外文资料翻译

毕业设计外文资料翻译

学 院： 建筑工程学院

专 业： 土木工程

姓 名： 陶华

学 号： Z061401211

外文出处： Emerald Insight

附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

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年 月 日 (用外文写)

Structure in Design of Architecture

And Structural Material

We have and the architects must deal with the spatial aspect of activity,

physical, and symbolic needs in such a way that overall performance integrity

is assured. Hence, he or she well wants to think of evolving a building

environment as a total system of interacting and space forming subsystems. Is

represents a complex challenge, and to meet it the architect will need a

hierarchic design process that provides at least three levels of feedback

thinking: schematic, preliminary, and final.

Such a hierarchy is necessary if he or she is to avoid being confused , at

conceptual stages of design thinking ,by the myriad detail issues that can

distract attention from more basic considerations .In fact , we can say that

an architect’s ability to distinguish the more basic form the more detailed

issues is essential to his success as a designer .

The object of the schematic feed back level is to generate and evaluate

overall site-plan, activity-interaction, and building-configuration

options .To do so the architect must be able to focus on the interaction of the

basic attributes of the site context, the spatial organization, and the symbolism

as determinants of physical form. This means that ,in schematic terms ,the

architect may first conceive and model a building design as an organizational

abstraction of essential performance-space in teractions.Then he or she may

explore the overall space-form implications of the abstraction. As an actual

building configuration option begins to emerge, it will be modified to include

consideration for basic site conditions.

At the schematic stage, it would also be helpful if the designer could

visualize his or her options for achieving overall structural integrity and

consider the constructive feasibility and economic of his or her scheme .But this will require that the architect and/or a consultant be able to conceptualize

total-system structural options in terms of elemental detail .Such overall

thinking can be easily fed back to improve the space-form scheme.

At the preliminary level, the architect’s emphasis will shift to the

elaboration of his or her more promising schematic design options .Here the

architect’s structural needs will shift to approximate design of specific

subsystem options. At this stage the total structural scheme is developed to

a middle level of specificity by focusing on identification and design of major

subsystems to the extent that their key geometric, component, and interactive

properties are established .Basic subsystem interaction and design conflicts

can thus be identified and resolved in the context of total-system objectives.

Consultants can play a significant part in this effort; these preliminary-level

decisions may also result in feedback that calls for refinement or even major

change in schematic concepts.

When the designer and the client are satisfied with the feasibility of a

design proposal at the preliminary level, it means that the basic problems of

overall design are solved and details are not likely to produce major change .The

focus shifts again ,and the design process moves into the final level .At this

stage the emphasis will be on the detailed development of all subsystem specifics .

Here the role of specialists from various fields, including structural

engineering, is much larger, since all detail of the preliminary design must

be worked out. Decisions made at this level may produce feedback into Level II

that will result in changes. However, if Levels I and II are handled with insight,

the relationship between the overall decisions, made at the schematic and

preliminary levels, and the specifics of the final level should be such that

gross redesign is not in question, Rather, the entire process should be one of

moving in an evolutionary fashion from creation and refinement (or modification)

of the more general properties of a total-system design concept, to the fleshing

out of requisite elements and details. To summarize: At Level I, the architect must first establish, in conceptual

terms, the overall space-form feasibility of basic schematic options. At this

stage, collaboration with specialists can be helpful, but only if in the form

of overall thinking. At Level II, the architect must be able to identify the