雅思测试题

雅思培训机构测试题及答案一、听力部分1. 根据录音，选择正确的答案。

A) 5:30B) 6:00C) 6:30录音内容：The next bus will leave at six o'clock in the morning.答案：B2. 根据对话，选择正确的答案。

A) He is a student.B) He is a teacher.C) He is a doctor.对话内容：Woman: What does he do?Man: He's a professor at the university.答案：B二、阅读部分阅读以下短文，回答3-5题。

In recent years, the number of people studying abroad has increased significantly. This trend is attributed to various factors such as the desire for better education opportunities and the pursuit of a more diverse cultural experience.3. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The reasons for studying abroadB) The benefits of cultural diversityC) The increase in the number of international students答案：C4. What is not mentioned as a reason for studying abroad in the passage?A) Better education opportunitiesB) Financial incentivesC) Diverse cultural experience答案：B5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Studying abroad is becoming more popular.B) The number of international students is decreasing.C) There are no benefits to studying abroad.答案：A三、写作部分根据以下提示，写一篇不少于250字的短文。

1. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe a historical eventB. To explain a scientific theoryC. To argue for a political policyD. To narrate a personal story2. According to the text, what is the most significant impact of climate change?A. Increased agricultural productivityB. Rising sea levelsC. Decreased biodiversityD. Economic growth3. The author mentions "quantum computing" in the passage. What is the context?A. As a solution to environmental problemsB. As a threat to traditional computingC. As a new field of studyD. As a historical development4. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?A. OptimisticB. PessimisticC. NeutralD. Sarcastic5. What does the passage suggest about renewable energy sources?A. They are too expensive to implementB. They are the only solution to energy needsC. They are becoming more efficientD. They are not environmentally friendly6. The passage discusses the benefits of urban planning. Which of the f ollowing is NOT mentioned?A. Reducing traffic congestionB. Improving air qualityC. Enhancing public safetyD. Increasing agricultural output7. What is the primary focus of the passage on education reforms?A. Standardized testingB. Teacher trainingC. Curriculum changesD. School infrastructure8. According to the text, what is the role of technology in modern educ ation?A. To replace teachersB. To enhance learning experiencesC. To monitor student performanceD. To reduce educational costs9. The passage on health care mentions a "revolutionary treatment." Wha t is it?A. Gene therapyB. VaccinationC. SurgeryD. Medication10. What does the author imply about the future of work?A. Automation will eliminate jobsB. Remote work will become the normC. Traditional careers will remain unchangedD. Job security will improve11. The passage on cultural diversity emphasizes which aspect?A. Economic benefitsB. Social integrationC. Political influenceD. Educational opportunities12. What is the main argument in the passage about immigration?A. It should be restrictedB. It has no impact on societyC. It benefits the economyD. It leads to cultural conflicts13. The author discusses the concept of "sustainable development." What does this term mean?A. Economic growth without environmental impactB. Balancing economic, social, and environmental needsC. Focusing only on environmental protectionD. Prioritizing social needs over economic growth14. What is the primary concern expressed in the passage about artifici al intelligence?A. Its potential to create jobsB. Its ethical implicationsC. Its cost of developmentD. Its impact on education15. The passage on global trade mentions a "shift in economic power." W hat is the cause?A. Technological advancementsB. Political alliancesC. Natural disastersD. Cultural changes16. What does the author suggest about the role of government in econom ic policy?A. It should be minimizedB. It should focus on taxationC. It should promote innovationD. It should control all industries17. The passage on environmental conservation discusses a major challen ge. What is it?A. Lack of fundingB. Public indifferenceC. Political oppositionD. Technological limitations18. What is the main theme of the passage on social media?A. Its impact on privacyB. Its role in communicationC. Its influence on politicsD. Its effect on mental health19. The author mentions "blockchain technology" in the context of which application?A. Financial transactionsB. Health recordsC. Supply chain managementD. Voting systems20. What does the passage suggest about the future of transportation?A. Increased reliance on public transitB. The dominance of electric vehiclesC. The decline of air travelD. The resurgence of horse-drawn carriages21. The passage on food security highlights a major issue. What is it?A. Overproduction of foodB. Distribution inefficienciesC. Consumer preferencesD. Agricultural subsidies22. What is the primary focus of the passage on mental health?A. Treatment optionsB. Causes of mental illnessC. Public awarenessD. Economic impacts23. The author discusses the concept of "digital literacy." What does t his involve?A. Understanding technologyB. Using social mediaC. Protecting online privacyD. All of the above24. What does the passage suggest about the role of women in leadership?A. They are underrepresentedB. They