基于52单片机太阳能自动跟踪系统设计

I 摘要 太阳能是已知的最原始的能源，太阳能是已知的最原始的能源，它干净、它干净、它干净、可再生、可再生、可再生、丰富，丰富，丰富，而且分布范围广，而且分布范围广，具有非常广阔的利用前景。具有非常广阔的利用前景。但太阳能利用效率低，但太阳能利用效率低，但太阳能利用效率低，这一问题一直影响和阻碍着太这一问题一直影响和阻碍着太阳能技术的普及。太阳能自动跟踪系统的设计为解决这一问题提供了新途径，太阳能自动跟踪系统的设计为解决这一问题提供了新途径，从从而大大提高了太阳能的利用效率。而大大提高了太阳能的利用效率。本设计采用光电跟踪的方法，本设计采用光电跟踪的方法，本设计采用光电跟踪的方法，利用步进电机双利用步进电机双轴驱动，由光电传感器根据入射光线的强弱变化产生反馈信号到微机处理器。由光电传感器根据入射光线的强弱变化产生反馈信号到微机处理器。微微机处理器运行程序，机处理器运行程序，通过对跟踪机构进行水平、通过对跟踪机构进行水平、通过对跟踪机构进行水平、俯仰两个自由度的控制，俯仰两个自由度的控制，俯仰两个自由度的控制，调整太调整太阳能电池板的角度实现对太阳的跟踪。采用单片机来实现的太阳能追踪系统能有效提高太阳板的光电转化效率，并具有较广泛的应用前景。 关键词： 太阳能；跟踪；光敏二极管；单片机；步进电机太阳能；跟踪；光敏二极管；单片机；步进电机

II Abstract Solar energy is known as the the the most primitive energymost primitive energy, and , and it it is clean, is clean, renewable, rich, rich, and and and wide wide wide distribution distribution distribution and and and has has has wide wide wide prospects prospects prospects of of of use. use. use. But But But the the the solar solar solar energy energy utilization utilization efficiency efficiency is is low; low; low; the the the problem problem problem has has has been been been influencing influencing influencing and and and hindering hindering hindering the the popularity popularity of of of solar solar solar energy energy energy technologytechnologytechnology. . . Solar Solar Solar energy energy energy to to to be be be automatic automatic automatic tracking tracking tracking system system designed designed to to to solve solve solve the the the problem problem problem provide provide provide the the the new new new wayway，which which greatly greatly greatly improve improve improve the the efficiency in in the the the use use use of of of solar solar solar energyenergyenergy. . . This This This design design design uses uses uses the the the photoelectric photoelectric photoelectric tracking tracking method, and use the stepping stepping motor driver, by photoelectric sensor motor driver, by photoelectric sensor incident, then the strength strength of of of the the the light’s light’s light’s changes changes changes produce produce produce feedback feedback feedback signals signals signals to to to the the the computer computer computer processor, processor, and computer processor will run the program, through the horizontal tracking mechanism mechanism and and and pitch pitch pitch two two two degrees degrees degrees of of of freedom freedom freedom control control control to to to adjust adjust adjust the the the angle angle angle of of of solar solar panels panels to to to achieve achieve achieve the the the tracking tracking tracking of of of the the the sun. sun. sun. Solar Solar Solar tracking tracking tracking system system system by by by single single single chip chip microcomputer microcomputer to to to achieve achieve achieve can can can improve improve improve the the the efficiency efficiency efficiency of of of conversion conversion conversion of of of photoelectric photoelectric solar panels, and has a broad prospect of application. Key words: Solar energy；Tracking；Photosensitive diode ；SCM；Stepping motor

III 目录 1 绪论 ........................................................................................................................................................................1 1.1课题背景课题背景 ........................................................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 能源现状及发展...............................................................................................................................1 1.1.2 我国太阳能资源...............................................................................................................................1 1.1.3 目前太阳能的开发和利用.............................................................................................................2 1.1.4 太阳能的特点太阳能的特点 ...................................................................................................................................2 1.1.5 太阳能的应用领域太阳能的应用领域 .........................................................................................................................2 1.2 课题研究的目的和意义.............................................................................................................................3 1.2.1 课题研究的目的...............................................................................................................................3 1.2.2 研究课题的意义...............................................................................................................................3 1.3 太阳追踪系统的国内外研究现状太阳追踪系统的国内外研究现状 ...........................................................................................................4 1.4论文的主要研究内容论文的主要研究内容 ..................................................................................................................................4 2 系统总体设计 ......................................................................................................................................................6 2.1系统总体设计要求 ......................................................................................................................................6 2.2 系统总体设计分析......................................................................................................................................6 3系统的硬件设计 ...................................................................................................................................................8 3.1器件的选型....................................................................................................................................................8 3.1.1 AT89C51 单片机的特点及工作原理.........................................................................................8 3.1.2 ADC0808芯片的选用及简介....................................................................................................11 3.1.3 74LS373芯片的选用及简介......................................................................................................13 3.1.4 ULN2003芯片的选用及简介芯片的选用及简介 .....................................................................................................14 3.2 光电转换电路设计....................................................................................................................................16 3.3 AD转换模块电路设计转换模块电路设计 ..............................................................................................................................18 3.4 电机驱动电路设计....................................................................................................................................20 3.5 系统硬件电路及机械部分设计 .............................................................................................................21 4 系统的软件设计 ................................................................................................................................................27 4.1程序算法的简单介绍程序算法的简单介绍 ................................................................................................................................27 4.2系统软件程序设计 ....................................................................................................................................27 4.3 软件调用子程序软件调用子程序 ........................................................................................................................................30 5 结论 ......................................................................................................................................................................34 致谢...........................................................................................................................................................................35 参考文献36