S=12反铁磁海森堡自旋链规则掺杂S=1杂质的蒙特卡罗模拟
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OneffectofregularS=1dilutionofS=1/2antiferromagneticHeisenbergchainsbyaquantumMonteCarlosimulation
FengpingJin,ZhaoxinXu∗,HepingYingandBoZhengZhejiangInstituteofModernPhysics,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,P.R.China
(Dated:December7,2005)TheeffectofS1=1regularlydilutioninS2=1/2isotropicantiferromagneticchainisinvestigatedbyaquantumMonteCarlosimulation.Ournumericalresultsshowthattwokindsofground-statephasesalternatewithavariationoftheS1=1concentration.Whentheeffectivespininoneunitcellishalf-integerthegroundstateisferrimagneticwithgaplessenergyspectrumandthemagnetismdecreaseswithdecreasingofspinS1concentration,ρ=1/K.Whiletheeffectivespinisinteger,anon-magneticgroundstatewithagappedspectrumisemerged,andthegapdecaysgraduallyinatendencyfittedas∆≈1.25√2Therearetwodilutionlimitsofthemodeldenotedbytheimpurityconcentrationρ=1/K:(i)ρ=0,theundopedpureAFchain,whichhasanon-magneticgroundstate;(ii)ρ=0.5,thealternatingarrayofS1-S2chains.AccordingtotheMarshalltheoremandLieb-Schultz-Mattis(LSM)theorem[17],thegroundstateofsuchdopedsystemscanbespecifiedbyaspinquantumnumberS=0(|S1−S2|N/K)forK=oddorevencases,theyareeitheraspinsingletorferrimagnetic.IftheeffectivespinSeffinaK-spincellishalf-integer,thesystemhasagaplessenergyspectrum.WhenSeffisinteger,thoughLSMtheoremfailstopredicttheenergyspectrumgappedorgapless,ithasbeenfoundbythenon-linearσmodelstudythatanenergygapisemerged[6,7].However,thedetailsofgroundstatepropertiesandthermodynamicshavenotbeengivenbysuchnon-linearσmodelanalysis.Theauthorsofpresentpaperhaverecentlyengagedonthemodel(1)fortheS1=1/2andS2=1casebyusingthequantumloop/clusteralgorithm[21,18],wherethenumericalresultsrevealnon-trivialmagneticpropertieshappenedbetweentwokindsofdilutioncases.ForoddS2=1spinsinaunitcell,thesystemhasamagneticgroundstateanditshowsferrimagneticfeatures;whileforevenS2=1,thesystementersnon-magneticgroundstateswithAF-likecharacter.Forboththeodd-evencases,thegroundstatesareallgaplesssteadilyandthesystemgraduallyturnsfromtheferrimagneticgroundstateofthealternatingS1-S2chaintothedisorderedgroundstateofpurespin-1AFchainundertwodifferenttendencies.InthisLetter,wewillstudyanoppositecasewithS1=1andS2=1/2.PreviousanalyticalworkpredictedthatifoddS2=1/2spinsinacellwhereSeffishalf-integer,thegroundstateisferrimagneticwithagaplessenergyspectrum;whileevenS2=1/2inthecellwhereSeffinteger,thegroundstateisnon-magneticandthesystemkeepsitsenergygap.OurstudywillfocusonhowthegroundstatepropertiesdependontheS1=1concentrationρandthemagneticpropertiesatfinitetemperaturesevoluteasρdecreases.
II.CALCULATIONANDRESULTSWeusetheefficientcontinuousimaginarytimeversionofloopclusteralgorithmtoperformtheMCsimulation[20],whichhasbeensuccessfullyappliedfortheothermixed-spinchains[21,18].Thereliabilityandaccuracyofthealgorithmhavebeenverifiednumericallyundercalculationsofthegroundstateenergy,theenergygapandtheuniformmagneticsusceptibilityforthedifferentmodels,includingthepurespinS=1chain,thealternating1-12mixed-spinchains.The
resultsobtainedareconsistentwiththeanalyticalcalculations[12]andothernumericalresultsbythedensitymatrixrenormalizationgroupandthequantumMCsimulations[12,10,19,23],withinacceptablenumericalerrors[22].ThusweconfirmourselfthatthecurrentMCsimulationisalsoefficientandcredibleforthemodel(1).WeconfineourstudytothehomogeneousAFcouplings(Ji=J>0)cases,andthepositionsofspinS1=1/2andS2=1arearrangedbytheequation(2)forKfrom2to11.Indetail,the105MCstepsarecarriedoutforestimatingphysicalquantitiesafter103MCstepsforthethermalization.Inordertoclarifythegroundstateproperties,thesimulationsareperformedatverylowtemperature,β=1/T=200,forthesystemsizesofL∼200inconditionofevennumberofunitcellsinthechain.ThemeasuredphysicalquantitiesarethegroundstateenergyEG,theuniformmagneticsusceptibilityχuandstaggeredsusceptibilityχsbyusingtheimprovedestimatorsintheloopclusteralgorithm,
=β
4Vβclusterc|C|2MC,(4)
wherewt(c)isthewindingnumberofaclustercand|C|istheclustersize.Themagnetizationandstaggeredmagnetizationaredefinedby
=3(iSzi)2MC(5)
http://www.paper.edu.cn 3and=3(i(−1)iSzi)2MC,(6)
respectively,andtheenergygap∆isestimatedinthesamewaygivenbyTodoandKato[23]=limL→∞
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