are equally capableC. They face fewer challengesD. They are less influential25. The passage on climate policy mentions a key strategy. What is it?A. Carbon taxationB. ReforestationC. Renewable energy subsidiesD. All of the above26. What is the main argument in the passage about public health?A. Prevention is better than cureB. Healthcare should be freeC. Medication is overusedD. Health education is ineffective27. The author mentions "urban sprawl." What does this term refer to?A. The expansion of citiesB. The decline of rural areasC. The growth of suburbsD. The development of infrastructure28. What does the passage suggest about the impact of globalization on culture?A. It homogenizes culturesB. It preserves cultural diversityC. It leads to cultural isolationD. It enhances cultural exchange29. The passage on economic inequality discusses a major cause. What is it?A. Tax policiesB. Education disparitiesC. Technological advancementsD. All of the above30. What is the primary focus of the passage on renewable energy?A. Solar powerB. Wind powerC. Hydroelectric powerD. All of the above31. The author discusses the concept of "net neutrality." What does thi s involve?A. Equal access to the internetB. Restricting harmful contentC. Prioritizing certain websitesD. Monitoring user activity32. What does the passage suggest about the future of education?A. More online coursesB. Increased emphasis on STEMC. Reduced government fundingD. All of the above33. The passage on public transportation mentions a key benefit. What i s it?A. Reducing trafficB. Lowering costsC. Improving accessibilityD. All of the above34. What is the main argument in the passage about food sustainability?A. Local sourcingB. Reducing wasteC. Organic farmingD. All of the above35. The author mentions "smart cities." What does this term refer to?A. Cities with advanced technologyB. Cities focused on sustainabilityC. Cities with efficient governanceD. All of the above36. What does the passage suggest about the role of technology in healt hcare?A. It improves diagnosticsB. It reduces costsC. It enhances patient careD. All of the above37. The passage on cultural heritage discusses a major threat. What is it?A. Urban developmentB. Climate changeC. Lack of fundingD. All of the above38. What is the primary focus of the passage on economic growth?A. Investment strategiesB. Consumer spendingC. InnovationD. All of the above39. The author discusses the concept of "circular economy." What does t his involve?A. Recycling materialsB. Reducing wasteC. Sustainable productionD. All of the above40. What does the passage suggest about the impact of education on soci ety?A. It reduces inequalityB. It enhances economic growthC. It improves health outcomesD. All of the above41. The passage on environmental policy mentions a key challenge. What is it?A. Public skepticismB. Political resistanceC. Technological limitationsD. All of the above42. What is the main argument in the passage about social justice?A. Equal opportunitiesB. Reducing povertyC. Addressing discriminationD. All of the above43. The author mentions "biotechnology." What is the context?A. Agricultural advancementsB. Medical treatmentsC. Environmental conservationD. All of the above44. What does the passage suggest about the future of work?A. More flexible hoursB. Increased automationC. Greater job satisfactionD. All of the above45. The passage on public health mentions a major issue. What is it?A. Access to healthcareB. Epidemic outbreaksC. Mental health stigmaD. All of the above46. What is the primary focus of the passage on sustainable agriculture?A. Organic farmingB. Reducing pesticide useC. Enhancing soil healthD. All of the above47. The author discusses the concept of "digital divide." What does thi s involve?A. Access to technologyB. Online safetyC. Internet speedD. All of the above48. What does the passage suggest about the role of government in educa tion?A. Funding schoolsB. Setting standardsC. Promoting innovationD. All of the above49. The passage on climate change mentions a key strategy. What is it?A. Reducing emissionsB. Adapting to changesC. Promoting renewable energyD. All of the above50. What is the main argument in the passage about urban planning?A. Improving infrastructureB. Enhancing public spacesC. Reducing pollutionD. All of the above51. The author mentions "green technology." What does this term refer t o?A. Renewable energy sourcesB. Energy-efficient productsC. Sustainable manufacturingD. All of the above52. What does the passage suggest about the impact of globalization on economies?A. Increased tradeB. Economic integrationC. Job creationD. All of the above53. The passage on social media mentions a major concern. What is it?A. Privacy issuesB. MisinformationC. CyberbullyingD. All of the above54. What is the primary focus of the passage on mental health?A. Treatment optionsB. Causes of mental illnessC. Public awarenessD. All of the above55. The author discusses the concept of "digital literacy." What does t his involve?A. Understanding technologyB. Using social mediaC. Protecting online privacyD. All of the above答案：1. B2. B3. A4. C5. C6. D7. C8. B9. A10. B11. B12. C13. B14. B15. A16. C17. A18. B19. A20. B21. B22. C23. D24. B25. D26. A27. A28. D29. D30. D31. A32. D33. D34. D35. D36. D37. D38. D39. D40. D41. D42. D43. D44. D45. D46. D47. A48. D49. D50. D51. D52. D53. D54. D55. D。

