determined to get the best seat in the cafeteria.36. As used in paragraph 1, the word“drawback”most nearly means“_____”A. disadvantageB. benefitC. virtueD. withdrawal37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A. Caroline was often seen as a cool kid, not a smart kid.B. Caroline wanted to be the only smart kid in her school.C. If Caroline was seen as a smart kid, no one would think she was cool.D. Caroline's school was unusual in that smart kids were also cool.38. According to the passage, Caroline makes sure not to get to class too Early by____.A. taking time to fix her hairB. going to the wrong classC. waiting outside the school gateD. stopping to talk to her friend39. How did Caroline feel about the new guy sitting next to her desired seat?A. She was thrilled to have a new friend to sit next to.B. She was concerned he might be a disturbance.C. She was relieved that he didn't take the perfect seat.D. She was disappointed because he didn't look cool.(B)From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth's shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology.One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1, 600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map's text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150, a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth's shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today!Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts.East at the TopThese days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east a the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun.Puzzle MapsWhen printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for Eighteenth-century geography classes!Fake PlacesMapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry.Modern TechnologyToday, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates.40. Which of the followingpictures best shows themodern form of the Greek scientist's addition to the map?41. Fake towns or streets were often added to maps_________ .A. so that it would be clear if someone copied the mapB. to make the maps less boring and more accurateC. as a tricky challenge for people to take onD. to help people practice how to read complicated maps42. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To show the development of mapping technology.B. To explain the importance of maps throughout history.C. To introduce the history of maps and some interesting facts.D. To teach some map-making tricks and techniques.(C)Most taxi drivers need a smartphone to get to their destinations. But sharks, it seems, need nothing more than their own bodies—and Earth's magneric(磁的)field. A new study suggests some sharks can read Earth's field like a map and use it to travel long distances with accuracy.Since the 1970s, researchers have suspected that some fish can detect magnetic fields. But no one had shown that sharks use the fields to find their location or navigate(导航), partly because the animals aren't so easy to work with. It's one thing if you have a small fish, or a baby sea turtle, but when you work with sharks, you have to upscale everything.Bryan Keller, an ecologist at Florida State University, and his colleagues decided to do just that. They lined a bedroom-size cage with wire and placed a small swimming pool in the center of the cage. By running an electrical current through the wiring, they could generate a custom magnetic field in the center of the pool. The team then collected 20 young bonnet head sharks—a species known to migrate hundreds of kilometers—off the Florida coast. They placed the sharks into the pool, one at a time, and let them swim freely under three different magnetic fields, applied in random succession. One field mimicked(模仿)Earth's natural field at the spot where the sharks were collected, while the others mimicked the fields at locations 600 kilometers north and 600 kilometers south of their homes.They used software to track the sharks' responses, observing which direction in the tank they were trying to swim towards. When the young sharks were exposed to the magnetic field of the place they were captured, or "home', they stayed put. But when subjected to the southern magnetic field, the sharks persistently changed their headings to swim north, as if trying to get back home. This suggests that the sharks were using the magnetic field to guide them, similar to how humans use GPS.Surprisingly, the researchers found that the sharks didn't favor any direction when swimming under the northern field. Keller says this might be because they don't go north of their home location since there is only land there, and so they rarely have to find their way back south again. “This could support the theory that their ability to go back home is a learned behavior, "he says. They might not know what to do in the northern field because "they've never been up there. "says Keller.Keller's research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due to mostly overfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migration patterns of sharks can help us understand what areas to protect when managing marine spaces.43. Why is it difficult for researchers to prove that sharks can read Earth's field?A. Sharks are too hard to follow and observe.B. Sharks are not sensitive to magnetic fields.C. Sharks are difficult to study in a laboratory setting.D. Sharks are on the list of endangered species.44. According to Keller, what might be the reason why sharks don't favor any direction when swimming under the northern magnetic field?A. They don't like the climate in the northB. They've never been to the north of their home before.C. They learned to do so when they were young.D. The northern magnetic field was not strong enough.45. From the passage, we can infer that Keller's research is significant because it_______.A. provides anew method for capturing sharksB. supports the idea that sharks' migration patterns are randomC. adds crucial information to our understanding of shark biologyD. suggests that sharks should be protected from overfishing46. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Sharks use Earth's magnetic field to find their way on seas.B. Researchers discovered a new way to study sharks in labs.C. Shark populations are declining due to habitat change.D. Sharks have a learned behavior of returning to their home.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.The power of placebo(安慰剂)Have you ever taken a pill for a headache and felt instant relief even though there's no way the medicine could have taken effect so quickly?If so, you've personally experienced a medical phenomenon known as the placebo effect. ______47______In the above situation regarding your headache, the active ingredient(成分)couldn't have been responsible for your reduced pain. So why did the symptoms improve?Scientists don't completely understand the mechanisms behind the effect, but they have determined that an individual's conditioning and expectations likely play a major role. With your headache, for example, you expected the painkiller to work because pills have relieved your headaches in the past. ______48_______In fact, the latter means a placebo can still work even when someone knows it's not real medicine!Other factors that can influence how well a treatment works include being told it's effective by a doctor, your doctor's body language or tone of voice, and the knowledge that you're taking action to solve the problem.