动词不定式的被动态,将来时,过去时,进行时、虚拟语气的结构
修辞倒装
1. Only在句首引导的状语从句表示强调要倒装。如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only when one falls ill does one know the value of the health.
2.never等具有否定意义的词和词组居于句首要倒装。（紧跟否定词后的句子倒装，其他句子为正常语序。）常见的否定词有：never、rarely、seldom、little、hardly、not、nowhere等
常见的否定词组有：not until、not often、hardly…when、no sooner…than、neither…nor、not only…but also Little did I know that she had already left. 我一点也不知道她离开了。
Not often do they meet. 他们不常见面。
Not only is he rich but also he is very kind.
★＊Not 放在句首修饰句子的主语，构成主语的一部分，则不需要倒装。
Not a word was said.Not a word did I say at the meeting. (not 修饰谓语动词)
→I didn’t say a word at the meeting.
3. as / though引导的让步从句(就是as/though表“虽然、尽管”的意思)必须将表语或状语（形容词, 副词, 分词,动词,名词）提前形容词Young as/thought she is, she has seen much of the world. 她虽然年轻，但却见过许多世面。副词Hard though he tried, he still failed. 他虽然努力了,但仍然失败了
动词Object hard as you may/do/will, I ' ll go. 纵使你反对，我也要去.
◆句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。分词：Situated as it was near the market, the house was very quiet. 房子虽然坐落在市场附近,但它很安静。
名词：Quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot after class.
◆句首名词不能带任何冠词,但可带定语.
＊”that”引导原因状语从句从句中的表语一定要用倒装。
Pretty that she is, she attracks many men. 因为她漂亮，因此她吸引了很多男人。
4.为加强语气，“so…that”的结构中的so，such放在句首是要倒装
He walked so fast that none of us could catch up with him.
→So fast did he walked that none of us could catch up with him.
5.为使句子平衡，用倒装。
（1）主语较长，倒装表语On the floor were piles of books, magazines and newspaper. 地板上是一堆堆的书，杂志和报纸。Happy are those who are contented. 知足者常乐。
（2）倒装宾语以求强调What he did, I can’t imagine.
Every word he spoke to her, she felt as a insult. 他对她说的每一个字，她都认为是侮辱。
6.为了生动地描写动作，“in, out, away, up, down,off”等副词可以放在句首倒装.用法与第一个相似.Away flew the bird! →The bird flew away. 鸟(一下子)飞走了
Off went Jack! →Jack went off. Jack去了.
★主语是代词,则用正常语序。
7.＊某些习惯用法中的倒装.How goes it with you? 你好么?What mattered it? 这有什么关系?What care I? 关我什么事?
一.语法倒装1.当句首为here,there,now ,then,such,等副词，谓语动词为be, go, come等时要倒装。Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
★当主语为人称代词，则不用倒装。
There he comes! 他来了！Here they are. 他们在这儿。Here it is. 给你。Behind the desk she stood. 他站在桌子后面。
2.The more……，the more结构的倒装。The more you study, the more you know. (宾语前置)
3.感叹句中的倒装How happy the children are! (表语前置)
4.表示次数，顺序的副词位于句首要倒装。
Twive within her lifetime has she been to England. 她一生已两次到过英国。
Next came a man in his forties. 下一个来的是一个40几岁的人。
5.与前面的句子相同，表示“也”，后面句子开头常用“so, neither, nor,either,no more”等引导的倒装句，并用do, have, be, can代替实义动词。
They can leave now, so can we. 他们现在可以离开了，我们也能。
You have helped her, and so has she you. 你帮助过她，她也帮助过你。
★但是如果表示对前面句子的肯定则不用倒装。He is a good student, so he did. 他是个好学生，他的确是.
6.than或as引导的分句，表示两个句子的主语相比较时,要用倒装,用法与前一个相似.
John will give you more than will Jack. Jonh给你要比Jack多.
He travelled a great deal as did most of his friends. 他到过很多地方旅行，他多数朋友也是这样.
7.从句中关系副词的倒装He could tell where his home was.
8.well等表示方式，程度的副词位于句首要倒装。Well did I know her. 我很了解她。
9.有情态动词的谓语中，行为动词的倒装表示强调。Write a poem I can’t, let me write an essay instead.
Unit 2高二语法讲义
不定式的语法作用1) 不定式作主语：
To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。
To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。
在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式短语移到谓语之后，使句子显得平稳一些。如：It’s good manners to wait in line. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。
It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that. 听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。2) 不定式作表语：The most important thing is to put theory into practice. 最重要的论付诸实践。The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. 最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。3) 不定式作宾语：He wanted to know the truth. 他想知道真相。
I prefer to be starved to death rather than beg. 我宁愿被饿死也不愿乞讨。
He pretended to have read the book when I asked him about it.
我问到他的时候，他假装读过这本书。另外，不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时，人们常常用it代表不定式，而将真实宾语放在补足语之后。如：
Do you think it better to translate it in this way? 你认为这样翻译是不是更好？
I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.
我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。
4) 不定式作补语：①不定式可以和名词或代词一起构成复合结构作动词的宾语，这时不定式被称为宾语补足语。如：I would like you to help me with my English exercises. 我想请你帮我做英语练习。I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon. 我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。注意：动词help后面接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语可以带to也可以不带to。如：Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box? 谁能帮我拎这个重箱子？
②在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，