雅思模拟测试题1答案听力部分答案：Section 11. B) 12th March2. C) 2:30 pm3. A) library4. B) book a meeting room5. A) bring a laptop6. C) 10 people7. B) free of charge8. A) ask for a receipt9. C) check the equipment10. B) contact the staffSection 211. A) 9:00 am12. C) 3:00 pm13. B) 5:00 pm14. A) 7:30 pm15. C) 9:00 pm16. B) 10:00 pm17. A) 11:00 pm18. C) midnight19. B) 1:00 am20. A) 2:00 amSection 321. C) both are interested in the topic22. A) the professor's expertise23. B) the student's project24. A) the professor's office25. B) the student's dorm26. A) the professor's suggestion27. C) the student's notes28. B) the professor's book29. A) the student's questions30. C) the professor's experienceSection 431. A) the history of the building32. C) the materials used33. B) the architect's name34. A) the building's purpose35. C) the construction date36. B) the building's style37. A) the building's current use38. C) the building's restoration39. B) the building's interior design40. A) the building's exterior features 阅读部分答案：Passage 141. TRUE42. FALSE43. TRUE44. NOT GIVEN45. TRUE46. B) the benefits of the program47. A) the program's history48. D) the program's goals49. C) the program's participants50. A) the program's impactPassage 251. FALSE52. TRUE53. NOT GIVEN54. FALSE55. TRUE56. D) the importance of the subject57. B) the author's perspective58. A) the subject's complexity59. C) the subject's relevance60. E) the subject's futurePassage 361. TRUE62. FALSE63. NOT GIVEN64. TRUE65. TRUE66. A) the challenges faced67. B) the solutions proposed68. C) the research conducted69. D) the results achieved70. E) the implications discussed写作部分答案：Task 1- 描述图表中的趋势和特点- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构- 清晰地组织信息Task 2- 明确表达观点- 使用论据支持观点- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构- 逻辑清晰地组织文章口语部分答案：Part 1- 介绍个人信息- 描述日常生活- 表达个人兴趣Part 2- 描述一个重要的事件或经历- 使用细节丰富叙述- 表达个人感受和看法Part 3- 讨论相关话题- 提供深入的观点和论据- 展示语言的灵活性和深度请注意，以上答案仅为模拟测试题的答案示例，实际雅思考试的答案可能会有所不同。

环球雅思测试题及答案
一、听力部分
1. 根据所听对话，选择正确的答案。

A) 男声说要去图书馆。

B) 女声建议去电影院。

C) 两人决定去公园散步。

答案：A
2. 根据所听短文，回答以下问题：
短文中提到了哪些活动？
答案：短文中提到了看电影、去图书馆和散步。

二、阅读部分
1. 阅读以下短文，选择最佳标题。

短文内容：（略）
A) 现代城市生活
B) 乡村的宁静
C) 旅游的趣事
答案：A
2. 根据短文内容，回答以下问题：
问题：短文中提到的主要问题是什么？
答案：短文中提到的主要问题是城市生活节奏快，压力大。

三、写作部分
1. 根据以下提示，写一篇不少于150字的短文。

提示：描述你最喜欢的季节以及原因。

答案示例：
我最喜欢的季节是秋天。

秋天的天气凉爽宜人，树叶变得五彩缤纷，给人一种宁静而美好的感觉。

此外，秋天也是收获的季节，各种水果
和蔬菜都成熟了，可以享受到丰富的美食。

四、口语部分
1. 根据以下问题，准备一段不少于一分钟的口语回答。

问题：你如何看待在线教育？
答案示例：
我认为在线教育是一个非常方便和高效的学习方式。

它打破了时间
和空间的限制，让学习变得更加灵活。

同时，在线教育资源丰富，可
以根据自己的需求和兴趣选择课程。

但是，在线教育也存在一些问题，比如缺乏面对面的互动和监督，可能会影响学习效果。

请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的环球雅思测试题及答案会根据具
体的考试内容而有所不同。

小学雅思考试测试题及答案一、听力部分1. 听录音，选择正确的图片。

A. B. C. 录音内容：“The boy is playing with a ball.”答案：A2. 听录音，选择正确的答案。

A. Yes, he does.B. No, he doesn't.C. I don't know.录音内容：“What does he like to do in the evening?”答案：B二、阅读部分1. 阅读下面的短文，判断下列句子是否正确。

短文：Tom is a student. He likes reading books. He also likes playing football.A. Tom is a teacher. (×)B. Tom enjoys reading. (√)C. Tom doesn't like sport s. (×)2. 阅读下面的对话，选择正确的答案。

- A: What's your favorite color?- B: My favorite color is blue.A. RedB. BlueC. Green答案：B三、写作部分1. 写一篇小短文，描述你的一天。

提示：早上起床，吃早餐，去学校，上英语课，吃午饭，下午体育课，放学回家，做作业，晚上看电视，睡觉。

答案示例：I wake up early in the morning. After breakfast, I go to school. In the morning, I have English class. Lunchtime is my favorite part of the day. In the afternoon, we have a sports class. After school, I go home and do my homework. In the evening, I watch TV and then go to sleep.四、口语部分1. 看图说话。