______49______If you believe a drug will be ineffective at relieving your symptoms, for instance, it is less likely to work. Even worse, if you expect to suffer side effects from your medication, you probably will. This puts doctors in a tricky position—they're required by law to inform patients of risks, yet doing so could negatively affect recovery. The best way to avoid this undesirable effect, according to some experts, is for doctors to phrase dangers in the most encouraging way possible or ask people if they're willing to remain unaware of minor side effects.The power of the placebo effect opens up an exciting opportunity to explore new avenues. Though we may not fully grasp how the placebo effects work, one thing is clear: our minds have an amazing ability to shape not only our thoughts but also our physical health. ______ 50______Ⅲ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.51.Why we hate phone callsSuddenly a sound rings out, stopping you in your tracks. Panicking, you search for where it could be coming from. It's your phone, and if you're like a quarter of 18 to 30-year-olds in a recent British study, you probably won't answer it. The same study found that 70%of the people in this age group prefer text messages to phone calls. Why do so many young people hate phonecalls?While previous generations grew up using landlines to talk to their friends smartphone-equipped younger people have grown up used to using text messages for social conversations. There's less pressure with texting. You can read and respond to messages on your own schedule, and you can take time to think about what you want to say rather than being put on the spot during a phone call. Besides, when you can craft a reply free of interruption, you have greater control over your contributions to a conversation. Communication like phone calls can lead people to feel a loss of control and the corresponding anxiety. Many young people report associating phone calls, particularly those without prior warning, with bad news.This means that new social codes are being established. Many people will now text someone to see if they're available to take a phone call. If someone doesn't feel able to sum something up in a few short messages, they might leave a long voice note.But this doesn't mean that anxiety around communication has been stopped. Evidence suggests that texting can also cause anxiety. Many times, texting anxiety comes from frustration, fear, and worry over the reactions of other people. For instance, a short response to your long message might be interpreted as a cold shrug and many people report tensions from being "left on read"—when you know someone has read your message, but they don't, or won't, reply.IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 房间里堆满了主人从世界各地收来的古董。

2019学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2019.12I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Buying a handbag. B. Trying on a piece of clothing.C. Taking a picture.D. Attending a fashion show.2. A. To the library. B. To the school. C. To the cafeteria. D. To the cinema.3. A. Make a budget. B. Buy the painting.C. Decorate the living room.D. Bargain with the art dealer.4. A. She didn’t get the promotion. B. She doesn’t loo k attractive.C. She is not in good mood.D. She can’t stand foggy days.5. A. The man needs to arrive earlier. B. The woman has to work overtime.C. The woman dislikes air travel.D. The man wants to save money.6. A. He has earned a big fortune. B. He is good at saving.C. He has little money.D. He spends money like water.7. A. He didn’t attend the ceremony. B. He took a lot of precious pictures.C. He forgot to take his cell phone.D. His recorded the ceremony with his camera.8. A. Set a deadline for the staff to meet. B. Encourage his staff to work harder.C. Ask for a progress report on the project.D. Hold a conversation with his employees.9. A. He doesn’t need a vacation. B. The company is short of hands.C. He is afraid of losing the job.D. The boss told him to take a chance.10. A. No seats are available now. B. It’s not the right time to enter.C. It’s too dark for him to find the seat.D. She can’t get in until the interview ends.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. More cheerful. B. Less stressed. C. More resolute. D. Less attractive.12. A. To find out how clothes can affect people’s feelings.B. To show how scientists pay more attention to details.C. To prove people make fewer mistakes in lab coats.D. To test the effect of clothes on people’s attention.13. A. Body movements change the way people think.B. How people dress can change their appearance.C. What people wear can affect their performance.D. People doing different jobs wear different clothes.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Experts who specialize in preventing natural disasters.B. People trained to respond to medical emergencies.C. Super heroes devoted to defending the earth.D. Doctors and nurses who provide medical services.15. A. Decent and promising. B. Busy but secure.C. Tough and stressful.D. Demanding but well-paid.16. A. Passing a physical training program. B. Getting a certificate in CPR (心肺复苏术).C. Possessing a medical school diploma.D. Keeping calm in any situation.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. 18-26. B. 27-35. C. 36-45. D. 46-55.18. A. Jogging. B. Swimming. C. Tennis. D. Cycling.19. A. Launch a new promotion campaign. B. Carry out another survey.C. Increase the production of athletic shoes.D. Hold more athletic competitions.20. A. Make products more appealing. B. Follow the trend.C. Focus on fitness business.D. Target older customers.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Once upon a time ...Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers. At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. (21) _________(inspire), the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they produced their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations (22) ________(come).The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection (23)________(translate) into more than 160 languages up to now. The stories and their characters continue to feature in virtually every media: theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and fashion.Such fame would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the collection (24)________(sell) few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even aimed at children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales (25) __________. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their work at a time (26)__________ Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. The new rulers restricted local culture. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany.(27)_______ the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales, Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. To this day, parents still read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents.Yet (28)_______ all Wilhelm’s additions, the most important part of these stories was left untouched. The cruel treatment of children and the violent punishments handed out to the stories’ bad guys are too much for some parents.So what accounts for their popularity? Some have suggested that it is (29)_______ the characters are always striving for h appiness. But the truth probably lies in their origin. Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries (界限) of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror (30)_______ moods or interests we bring to our reading of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Microplastic PollutionIn the past few years, scientists have found microplastics in our soil, tap water, bottled water, beer and even in the air we breathe. And there’s growing concern about the _____31_____ health risks they pose to humans.The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely _____32_____ across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled. More than 1,000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame, which was _____33_____ last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide. Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland, two or three pieces per litre were found.Microplastics are not a _____34_____ kind of plastic, but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than5 mm in length according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They may _____35_____ froma variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes.Humans are known to _____36_____ the tiny plastic particles through food and water, but the possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined. One study, in Singapore, has found that microplastics can _____37_____ harmful microbes (微生物).Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches. They included insects that cause gastroenteritis (肠胃炎) and wound _____38_____ in humans.“Microplastic s are being found _____39_____ everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing,” said Christian Dunn at Bangor University, Wales, who led the work. “It’s no use looking back in 20 years’ time and saying: ‘If only we’d realized just how bad it was.’ We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think, as a country and a world, how we can be reducing our _____40_____ on plastic.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 2008, the average labour-force participation rate of 55- to 64-year-olds in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries has risen by eight percentage points. A new OECD report, “Working Better with Age”, points out that the employment of older workers i s _____41_____, if prosperity is to be maintained. That can be taken as a sign that our society is finally _____42_____ the value of its older employees.Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning rush hours. No longer do you have to sit through endless meetings or check email frequently. But work can keep the mind active and gives people a _____43_____ in life. The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but _____44_____ is sure to come. Grand plans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly lose their appeal. _____45_____, the company of colleagues provides a social network; spending all week at home can lead to loneliness.Working longer should be easier now that most jobs require _____46_____, rather than manual, labour. Of course, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannot afford to _____47_____. That is not just because governments have been pushing up the state retirement age. _____48_____, the average age at which people actually retire differs from the official age by several years. In part, that is because many people do not rely on the state pension as their only source of income and need work-related pensions to supplement it.However, companies are gradually _____49_____ pensions linked to final salaries with “defined contribution” schemes. Under the latter, workers end up with a pot of savings at retirement that needs to be _____50_____. The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates. Women tend to have smaller retirement pots (thanks to their years spent raising children), making their difficulties even more _____51_____. They need to keep working.Older workers may feel _____52_____ , particularly when it comes to promotion. Two issues seem to hold _____53_____ back. The first is that older workers tend to _____54_____ higher salaries, because of the seniority system. The second is a _____55_____ of skills；one in three 55- to 65-year-olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience or cannot pass technology tests. Such problems can be resolved with proper training, but the over-55s should take it upon themselves to keep up with technological changes.41. A. shortsighted B. vital C. adequate D. unnecessary42. A. recognizing B. assessing C. questioning D. transforming43. A. frame B. choice C. lesson D. purpose44. A. liberty B. boredom C. priority D. motivation45. A. However B. Instead C. Therefore D. Furthermore46. A. mental B. simple C. physical D. routine47. A. proceed B. continue C. persist D. quit48. A. In conclusion B. In other words C. In practice D. In particular49. A. replacing B. furnishing C. increasing D. combining50. A. registered B. reinvested C. refunded D. removed51. A. personal B. severe C. emotional D. practical52. A. competitive B. dominant C. distinguished D. disadvantaged53. A. employers B. researchers C. employees D. female workers54. A. command B. ensure C. oppose D. ignore55. A. range B. discipline C. shortage D. setSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer (编舞). Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it.A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame.Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award.But the success of Oklahoma!didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha.”Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. (Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.)During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. “I confessed t hat I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be.”Graham responded by saying,“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.”56. What can be learned about de Mille’s ballet named Rodeo?A. It earned her a large fortune.B. It made her rise to fame overnight.C. It didn’t enjoy much success.D. It laid a solid foundation for her career.57. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!?A. Relieved.B. Ashamed.C. Confused.D. Proud.58. Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha Graham ___________.A. was outstanding in visual arts and architectureB. enjoyed the same popularity as themC. had been influenced greatly by themD. was the most influential artist in her field59. Which of the following statements best represents Graham’s words in this passage?A. Comparing with others prevents you from maintaining uniqueness.B. You should always keep yourself open to the urges that motivate you.C. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music.D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life.Shipping containers are gaining popularity as an alternative to traditional houses. These 20-or 40-foot containers can be obtained for a little as several hundred US dollars apiece, and it’s not surprising that some industry professionals and even city planners consider them the future of home building. Below are details of some amazing homes made out of shipping containers.London Container City(I and II)London’s Container City first sprang up in the heart of the docklands in 2001. It tookjust five months to complete the original 12 work studios. Shortly after that, a fourth floorof studios and living apartments was built on top of these. The first container city was sosuccessful that another — Container City II — was added to it.Los Angeles Redondo Beach houseWith its modern lines and appealing spaces, the award-winning Redondo BeachHouse is a luxury beachside showpiece built from eight recycled steel shippingcontainers, along with some traditional building materials. According to thearchitects, the modified containers are “nearly indestructible”.Amsterdam KeetwonenAmsterdam’s massive Keetwonen complex houses 1,000 students an d it is the largestcontainer city in the world. The housing project is a roaring success and features units thatare quiet and comfortable. Each resident enjoys a bathroom, kitchen and separate sleepingand studying quarters. The complex even has central heating and high-speed internet aswell as areas for parking bikes.Mexico M2ATK Container HouseM2ATK designed this unique container house for an artist. It’s fully equippedwith heating and cooling, a kitchen and bathroom. On the bottom floor of the houseare ‘‘public spaces” such as the kitchen and living room. The second floor is thebedroom, and the top floor is a studio space in which to work, read and “let fly theimagination”.60. Compared to traditional houses, container houses are _________.A. easier to maintainB. less expensive to buildC. more comfortable to live inD. more fashionable in style61. What can be learned about Amsterdam’s Keetwonen complex?A. It is the first container city in the world.B. It’s equipped with mode rn facilities.C. It features a luxury and unique style.D. It includes living space and car parks.62. Which of the following is the best title for the poster?A. Recycled material for Ideal HomeB. Shipping Container Home ChallengesC. Home in a Steel BoxD. Housing Options and Solutions(C)O n August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America’s east coast, Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric-car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm’s path would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge. Like many modern vehicles, Mr. Musk’s produ cts are best thought of as internet-connected computers on wheels. The cheaper models in Tesla’s line-up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car’s software in order to limit their range. