小学英语名词语法讲解

指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。可分为专有
名词与普通名词，可数名词与不可数名词，简单名词与复合名词。
普通名词：人和物，物有可数名词和不可数名词。
专有名词：人名、地名、国家名、单位名、组织名（有一个特点：第一字母
是大写的）
（一）名词的所有关系
① 在英语中，有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式
称为该名词的所有格。大多数表示有生命的东西。但是表示时间的名词特殊
如. Tom’s book My mother’s book 3 hours’ time
② 如果复数名词末尾已有s就直接加 ’ 。如 the teachers’ office
③ 如果一些物品为两者共有，只需在后一个名词后加’s ；如果为各自所
有，则需在每个名词后加’s。
如. Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.Lucy 和 Lily共用一个卧室
Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms.Lucy 和 Lily分别拥有各自的卧室
④ 表示无生命的物体的名词所有格，一般与of短语连用。
如 a map of the world a photo of my family
⑤ 双重所有格把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。
如 a friend of my father’s
（二）可数名词前加a或者an
规则：辅音前面加a，元音前面加an。 首先要分清是可数还是不可数名词。
还要记一些特殊情况的单词。
(1)不可数名词：oil, water, sugar, milk, flour, coffee,
rubbish ,paper ,soup, ink, cabbage, meat, wood, money, beer ,cloth,
ice前面不能加a 或者an
(2)国家名前面也不能加a或者an
(3)这几个单词前需要加a: ( a )Unit, ( a )university, ( a )uniform
（三）可数名词变复数
1.不可数名词都默认为单数
2.名词单数转换为复数
各种不同情况 变化方法 例词
一般情况 直接加-s book-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds
以s. x. sh. ch结尾 以o结尾的表示有生命动植物 加-es bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes
watch-watches peach—peaches glass—glasses
tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes

以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i, 再加-es family-families study--studies
以“f或fe”结尾 变f或fe为v，再加-es knife-knives leaf——leaves

不规则名词复数 man-men woman-women policeman-policemen p
olicewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot
-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chines
e
习题：
一、根据题意选出正确的答案
1. They got much _____ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories
2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .
A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk
C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk
4. An old _______ wants to see you.
A. people B. person C. the people D. the person
5. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A. room’s number B. rooms’ number
C. room numbers D. rooms’ numbers
7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become
her second _________.
A. family B. house C. home D. room
8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they
have gone to Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter
C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s
9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
A. her uncle B. her uncle’s C. her uncles D.
aunt’s
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in
teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. an experience D. a lot experience
二、请写出下列词的复数形式。
city _____ zoo ______country _____ tooth
____ mouse _____ book__________ dress
_________ sheep___________ tea______
strawberry_________ peach__________ sandwich_________
_
paper_________ juice__________ water____________ fis
h_________
三、填入所给名词的正确形式
1. I have two____________ (knife)
2. There are many ___________ here. (box)
3. There are many ___________ on the road. (bus)
4. A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The ______________ are playing football now. (child)
6. Please take two _______________ for me. (photo)
7. I like the red ________________.(tomato)
8. Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth)
9. Do you want some _________? (milk)
10. There are ten ________ _______in our school. (woman
teacher)

答案：
一、C C A B D C C D B B
二cities
zoos countries teeth mice books dresses
sheep teas
strawberries peaches sandwiches papers juice
water fish
二．1. knives
teachers

teacher: tom, why are you late for school every day?
tom: every time i come to the corner, a sign says, "school-go
slow".
老师：汤姆，您为什么每天上学迟到？
汤姆：我每次路过拐角，一个路标上面写着："学校----慢行。"