Questions 1–60Multiple Choice1. The machine looked like a large, ________ , old-fashioned typewriter.A) forceful B) clumsy C) intense D) tricky2. Though she began her ______ by singing in a local pop group, she is now a famous Hollywood movie star.A) employment B) career C) occupation D) profession3. Within two weeks of arrival, all foreigners had to _______ with the local police.A) inquire B) consult C) register D) profession4. Considering your salary, you should be able to _____ at least twenty dollars a week.A) put forward B) put up C) put out D) put aside5. As he has _______ our patience, we’ll not wait for him any longer.A) torn B) wasted C) exhausted D) consumed6. These teachers try to be objective when they _______ the integrated ability of their students.A) justify B) evaluate C) indicate D) reckon7. Mrs. Morris's daughter is pretty and _______, and many girls envy her.A) slender B) light C) faint D) minor8. Tomorrow the mayor is to _____ a group of Canadian businessmen on a tour of the city.A) coordinate B) cooperate C) accompany D) associate9. I'm ______ enough to know it is going to be a very difficult situation to compete against three strong teams.A) realistic B) conscious C) register D) resolve10. Can you give me even the _______ clue as to where her son might be?A) simplest B) slightest C) least D) utmost11. Norman Davis will be remembered by many _____ with not only as a great scholar but also as a most delightful and faithful friend.A) kindness B) friendliness C) warmth D) affection12. Salaries for ______ positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.A) legal B) optional C) voluntary D) temporary13. Most people agree that the present role of women has already affected U.S. society. _______, it has affected the traditional role of men.A) Above all B) In all C) At most D) At last14. Science and technology have _____ in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production.A) attached B) assisted C) contributed D) witnessed15. As an actor he could communicate a whole _____ of emotions.A) frame B) range C) number D) scale16. This is what you should bear in mind: Don't _____ a salary increase before you actually get it.A) hang on B) draw on C) wait on D) count on17. The ship's generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated _____ instead of mechanically.A) artificially B) automatically C) manually D) synthetically18. The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn't ______ her grip on my arm.A) loosen B) remove C) relieve D) dismiss19. He never arrives on time and my ______ is that he feels the meetings are useless.A) preference B) conference C) inference D) reference20. Mrs. Smith was so ______ about everything that no servants could please her.A) specific B) special C) precise D) particular21. Last night he saw two dark ______ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.A) features B) figures C) sketches D) images22. It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without _______.A) exception B) exclusion C) modification D) substitution23. His temper and personality show that he can become a soldier of the top _____.A) circle B) rank C) category D) grade24. During the lecture, the speaker occasionally _____ his point by relating his own experiences.A) illustrated B) hinted C) cited D) displayed25. Only those who can _____ to lose their money should make high-risk investments.A) maintain B) sustain C) endure D) afford26. He found the ______ media attention intolerable and decided to go abroad.A) sufficient B) constant C) steady D) plenty27. There has been a collision _______ a number of cars on the main road to town.A) composing B) consisting C) involving D) engaging28. _______ elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.A) Cultivated B) Regulated C) Civil D) Tame29. Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to _______.A) resign B) reject C) retreat D) replace30. As one of the world's highest paid models, she had her face_____ for five million dollarsA) deposited B) assured C) measured D) insured31. I went along thinking of nothing ______, only looking at things around me.A) in particular B) in harmony C) in doubt D) in brief32. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ______ the quality of the programs.A) lessened B) declined C) affected D) effected33. I must congratulate you ______ the excellent design of the new bridge.A) with B) of C) at D) on34. There is a fully ______ health center on the ground floor of the main office building.A) installed B) equipped C) provided D) projected35. For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs that _____ from kindergartens to colleges.A) move B) shift C) range D) spread36. The ______ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.A) convention B) confinement C) principle D) discipline37. The test results are beyond______; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.A) negotiation B) conflict C) bargain D) dispute38. I was so ______in today's history lesson. I didn’t understand a thing.A) amazed B) neglected C) confused D) amused39. It ______ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.A) presents B) entitles C) credits D) tips40. Deserts and high mountains have always been a ______ to the movement of people from place to place.A) barrier B) fence C) prevention D) jam41. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some ______ shops in the residential area.A) flowing B) drifting C) mobile D) unstable42. Mr. Smith says: "The media are very good at sensing a mood and then ______ it."A) overtaking B) enlarging C) widening D) exaggerating43. This is not an economical way to get more water; ______, it is very expensive.A) on the other hand B) on the contrary C) in short D) or else44. It was the first time that such a ______had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.A) presentation B) precaution C) preparation D) prediction45. ______ that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.A) Perceiving B) Penetrating C) Puzzling D) Preserving46. The board of the company has decided to ______ its operations to include all aspects of the clothing business.A) multiply B) lengthen C) expand D) stretch47. His business was very successful, but it was at the ______ of his family life.A) consumption B) credit C) exhaustion D) expense48. First published in 1927, the charts remain an ______ source for researchers.A) identical B) indispensable C) intelligent D) inevitable49. Joe is not good at sports, but when it ______mathematics, he is the best in the class.A) comes to B) comes up to C) comes on to D) comes around to50. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a ______ for smoking.A) relief B) revival C) substitute D) succession51. When carbon is added to iron in proper ______the result is steel.A) rates B) thicknesses C) proportions D) densities52. You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.A) reserve B) restrain C) retain D) replace53. Nancy is only a sort of ______ of her husband's opinion and has no ideas of her own.A) sample B) reproduction C) shadow D) echo54. Now that spring is here, you can ______ these fur coats till you need them again next winter.A) put over B) put away C) put off D) put down55. There is a _____ of impatience in the tone of his voice.A) hint B) notion C) dot D) phrase56. Please ______dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.A) seek B) inquire C) search D) consult57. At yesterday's party, Elizabeth's boyfriend amused us by ______ Charlie Chaplin.A) copying B) following C) imitating D) modeling58. She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power ______.A) failure B) lack C) absence D) drop59. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ______ all aspects of urban planning.A) inserts B) grips C) performs D) embraces60. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so ______ that the audience couldn't help yawning.A) tedious B) bored C) clumsy D) tiredQuestions 61–80Reading ComprehensionReading Passage 1Introducing dung1 beetles into a pasture is a simple process: approximately 1,500 beetles are released, a handful at a time, into fresh cow pats2 in the cow pasture. The beetles immediately disappear beneath the pats digging and tunnelling and, if they successfully adapt to their new environment, soon become a permanent,self-sustaining part of the local ecology. In time they multiply and within three or four years the benefits to the pasture are obvious.Dung beetles work from the inside of the pat so they are sheltered from predators such as birds and foxes. Most species burrow into the soil and bury dung in tunnels directly underneath the pats, which are hollowed out from within. Some large species originating from France excavate tunnels to a depth of approximately 30 cm below the dung pat. These beetles make sausage-shaped brood chambers along the tunnels. The shallowest tunnels belong to a much smaller Spanish species that buries dung in chambers that hang like fruit from the branches of a pear tree. South African beetles dig narrow tunnels of approximately 20 cm below the surface of the pat.Some surface- dwelling beetles, including a South African species, cutperfectly-shaped balls from the pat, which are rolled away and attached to the bases of plants.For maximum dung burial in spring, summer and autumn, farmers require a variety of species with overlapping periods of activity. In the cooler environments of the state of Victoria, the large French species (2.5 cms long), is matched with smaller (half this size), temperate-climate Spanish species. The former are slow to recover from the winter cold and produce only one or two generations of offspring from late spring until autumn. The latter, which multiply rapidly in early spring, produce two to fiveQuestions 66 –70Choose the correct heading for sections A - D and F from the list of headings below.Section BNo activity affects more of the earth's surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planet's land area, not counting Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in yields from land already in cultivation, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a doubling in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilisers in the 1970s and 1980s.Section CAll these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilisers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil's productivity. The country subsequently embarked upon a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is vanishing much faster than in America.Section DGovernment policies have frequently compounded the environmental damage that farming can cause. In the rich countries, subsidies for growing crops and price supports for farm output drive up the price of land. The annual value of these subsidies is immense: about $250 billion, or more than all World Bank lending in the 1980s. To increase the output of crops per acre, a farmer's easiest option is to use more of the most readily available inputs: fertilisers and pesticides. Fertiliser use doubled in Denmark in the period 1960-1985 and increased in The Netherlands by 150 per cent. The quantity of pesticides applied has risen too: by 69 per cent in 1975-1984 in Denmark, for example, with a rise of 115 per cent in the frequency of application in the three years from 1981.In the late 1980s and early 1990s some efforts were made to reduce farm subsidies. The most dramatic example was that of New Zealand, which scrapped most farm support in 1984.A study of the environmental effects, conducted in 1993, found that the end of fertiliser subsidies had been followed by a fall in fertiliser use (a fall compounded by the decline in world commodity prices, which cut farm incomes). The removal of subsidies also stopped land-clearing and over-stocking, which in the past had been the principal causes of erosion. Farms began to diversify. The one kind of subsidy whose removal appeared to have been bad for the environment was the subsidy to manage soil erosion.In less enlightened countries, and in the European Union, the trend has been to reduce rather than eliminate subsidies, and to introduce new payments to encourage farmers to treat their land in environmentally friendlier ways, or to leave it fallow. It may sound strange but such payments need to be higher than the existing incentives for farmers to grow food crops. Farmers, however, dislike being paid to do nothing. In several countries they have become interested in the possibility of using fuel produced from crop residues either as a replacement for petrol (as ethanol) or as fuel for power stations (as biomass).Such fuels produce far less carbon dioxide than coal or oil, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow. They are therefore less likely to contribute to the greenhouse effect. But they are rarely competitive with fossil fuels unless subsidised and growing them does no less environmental harm than other crops.Section EIn poor countries, governments aggravate other sorts of damage. Subsidies for pesticides and artificial fertilisers encourage farmers to use greater quantities than are needed to get the highest economic crop yield. A study by the International Rice Research Institute of pesticide use by farmers in South East Asia found that, with pest-resistant varieties of rice, even moderate applications of pesticide frequently cost farmers more than they saved. Such waste puts farmers on a chemical treadmill: bugs and weeds become resistant to poisons, so next year's poisons must be more lethal. One cost is to human health. Every year some 10,000 people die from pesticide poisoning, almost all of them in the developing countries, and another 400,000 become seriously ill. As for artificial fertilisers, their use worldwide increased by 40 per cent per unit of farmed land between the mid 1970s and late 1980s, mostly in the developing countries. Overuse of fertilisers may cause farmers to stop rotating crops or leaving their land fallow. That, in turn, may make soil erosion worse.Section FA result of the Uruguay Round of world trade negotiations is likely to be a reduction of 36 per cent in the average levels of farm subsidies paid by the rich countries in 19861990. Some of the world's food production will move from Western Europe to regions where subsidies are lower or nonexistent, such as the former communist countries and parts of the developing world. Some environmentalists worry about this outcome. It will undoubtedly mean more pressure to convert natural habitat into farmland. But it will also have many desirable environmental effects. The intensity of farming in the rich world should decline, and the use of chemical inputs will diminish. Crops are more likely to be grown in the environments to which they are naturally suited. And more farmers in poor countries will have the money and the incentive to manage their land in ways that are sustainable in the long run. That is important. To feed an increasingly hungry world, farmers need every incentive to use their soil and water effectively and efficiently.Reading Passage 3The Risks of Cigarette SmokeDiscovered in the early 1800s and named ‘nicotianine’, the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine, however, is only a small component of cigarette smoke, which contains more than 4,700 chemical compounds, including 43 cancercausing substances. In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk ofdeveloping fatal medical conditions.In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of, amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukaemia and cervical cancers. In 1990, smoking caused more than 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza. Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today.Passive smoking, the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker, also causes a serious health risk. A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke contains more, smaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs. On the basis of this report, the EPA has classified environmental tobacco smoke in the highest risk category for causing cancer.As an illustration of the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a nonsmoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking. The risk of lung cancer also increases over the years of exposure and the figure jumps to 80 per cent if the spouse has been smoking four packs a day for 20 years. It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence.A more recent study by researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) has shown that secondhand cigarette smoke does more harm to nonsmokers than to smokers. Leaving aside the philosophical question of whether anyone should have to breathe someone else’s cigarette smoke, the report suggests that the smoke experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantial adverse effects on a person’s heart and lungs.The report, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (AMA), was based on the researchers’ own earlier research but also includes a review of studies over the past few years. The American Medical Association represents about half of all US doctors and is a strong opponent of smoking. The study suggests that people who smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the effects of smoking. It further states that people who do not smoke do not have the benefit of their system adapting to the smoke inhalation. Consequently, the effects of passive smoking are far greater onnon-smokers than on smokers.This report emphasizes that cancer is not caused by a single element in cigarettesmoke; harmful effects to health are caused by many components. Carbon monoxide, for example, competes with oxygen in red blood cells and interferes with the blood’s ability to deliver life-giving oxygen to the heart. Nicotine and other toxins in cigarette smoke activate small blood cells called platelets, which increases the likelihood of blood clots, thereby affecting blood circulation throughout the body.The researchers criticize the practice of some scientific consultants who work with the tobacco industry for assuming that cigarette smoke has the same impact on smokers as it does on non-smokers. They argue that those scientists are underestimating the damage done by passive smoking and, in support of their recent findings, cite some previous research which points to passive smoking as the cause for between 30,000 and 60,000 deaths from heart attacks each year in the United States. This means that passive smoking is the third most preventable cause of death after active smoking and alcohol-related diseases.The study argues that the type of action needed against passive smoking should be similar to that being taken against illegal drugs and AIDS (SIDA). The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places.Questions 71–73Choose the appropriate letters A – D..71According to information in the text, leukaemia and pneumoniaA are responsible for 84,000 deaths each year.B are strongly linked to cigarette smoking.C are strongly linked to lung cancer.D result in 30 per cent of deaths per year.72According to information in the text, intake of carbon monoxideA inhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart.B increase absorption of other smoke particles.C inhibits red blood cell formation.D promotes nicotine absorption.73According to information in the text, intake of nicotine encouragesA blood circulation through the bodyB activity of other toxins in the blood.C formation of blood clots.D an increase of platelets in the blood.Questions 74–77Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the reading passage?YES if the statement agrees with the writer’s claimsNO if the statement contradicts the writer’s claimsNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this74 Thirty per cent of deaths in the United States are caused by smoking-relatedWriting TaskThe charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of support they received from employers.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparison where relevant.Write at least 150 words.参考答案：1 B) clumsy 2.B) career 3.C) register 4.D) put aside 5.C) exhausted6.B) evaluate7.A) slender8.C) accompany9.A) realistic10.B) slightest11.D) affection12.D) temporary13.A) Above all14.C) contributed15.B) range 16.D) count on17.C) manually18.A) loosen19.C) inference20.D) particular21.B) figures22.A) exception23.B) rank24.A) illustrated25.D) afford26.B) constant27.C) involving28.D) Tame29.A) resign30.D) insured31. A) in particular 32. C) affected 33. D) on 34. B) equipped 35. C) range 36. D) discipline 37. D) dispute 38.C) confused 39. B) entitles 40. A) barrier 41.C) mobile 42.D) exaggerating 43.B) on the contrary 44.B) precaution 45.A) Perceiving46.C) expand 47. D) expense 48.B) indispensable 49.A) comes to 50.C) substitute51.C) proportions 52.B) restrain 53.D) echo 54.B) put away 55.A) hint56 D) consult 57. C) imitating 58.A) failure 59.D) embraces 60.A) tedious61. temperate 62. early spring63. two to five // 2 - 5 64. subtropical65. South African tunnelling // tunneling 66. v67. vii 68. ii69. iv 70. i71. B 72. A73. C 74. NO75. NOT GIVEN 76. YES77. NOT GIVEN 78. E79. G 80. HSample AnswerThe first graph shows that there is a gradual decrease in study for career reasons with age. Nearly 80% of students under 26 years, study for their career. This percentage gradually declines by 10-20% every decade. Only 40% of 40-49yr olds and 18% of over 49yr olds are studying for career reasons in late adulthood.Conversely, the first graph also shows that study stemming from interest increases with age. There are only 10% of under 26yr olds studying out of interest. The percentage increases slowly till the beginning of the fourth decade, and increases dramatically in late adulthood. Nearly same number of 40-49yr olds study for career and interest. However 70% of over 49yr olds study for interest in comparison to 18% studying for career reasons in that age group.The second graph shows that employer support is maximum (approximately 60%) for theunder 26yr students. It drops rapidly to 32% up to the third decade of life, and then increases in late adulthood up to about 44%. It is unclear whether employer support is only for career-focused study, but the highest level is for those students who mainly study for career purposes.。