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporary access to the full power of their batteries.Mr. Musk’s computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend. As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an “internet of things”.Such a world will bring many benefits. Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non-computerized versions cannot. Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable.In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works. Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere. As a result, a series of unresolved arguments will spill over from the virtual world into the real one.Start with ownership. As Mr Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay connected to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods. That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear. When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought (the firm offered refunds). That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller.Virtual business models will jar in the physical world. Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things. But you cannot release the beta version (测试版) of a fridge. Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two. But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more. Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerised devices long after their original programmers have moved on.Data will be another flashpoint. For much of the internet the business model is to offer “free” services that are paid for with valuable user data, collected with consent (同意) that is half-informed at best. In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical. In the real one, they will feel more urgent.Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard — especially one as universal as computing. The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with starry-eyed optimism. These days the internet’s faults dominate the headlines. But the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution — which should give them some idea of what to expect.63. From the passage we can tell that Tesla can ____________.A. drive faster than usual in extreme weatherB. adjust the range of its battery powerC. charge the battery at the tap of a keyboardD. operate when the battery is fully drained64. Which of the following is NOT an example of the “unresolved arguments” mentioned in the passage?A. Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest.B. The insurance company uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers’ premiums(保费).C. Computerized machinery can’t predict its breakdowns or schedule preventiv e maintenance.D. A high-tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves.65. The underlined word jar probably means _____________ in this context.A. boomB. conflictC. vanishD. expand66. This passage is mainly about ______________.A. how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objectsB. the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expectC. what should be done to prevent the breakdown of computerized devicesD. different views on the current application of Internet TechnologySection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Essential CreativityIn a recent survey in America, 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplacethan they had anticipated it would be when they were in school.(67) _____________ It is of course possible to scan people’s brains and see which parts are firing when an idea iscreated, but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified. Creativity is whatcomes to you when you least expect it. You cannot demand creativity from your mind, nor can you demand that you arecreative in a particular way.One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people. This is not true. (68)_____________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn’t true: creativity extendsto maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature.Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones whomake the greatest changes in the world. Consequently, it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity.(69) ________________ Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense. Theyneed to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most importanttime in history for it. It used to be that people worked hard, went to university, and got a job. That was it. But now,everyone works hard, goes to university —and there aren’t the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future. (70)________________ We can use it to set ourselves apart, and channel it to face the challenges of the future.IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area. During the last 100 years, scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity. Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans. The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests. Most of this destruction is done to create pasture (牧场) for beef cattle. Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies beef to the rest of the world. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed. The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption.The introduction of exotic(外来的) species is another threat. The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife, which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species. When exotic species are introduced to a place, they try to establish a self-sustaining population. While the local species, which haven’t had a chance to evolve, often lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species.The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable (i.e. microscopic plants, decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms, namely their bodies. Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species. This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living, and less capable of producing resources that humans need.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我家门口的街道成天车水马龙。

2019-2020学年上海徐汇教院附中高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFind Your Chicago Architecture TourChicago is known around the world for its architecture. Whether you tour downtown or a neighborhood, our guides will tell you the stories behind the buildings.Must-see ChicagoMust-see Chicago is a fast-paced, 90-minute tour to Chicago featuring(以…为特色) some of its most famous buildings, including the Wrigley Building, Tribune Tower and more! Get a brief overview of more than a dozen buildings—as well as Chicago landmarks like Millennium Park, the Loop and the Chicago River.Duration: 1.5 hoursPrice: $ 26 public, free for CAC membersArchitecture HighlightsDiscover the exciting diversity(多样性) of Chicago architecture, which traces the city’s development from its founding through present day. We cover about 30 miles of Chicago design, passing through the Loop and the Gold Coast, as well as Hyde Park and other areas of the South Side. We’ll see two university campuses and several parks.Duration: 3.5 hoursPrice: $ 55 public, free for CAC membersHistoric Treasures of Chicago’s Golden AgeLearn about the great architectural landmarks of Michigan Avenue and State Street, with views inside beautiful buildings from the 1890s〜1930s. The most memorable parts include the amazing interiors(内部) of the Palmer House Hotel and the Chicago Cultural Center.Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $ 26 public, free for CAC membersElevated Architecture: Downtown “L” TrainExplore Chicago’s amazing architecture from the unique view of elevated trains and station platforms. Learn the history behind the famous “L” system and hear how it has shaped the development of buildings within theLoop. The city’s first elevated train started making trips in 1892. Now considered one of Chicago’s most wonderful features, the “L” offers impressive views of downtown.Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $ 26 public, free for CAC members1.Which tour can you choose if you want to see Millennium Park?A.Must-see Chicago.B.Historic Treasures of Chicago’s Golden AgeC.Architecture Highlights.D.Elevated Architecture：Downtown “L” Train.2.When visiting Architecture Highlights, a couple should pay ______.A.$55B.$ 110C.$ 165D.$ 2203.What can you see on the third tour?A.The Chicago River.B.The Gold Coast.C.The elevated trains.D.The Palmer House Hotel.BIn the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northernVirginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other peopleshould consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的) profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, Imet a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the IndieWeb has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).4. Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?A. His video caused many arguments.B. His video was shared without his permission.C. His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.D. His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.5. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?A. To prove that social media has some benefits.B. To advise people to break away from social media.C. To tell the negative effects social media may produce.D. To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.6. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?A. To attract more users.B. To improve network environment.C. To make more profits.D. To provide more convenientservice.7. What does the IndieWeb intend to do?A. Develop new social-media platforms.B. Remove social media from people’s lives.C. Improve the existing social-media principles.D. Help social-media companies to make reformation.CA North Atlantic right whale calf(幼崽) was discovered dead on the beach of an island off North Carolina. The male newborn was found on North Core Banks, part of the Cape Lookout National Seashore. The reports indicate that the animal died during birth or shortly after, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA). Scientists took DNA to determine the calf’s mother.This is the beginning of the right whale’s reproduction(繁殖) season, which begins mid-November and runs through mid-April. NOAA called this death a disastrous start to the season. Each new right whale calf brings somuch hope for this badly endangered animals, and losses like this have a great impact on their recovery, NOAA said.The right whale is one of the rarest marine mammals(哺乳动物) in the world, according to NOAA. They will soon be extinct unless something is done to save it, researchers warn. This kind of whale has been experiencing an Unusual Death Event over the past three years, according to NOAA. Since 2017, at least 32 dead and 13 seriously wounded whales have been documented by the organization. “This means more than 10 percent of the remaining population,” according to NOAA.NOAA posted a piece of news on Monday, the same day they announced the calf’s death, warning boaters to be watchful as the whales are migrating(迁徙) nearly 1,000 miles along the Atlantic Coast. The organization calls for boaters to be watchful, slow down and to give these endangered whales plenty of room. They also ask all fishermen to remove their unused nets from the ocean to help avoid possibledamage.8. Why did scientists take DNA of the calf?A. To save its mother.B. To confirm its identity.C. To determine the time of its death.D. To uncover the cause of its death.9. How many right whales are left according to the passage?A. About 40.B. About 50.C. About 400.D. About 500.10. What do we know aboutNorth Atlanticright whales?A. Their reproduction season usually last about half a year.B. They are the rarest marine mammals in the world.C. They are experiencing a high death rate of newborns.D. Their habitat runs nearly 1,000 miles along the coast.11. What’s the main purpose of the news posted on Monday?A. To announce the calf’s unusual death.B. To remind boaters to watch the whales.C. To protect the boats against the whales.D. To assist the whales’ seasonal migration.DWhen a fire broke out in my home in the middle of the night, I knew I'd do anything I could to save my family. The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up inthe middle of the night with a drymouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.I was walking back upstairs from the kitchen when I heard my bulldog , Rock. Whatever Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what. I think that was his way of telling me, "We've got to go back up. "When I got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didn't remember leaving one on. I walked downstairs again, and that's when I saw fire. I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids. I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof. I then pried open the window and kicked out the screen. I started screaming for help. But help never came. I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof. I didn't scoot to the edge; I just jumped and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed. I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to the roof. I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine - month - old with my teeth, by his little sleeper. Then I climbed down the ladder. Once on the ground, I had my little girl hold her brother, and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter. Then I went back up again and got my wife. I tried to get my dog, but he just disappeared in the black smoke. I never saw him alive again,I'm no hero. I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just likeRock—he lived to protect us.12. What made the author wake up at 2:30am?A. My dog's barkingB. The medicine's effectC. A burning fireD. A noise downstairs13. How did Rock tell the author the danger downstairs?A. He turned on a light downstairs.B. He ran to the author's room upstairs.C. He kept barking and running up to stairs.D. He made some noise at the bottom of the stairs.14. What did the author do after his family all stood on the roof?A. He placed a blanket to keep warm.B. He started screaming for help.C. He jumped off the roof.D. He broke open the window and kicked out the screen15. Which ofthe following best describe the author?A. Courageous and responsibleB. Caring and selfishC. Loyal and braveD. Strong and considerate第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2023-2024学年第一学期上海徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2023.12考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Painting B.Photography C.Playing guitar D.Cooking2. A.Rainy days B.Sunny days C.Cloudy days D.Snowy days3. A.Graduated B.Got married C.Bought a house D.Got promoted4. A.Paris B.Tokyo C.Rome D.Athens5. A.Shopping B.Eating C.Reading D.Working out6. A.Travel plans B.Career goals C.Relationship status D.Hobbies7. A.Dragon Rolls B.Sashimi C.Salmon Rolls D.Tempura Rolls8. A.Business Administration B.Environmental Scienceputer ScienceD.Psychology9. A.Entertainment only B.Medical purposescation and trainingD.Virtual tourism10. A.Improving health B.Building muscleC.FlexibilityD.Weight lossSection BDirections:In Section B,you will hear several longer conversation(s)and short passage(s),and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s)and the passage(s).The conversation(s) and the passage(s)will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.Once a day B.Twice a day C.Three times a day D.Every other day12. A.To improve digestion B.To prevent bad breathC.To enhance tooth surfaceD.To reduce the risk of decayed tooth13. A.Early detection