美国文学史名词解释优选

America n Purita nism 美国清教主义

Simply speaking, American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in

the North America n con ti nent in the early part of the seve ntee nth cen tury because of

religious persecutio ns. 美国清教主义指的是清教徒的精神和理想

的定居在北美大陆十七世纪初期由于内容的宗教迫害。

It migration that laid the foundation for the religious, intellectual, and social

order of New En gla nd. 它为新英格兰奠定了宗教，知识和社会秩序的基础。

Puritans adhered to the Five Points of Calvinism as codified at the Synod of Dort: unconditional election, limited atonement, total depravity, irresistible grace and

the persevera nee of the sai nts. 清教徒遵循加尔文派于多特宗教会议上制定的五点信

条：无条件拣选，有限救赎，完全堕落，不可抗拒的恩典，以及圣徒的坚守。

It is basis of America n literature. All literature is based on a myth — garde n

of Ede n.

It con tribut ing to the developme nt of Symbolism: a tech niq ue, widely used.

它是美国文学的基础。所有文学基于一个神话一一伊甸园。

它的发展导致的象征主义：技术,广泛使用。

America n Roma nticism 美国浪漫主义

The Roma ntic Period, one of the most importa nt periods in the history of America n

literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started

with the publicatio n of Wash ington Irvi ng's The Sketch Book and en ded with Whitma n's

Leaves of Grass.

浪漫主义时期是美国文学历史上最重要的时期，从18世纪末延伸至爆发内战。它始于华盛 顿•欧文的《见闻札记》，以惠特曼的《草叶集》结束。

In literature it was America ' s first great creative period, a full flowering of

the roma ntic impulse on American soil. 在文学上，这个时期是美国第一次伟大的创作

期，浪漫主义的种子在北美的土壤里生根发芽。

America n roma nticism was in esse nee the expressi on of “ a real new experie nee ”

and contained “an alien quality ” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the

place ” was radically new and alien. 美国浪漫主义在本质上是一个“全新的经历”

的表达，因为这个新大陆充满着生机和活力而使美国的浪漫主义蕴含异国的气质。

Purita n in flue nee over America n roma nticism was con spicuously no ticeable.

America n roma ntic authors ten ded more to moralize. Many America n roma ntic writi ngs inten

ded to edify more tha n they en terta in ed.

清教主义对美国浪漫主义有着显着的影响。浪漫主义作家往往更讲道德。许多浪漫主义作 品旨在陶冶他们过瘾了。

Subjectivity, back to medieval, esp medieval folk literature, back to n ature is

自然是 浪漫主义的特征。

It stress ing emoti on rather tha n reas on, stress ing freedom and in dividuality.

Idealism rather tha n materialism. Writi ng about n ature, medieval lege nds and with

supernatural elements.强调情感，而不是原因，强调自由和个性，理想主义，而不是唯物 主义。写关于自然、中世纪的传说和超自然的元素

America n Transcenden talism 美国超验主义

It is the summit of American Romanticism. The beliefs that God is immanent in each pers on

and in n ature and that in dividual in tuiti on is the highest source of

knowledge led to an optimistic emphasis on individualism, self-relianee, and

rejection of traditio nal authority. 它是美国浪漫主义的顶峰。超验主义者认为人人

都有内在的神性，只有通过接触自然才能使神性与人的天性相融合，从而超验主义十分强 调个人主义、自立、拒绝传统权威思想。

The tran sce nden talists placed emphasis on spirit, or the oversoul, as the most importa nt thing

in the uni verse. They stressed the importa nee of the in dividual.

Taki ng n ature as the symbol of the Spirit. 超验主义者强调精神，或超灵，认为它

是是宇宙中最重要的事情。他们强调个人的重要性，以自然为精神的象征。

It helped to create the first American renaissanee — one of the most prolific period in America n

literature. It marked the in depe ndence of America n literature. 建 romanticism ' s characteristics. 主体性，回到中世纪，尤其是中世纪民间文学，回归

立第一个美国文艺复兴时期，美国文学中最多产时期之一。标志着美国文学的独立。

The ideas of transcenden talism were most eloque ntly expressed by Emers on in such essays

as Nature, and Self-Relia nee and by Thoreau in his book Walde n.

超验主义思想在爱默生的《论自然》和《论自立》以及梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》等书中表现的 淋漓尽致。

Free verse 自由诗

Free verse is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any

predetermined verse structure; it uses the cadences of nature speech.

Free verse does so in a looser way. Whitman ' s poetry is an example of free verse at its most

impressive. Such as the Song of Myself. Whitman who pioneered the form and made it

acceptable in America n poetry. 自由诗是一种诗体，押韵和句子长度都

不规则，而是采取正常说话的方式，避免固定的诗体结构。它使用大自然的韵律演讲。自 由诗比较松散。惠特曼的诗歌是自由诗的最好例子。例如《自我之歌》 。

惠特曼被认为是美国自由诗的先驱。

Alliterati on 头韵

It refers to the repetiti on of the same sounds----usually in itial consonants of

words or of stressed syllables---」n any seque nee of n eighbori ng

words: ” Landscape-lover, lord of Ianguage ” (Tennyson). Such poetry, in which

alliterati on rather tha n rhyme is the chief prin ciple of repetitio n, is known as

alliteration verse. 头韵是两个单词或两个单词以上的首字母相同，形成悦耳的读音，

最常见的押头韵的短语” Landscape-lover, lord of Ianguage ” (丁尼生)。主要使用重复

头韵的诗歌被称为头韵体诗歌，其元音相互押韵

Scarlet Letter (A: Adultery to Able to An gel) Natha niel Hawthorne

Characters: Hester Prynne (her oine, attractive, active towards the si n)

Roger Chillingworth (Hester's husband, emotionless, only thinking about