雅思词汇真经测试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The _______ of the old building took three months to complete.A. renovationB. locationC. populationD. decoration答案：A2. She has a _______ attitude towards her work, which impresses everyone.A. casualB. negativeC. professionalD. indifferent答案：C3. The _______ of the company's profits has been attributed to the new marketing strategy.A. escalationB. fluctuationC. deteriorationD. stagnation答案：A4. The scientist made a _______ to the audience, explaining the complexities of his research.A. presentationB. donationC. reservationD. declaration答案：A5. Despite the _______ weather, the climbers continued their ascent.A. severeB. mildC. moderateD. pleasant答案：A6. The _______ of the ancient city has been preserved for centuries.A. architectureB. agricultureC. literatureD. industry答案：A7. The _______ of the rare bird species in the area has attracted many tourists.A. abundanceB. scarcityC. varietyD. migration答案：B8. The _______ of the agreement was signed by both parties in the presence of witnesses.A. draftB. copyC. originalD. abstract答案：C9. The _______ of the old factory site has been a topic of debate among local residents.A. demolitionB. conservationC. renovationD. abandonment答案：B10. The _______ of the new policy will have a significant impact on the economy.A. implementationB. speculationC. interpretationD. violation答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The _______ of the project was delayed due to bad weather. 填：completion12. She has a natural _______ for playing the piano.填：talent13. The _______ of the old laws is a complex process.填：revision14. The _______ of the company is expected to increase next year.填：profitability15. The _______ of the disease is still unknown.填：origin16. The _______ of the building was designed to withstand earthquakes.填：structure17. The _______ of the book was well-received by critics.填：publication18. The _______ of the river has been a source of conflict between the two countries.填：boundary19. The _______ of the old traditions is important forcultural preservation.填：maintenance20. The _______ of the new product line has been successful. 填：launch三、改错题（每题2分，共20分）21. The company is planning to expanse into new markets.正确：The company is planning to expand into new markets.22. The artist's work was display in the local gallery.正确：The artist's work was displayed in the local gallery.23. The government has been criticized for its ineffectual policies.正确：The government has been criticized for its ineffective policies.24. The team's victory was a result of their cohesiveness and cooperation.正确：The team's victory was a result of their cohesiveness and cooperation.25. The scientist's research was base on extensive field studies.正确：The scientist's research was based on extensive field studies.26. The company's financial report showed a steady increment in profits.正确：The company's financial report showed a steadyincrement in profits.27. The ancient ruins are locate in the heart of the city.正确：The ancient ruins are located in the heart of the city.28. The author's latest novel has been highly acknowledge by the literary community.正确：The author's latest novel has been highly acknowledged by the literary community.29. The new policy will have a profound effect on the education system.正确：The new policy will have a profound effect on the education system.30. The museum's collection includes a wide range ofartifacts dating back to antiquity.正确：The museum's collection includes a wide range of artifacts dating back to antiquity.四、简答题（每题10分，共20分）31. What does the term 'sustainability' refer to in the context of environmental science?答：In the context of environmental science, 'sustainability' refers to the use of resources in a way that does not deplete them and does not harm the environment, ensuring that they remain available for future generations.32. Explain the concept of 'biodiversity' and why it is important.答：Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the variety within and between different。