of issues B.Emergency tooth extractionC.Teeth whitening proceduresD.Improving gum healthQuestions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.Cooking at home with the help of familyB.Quick and convenient access to favorite mealsC.Dining out regularly so as to have balanced nutritionD.Avoiding all junk food which only tastes nice15. A.Slow preparation and nice cooking B.Accurate delivery time estimatesC.Quick preparation and deliveryD.Unlimited menu options to be confusing16. A.Limited choices B.Providing various tastes and preferencesC.Only offering pizza and burgersD.Exclusively featuring local foods Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.Keep all copies in hotel safe for important documentsB.Make copies and leave one set with someone back homeC.Don't make copies to avoid misplacementD.Share copies with fellow travelers18. e local SIM cards so as to get touch with family quicklyB.Check in only when changing countriese messaging apps and a local SIM card for emergenciesD.Avoid communication to focus on the trip19. A.Always carry large amounts of cashe RFID-blocking wallets and backpacksC.Avoid crowded areas entirelyD.Trust strangers to watch your belongings20. A.Avoid vaccinations and bring your own food for health purpose.B.Eat and drink anything available,especially those with local flavorsC.Explore information on vaccinations and health guidelines.D.Don't worry about staying thirsty.II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Perhaps even more incredible is that it’s smack bang in the middle of Kentucky.Mammoth Cave National Park preserves this unique and historical natural wonder.As large as the limestone cave system is,park officials,estimate there(21)_______be another600miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored.(22)_____________________those unexplored,more than200caves exist in the park that are disconnected from the larger system.The incredible rock formations have resulted in the park(23)_______(recognize)as a World Heritage Site,thanks to its extraordinary size and scientific importance–making it one of only13 natural US sites with that title.The caves were created naturally by the process of limestone erosion,which is known as“karst topography”.Rain and rivers slowly dissolve and shape soft limestone,which creates the vast underground network.The system is still being shaped and carved today.Not only are they a stunning destination to visit,but the system also provides drinking water for roughly40%of the US population–and they’re(24)_______historical significance too.The caves act as a time capsule that preserve over5,000years of human history–and the caves’first explorers were Native Americans,who(25)_______(mine)the upper levels of Mammoth Cave. Thanks to the cave system’s atmosphere and natural protection from any kind of human disturbance,the archaeological sites have been left in great shape.Several sets of Native American remains have been recovered,(26)_______(provide)fascinating evidence of pre-Columbian funerary practices.Mammoth Cave was established as a national park thanks to strong local support.Back in the 1920s,Secretary of the Interior Hubert Work created the Southern Appalachian National Park Commission in1925to survey(27)_______(propose)park sites,including the caves.After years of work acquiring the land for the park,as well as building roads,trails,and public facilities,Mammoth Cave National Park was established on July1,1941.Pioneering African Americans were some of the first cave guides,and are responsible for some of the more recently discovered passageways.Stephen Bishop,who was a slave,worked in the cave from 1838to1856and ventured beyond the tour routes that(28)______(establish).He crossed a terrifying drop called the“bottomless pit”to discover unmapped areas of the cave system.Although they were unrecognized at the time,pioneers like Bishop helped spark the golden age of cave exploration.The park now receives around2million visitors a year,with roughly a quarter taking a tour of the caves–everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous scrambling tours on offer.The cave supports more than130wildlife species,such as the eyeless cavefish,(29)_______has adapted to the lightless environment by no longer growing eyes,and the cave crayfish.Mammoth Cave National Park is also much more than just a cave;its surrounding forest contains one of(30)_______(diverse)habitats in the country.There are miles of trails open for horseback riding, with kayak and canoe trails and great fishing spots.There are also more than1,300flowering species in the forest,and animals like wood warblers,thrushes,and bald eagles can regularly be spotted. Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.attractionB.waitingC.mysteryD.uniqueE.simplyF.originallyG.stable H.popularity I.donating J.searching K.interfereThere’s a rarely-visited,dusty corner of the world where something magical happens.The place, which looks like Mars with its red rock landscape,is the Tatacoa Desert,in Colombia.Tatacoa is located in the region of Huila,south of the country’s capital Bogotá.Although Tatacoa, with its protruding cacti and red rippled rocks,is called a desert,it is in fact a dry tropical forest.But the exciting,and very(31)_______,feature of this desert,is what happens above it,at night.Thanks to its remote location–it’s almost30miles and an hour’s drive over bumpy winding roads to the nearest town–Tatacoa has no light pollution to(32)_______with the night sky.Up to88constellations(星座)are visible on a clear night,as well as both hemispheres–somethingthat happens nowhere else in the world.The warm and dry climate helps with stargazing;a(33)_______atmosphere,which happens in dry spots or places of high elevation,decreases something called scintillation,which is when a star’s light rises and falls rapidly.It’s why stars twinkle,which looks beautiful but isn’t so great for astronomers.Not only is Tatacoa a natural wonder,but the DIY observatory that’s run by a Colombian man named Javier Fernanda Rua Restrepo has become a star(34)_______too.In fact,this humble building attracts stargazers from all over the world,from China to Iceland to Australia.And Restrepo has also become well-known in astronomer circles,with a few scientists(35)_______their own telescopes to support the grassroots observatory.The Colombian,who is(36)_______from Cali,fell in love with the stars thanks to his father’s interest in astronomy and science,and first visited Tatacoa in1997,to try to see the Comet Hale-Bopp. He stayed for a couple of days before heading back to his hometown.But within a month,he returned to Tatacoa–and never left,camping out for weeks on end(37)_______for the night to come so that he could watch the stars.At first Restrepo had worked at the Colombian government’s observatory,which he helped staff for 15years.But after budget cuts meant he lost his job,he figured he would(38)_______build his own.In2015,Restrepo opened the doors to his observatory–Tatacoa Astronomia–with just one telescope. Now,as Colombia has grown in(39)_______as a tourist destination,hundreds flock to Restrepo’s star party,which he holds once a year in July.Tatacoa Astronomia is only open on starry nights,and Restrepo remains the sole employee.But that doesn’t distract from the intimacy and the specialness of the place.The structure sits on a small patch of land that Restrepo bought himself,and is cordoned（隔离）off by tarpaulin（油布）to add an extra sense of(40)_______and intrigue（阴谋）for visitors.“The stars…they put my life into its tiny perspective,”he says,“and they constantly remind me there are greater things out there.”III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Acupuncture（针灸）,an ancient Chinese medical practice,has been the remedy for countless patients for thousands of years.Before modern medicine came to life,ancient Chinese used stone tools to(41)_______pain.Over time,this primitive practice(42)_______evolved into a comprehensive andprofound medical system and(43)_______the root of acupuncture.Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to(44)_______the body’s self-regulating functions.Its therapeutic principles are in line with the(45)_______concepts of traditional Chinese medicine,which emphasizes all-inclusive treatment,meridian（经络）adjustment,balance of bodily functions and overall physiological well-being.Practices can(46)_______in forms,including needle insertion,cupping and scraping.Needle insertion,the most common method,is(47)_______by inserting hair-thin needles into meridians,(48) _______specific points on the body that(49)_______vital energy(the qi).Practitioners lift,twirl and rotate needles to unblock the flow of energy;(50)_______yin and yang balance;and stimulate the body’s innate(51)_______to heal itself.Looking beyond China,acupuncture has become a global(52)_______.Over the years, acupuncture has seen many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine.It is now a mainstream(53)_______and complementary treatment for a variety of weaknesses.According to a 2019WHO report,acupuncture is used in113of its120member countries,(54)_______its widespread recognition and application.As an ancient Chinese medical(55)_______with a rich history and deep cultural significance, acupuncture is an embodiment of profound cultural heritage and a holistic path to healing.41. A.relieve B.resume C.release D.rebel42. A.radically B.gradually C.reluctantly D.randomly43. A.cultivated B.evaluated C.shaped D.eliminated44. A.promote B.reflect C.alternate D.perform45. A.occasional B.philosophical C.considerable D.mechanical46. A.arise B.heal C.vary D.survive47. A.taken over B.ended up C.figured out D.carried out48. A.or B.and C.while D.with49. A.block B.generate C.motivate D.channel50. A.terrify B.stimulate C.reserve D.restore51. A.willingness B.instinct C.potential D.nutrient52. A.liberty B.therapy C.curiosity D.wonderland53. A.proportion B.alternative C.procedure D.affection54. A.illustrating B.predicting C.featuring D.nominating55. A.assessment B.occupation C.practice D.obedienceSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AHan Guorui,a folk artist specializing in making Dongming grainpictures,is generally busy in autumn as he needs to collect materials forhis work.This year,he has been even busier,as he has attended fairs todemonstrate his skills and promote grain art.The grain pictures,which take their name from Dongming county inHeze,Shandong province,are a traditional folk craft with a history ofmore than200years.The practice was listed as a provincial intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产)in2016by the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism.After being treated to prevent decay and insect infestation,grains,grass and vegetable seeds are glued together to form a picture."We use the different shapes and colors of grains and seeds,which are all collected from the field," says Han.Born in Dongming,a county along the banks of the Yellow River,he attended a regional fair in mid-October.His pictures attracted many children who asked questions,such as,"will these seeds sprout",and"can these grains be eaten?"Han answered the children’s questions while showing them how to use grains and seeds to make a picture."Only now,when food is sufficient,can people make a picture with surplus grain,"he says.To make pictures that more people like,Han works in the style of Chinese ink and Western oil paintings.Now his grain pictures are not only sold in cities across China,but also to overseas markets, including some European countries,South Korea and Japan,he says."Grain pictures have become a cultural product that is helping to enrich farmers living on the Yellow River plain,"says Han.The Yellow River,the country’s second longest,is considered the cradle of Chinese civilization. For thousands of years,the people living along its banks have nurtured rich and vibrant cultures that have endured to this day.To give people the opportunity to familiarize themselves with its rich culture and plentiful products, Shandong province has organized fairs named after the river throughout the year,with some events held in communities to involve more people.At the fairs,intangible cultural heritage items,handicrafts,local delicacies,performances,and agricultural products are available.At one fair in a community in Jinan,the capital city of Shandong,in late October,more than10types of handicrafts were on show,including gourd-carving,paper-cutting,textiles and hemp rope weaving."The fair builds a bridge between intangible cultural heritage producers and ing items that are embodied with traditional culture is a good way to pass on culture,"says Sun Xicai, deputy director of Jinan Folk Literature and Art Association.At the fair,60-something Yu Shaoqing,who was selling animal-shaped textile products,attracted a lot of buyers."Many young people show an interest in my products.They buy them to decorate their rooms and cars,"says Yu.Yu,who worked in embroidery design before retiring,designs her products,which take the shape of animals like tigers,rabbits and ducks.Currently,she is working on a dragon design for next year to welcome the Year of the Dragon.56.What do the grains undergo before being used in the artwork?A.Grains are carefully selected,painted in various colors and air-dried.B.Grains and seeds are bonded following certain preservative treatment.C.Grains and seeds are well preserved so that they will spout.D.Grains are carved and then assembled into a picture.57.People make grain pictures_______.A.due to advancements in technologyB.because of nurtured rich and vibrant cultures along the Yellow RiverC.in situations where there is a sufficient and excessive supply of grainsD.as a result of government’s financial supports for local artists58.What types of products and cultural elements were available at the fairs organized by Shandongprovince throughout the year?A.Electronics and fashion items;performances showcasing modern technologyB.Handicrafts,local delicacies,performances,and items embodied with traditional cultureC.Industrial machinery and tools;demonstrations of manufacturing processesD.Luxury goods and designer fashion;fashion shows featuring international designersBPersistently engaging in negative thinking patterns may raise the risk of Alzheimer’s disease,finds a new UCL-led study.In the study of people aged over55,published in Alzheimer’s&Dementia,researchers found ‘repetitive negative thinking’(RNT)is linked to subsequent cognitive decline as well as the deposition(沉积)of harmful brain proteins linked to Alzheimer’s.Lead author Dr Natalie Marchant(UCL Psychiatry)said:“Depression and anxiety in mid-life and old age are already known to be risk factors for dementia（痴呆）.Here,we found that certain thinking patterns implicated in depression and anxiety could be an underlying reason why people with those disorders are more likely to develop dementia.“We hope that our findings could be used to develop strategies to lower people’s risk of dementia by helping them to reduce their negative thinking patterns.”For the Alzheimer’s Society-supported study,the research team from UCL,INSERM and McGill University studied292people over the age of55who were part of the PREVENT-AD cohort study,and a further68people from the IMAP+cohort.Over a period of two years,the study participants responded to questions about how they typically think about negative experiences,focusing on RNT patterns like rumination(沉思)about the past and worry about the future.The participants also completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms.Their cognitive function was assessed,measuring memory,attention,spatial cognition,and language.Some(113)of the participants also underwent PET brain scans,measuring deposits of tau and amyloid,two proteins which cause the most common type of dementia,Alzheimer’s disease,when they build up in the brain.The researchers found that people who exhibited higher RNT patterns experienced more cognitive decline over a four-year period,and declines in memory(which is among the earlier signs of Alzheimer’s disease),and they were more likely to have amyloid and tau deposits in their brain.“We propose that repetitive negative thinking may be a new risk factor for dementia as it could contribute to dementia in a unique way,”said Dr Marchant.The researchers suggest that RNT may contribute to Alzheimer’s risk via its impact on indicators of stress such as high blood pressure,as other studies have found that physiological stress can contribute to amyloid and tau deposition.Co-author Dr Gael Chételat commented:“Our thoughts can have a biological impact on our physical health,which might be positive or negative.Mental training practices such as meditation might help promoting positive-while down-regulating negative-associated mental schemes.“Looking after your mental health is important,and it should be a major public health priority,as it’s not only important for people’s health and well-being in the short term,but it could also impact your eventual risk of dementia.”59.Repetitive negative thinking(RNT)is linked to______.A.thinking approach improvement in later yearster cognitive decline and the deposit of harmful brain proteins.C.anxiety disorders which occurs in females solelyD.individuals of younger age,which is turning into a trend60.According to Dr.Natalie Marchant,certain thinking patterns_______.A.have no substantial impact on dementiaB.are primary contributors to depression and anxiety disordersC.could be a reason why some people are more likely to get dementia.D.Relevant primarily in mid-life,not in old age61.In the study over a period of two years,the participants were asked about their_______.A.favorite personal experiencesB.daily routines and habitsC.typical thinking about negative experiencesD.perspectives on various mental health practices62.What do the researchers propose as a potential new risk factor for dementia?A.Depression and anxiety disordersB.Accumulation of amyloid and tau deposits in the brainC.Repetitive positive thinking patternsD.Repetitive negative thinking patternsCZion National Park in Utah has plenty of trails,butAngels Landing may be the most breathtaking.Picture this.You begin the hike on the wide and well-maintained WestRim Trail.It follows the river and then crosses the bottom ofthe canyon,surrounded by270-million-year-old layers ofrock.Relaxing,right?Just wait for it.The trail then starts toclimb via a series of switchbacks(急转弯)leading up theside of the mountain.Then more switchbacks:21tighter turns,called“Walter’s Wiggles,”where elevation levels rapidly increase.Your heartbeat is probably rapidly increasing at this point,too.On top of Walter’s Wiggles,you can stop for a stunning view(perhaps with a marriage proposal) and a restroom stop while you contemplate(仔细考虑)the final stretch of the hike.If you’re afraid of heights,it’s best to turn back now.The last stretch is the real test of bravery.The last half mile of the hike is what really ranks it as one of the nation’s most dangerous.Angels Landing itself is a fin-like formation jutting（突出）1,500feet out of the canyon,and this is where you make the final500-foot climb.Guardrails and chains bolted（拴住）into the cliff help you keep from tumbling over the extremely steep ledge.You’re literally living on the edge,and you don’t want to trustthe“angels”down there to catch you.Once you reach the top,however,it’ll all be worth it:360-degree views of the canyon make a great backdrop for kicking back and having a meal before you come back down the way you came.Angels Landing might be dangerous,but thankfully,not too many people have had fatal falls. According to the park website,seven people have died in the100years the park has existed.Still,this is a very vigorous hike.If you’re out of shape,bringing young children along,feel ill or prone to fainting,or are just plain afraid of heights,opt for an easier trail.Angel’s Landing is a great hike for most of the year,besides the cold winter months when the trails could become dangerously slippery.Summer is the most popular time of year—and therefore the most crowded—but it can also get extremely hot,so opt for an early morning hike while the temperatures are still mild.Sure,it’s dangerous,but there’s a reason this is one of Zion‘s most popular hikes.If you’re up for the challenge,Angels Landing will definitely deliver rewards.This article first appeared on .63.What geological feature surrounds the hiker during the initial part of the hike?A.Plenty of trails in the park.B.Mountain Peaks.C.270-million-year-old layers of rock.D.Grass Meadows.64.What is the main attraction and appeal of Angels Landing?A.The challenging hike with switchbacksB.The360-degree views of the canyonC.The well-maintained West Rim TrailD.The river crossing and rock formations65.Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A.If a tourist is afraid of heights,it’s best to turn back onto Angels Landing.B.Seven people have died so far due to slippery trails in winter.C.Bringing young kids along to climb onto Angels Landing will be appreciated.D.Taking a break with the views of the canyon as background is absolutely worth the trip.66.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A.Unveiling the Hidden Beauty:Exploring Zion National Park's TrailsB.Zion's Ultimate Thrill:The Adrenaline-Pumping Angels Landing ExpeditionC.Chasing Heights:Angels Landing Adventure in Utah's Zion National ParkD.Angels Landing:Conquering Utah's Breathtaking and Daring Hike in Zion National Park Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight,but studies show clearly that it helps both physical and mental health.B.And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space,they often lack playgrounds,tracks and exercise facilitiesC.A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity.D.It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children12and older and surgery to teens13and older.E.Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised.F.They have significant side effects for both kids and adults.The rate of childhood obesity in the U.S.has tripled over the past50years.But what this trend means for children’s long-term health,and what to do about it(if anything),is not so clear.The American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP)made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive,family-oriented lifestyle and behavior plans.(67) ________________________________This advice marks a shift from the organization’s previous stance of“watch and wait,”and it reflects the AAP’s belief that obesity is a disease and the group’s adoption of a more proactive position on childhood obesity.Yet the lifestyle programs the AAP recommends are expensive,inaccessible to most children and hard to maintain—and the guidelines acknowledge these barriers.Few weight-loss drugs have been approved for older children,although many are used off-label.(68) ________________________________And surgery,while becoming more common,has inherent risks and few long-term safety data—it could,for instance,cause nutritional deficits in growing children. Furthermore,it’s not clear whether interventions in youngsters help to improve health or merely add to the stigma overweight kids face from a fat-phobic society.This stigma can lead to mental health problems and eating disorders.Rather than fixating on numbers on a scale,the U.S.and countries with similar trends should focus on an underlying truth:we need to invest in more and safer places for children to play where they can move and run around,climb and jump,ride and skate.(69)________________________________In2020the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found,unsurprisingly,that kids’sports participation increases with their parents’incomes: about70percent of kids whose families earn more than$105,000a year participate in sports,but only 51percent of middle-class kids and31percent of children at or below the poverty line do.This disparity hurts people of color the most.More than60percent of white children,for instance,participate in。