雅思难度测试题及答案1. 阅读部分阅读以下段落，并回答问题1至5。

In recent years, the popularity of cycling as a mode of transportation has surged in many cities around the world.This trend is not only due to the health benefits of cycling but also because it is an environmentally friendly optionthat reduces traffic congestion and carbon emissions. However, with the increase in the number of cyclists, safety concerns have also risen. To address these concerns, urban plannersare designing more bike-friendly cities with dedicated bike lanes and traffic signals that prioritize cyclists.1. What is one reason for the increase in cycling's popularity?A. Health benefitsB. Environmental concernsC. Traffic congestionD. Urban planning2. What are the two main concerns associated with the rise in the number of cyclists?A. Health and traffic congestionB. Safety and environmental impactC. Safety and traffic congestionD. Health and environmental impact3. Which of the following is a measure taken by urban planners to improve cyclist safety?A. Building more roadsB. Designing dedicated bike lanesC. Encouraging car usageD. Reducing public transportation4. What is the purpose of traffic signals that prioritize cyclists?A. To reduce environmental impactB. To increase traffic congestionC. To enhance cyclist safetyD. To promote public transportation5. What is the overall impact of cycling on the environment?A. It increases carbon emissionsB. It reduces carbon emissionsC. It has no effect on the environmentD. It increases traffic congestion答案：1. A2. C3. B4. C5. B2. 听力部分Listen to the conversation between two friends discussing their weekend plans and answer questions 6 to 10.Speaker 1: Hey, are you free this weekend? I was thinking of going to the new art exhibition.Speaker 2: That sounds interesting. I'd love to join you. What time does it start?Speaker 1: It starts at 10 am, and it's located at the city museum.Speaker 2: Great, I'll meet you there. By the way, have you heard about the live music event happening nearby?Speaker 1: No, I haven't. What time does it start?Speaker 2: It starts at 2 pm. We can grab some lunch and then head over.Speaker 1: Sounds like a plan. I'm looking forward to it.6. What is the main activity planned for the weekend?A. Visiting an art exhibitionB. Attending a live music eventC. Going to the city museumD. Having lunch together7. At what time does the art exhibition start?A. 9 amB. 10 amC. 11 amD. 12 pm8. Where is the art exhibition located?A. At a local galleryB. At the city museumC. At a live music venueD. At a restaurant9. What additional activity is planned after the art exhibition?A. Going to a movieB. Having lunchC. Attending a live music eventD. Visiting a local gallery10. At what time does the live music event start?A. 1 pmB. 2 pmC. 3 pmD. 4 pm答案：6. A7. B8. B9. C10. B3. 写作部分Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using social media. Your essay should be no less than 250 words.Social media has become an integral part of modern life, offering numerous advantages and some disadvantages. On the positive side, social media platforms provide a space for individuals to connect with friends and family, regardless of geographical distance. They also serve as a platform for businesses to reach a global audience, which can lead toincreased sales and brand recognition. Additionally, social media can be a powerful tool for sharing information and raising awareness about social issues.However, there are also downsides to social media use. One major concern is the impact on mental health, with studies showing that excessive use can lead to increased feelings of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the spread of misinformation and the potential for cyberbullying areserious issues that can have real-world consequences. Lastly, the addictive nature of social media can lead to a decreasein productivity and a lack of focus on real-life interactions.In conclusion, while social media offers many benefits, it is important to be aware of its potential drawbacks and use it responsibly.结束语以上是雅思难度测试题及答案，希望能够帮助考生更好地准备雅思考试。

雅思官方机考模拟试题雅思（IELTS）是国际英语语言测试系统（International English Language Testing System）的简称，是全球范围内最受欢迎的语言能力测试之一。

雅思考试分为笔试和机考两种形式，机考相对于传统的笔试形式更加方便快捷。

下面将给大家介绍一些雅思官方机考模拟试题，供大家练习备考。

一、听力部分1. 请听录音，选择正确的答案。

题目：What is the main topic of the lecture?A. The history of jazz music.B. The influence of jazz music on popular culture.C. The role of women in jazz music.2. 请听录音，回答问题。

Question: What is the man worried about?Answer: He is worried about his upcoming job interview.3. 请听录音，填入正确的缺失信息。

题目：The Great Wall of ChinaThe Great Wall of China is one of the most famous ________ in the world, spanning over 13,000 miles in length.二、阅读部分1. Passage 1题目：What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of exercise for mental health.B. The history of the Olympics.C. The importance of a balanced diet.2. Passage 2题目：In paragraph 3, the word "sustainable" most closely meansA. temporaryB. manageableC. long-lasting3. Passage 3题目：What is the author's attitude towards climate change?A. OptimisticB. PessimisticC. Neutral三、写作部分请用150字写一篇关于“Climate Change”话题的短文。

SECTION 1Questions 1-10Questions 1-5Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Transport from BayswaterExample AnswerDestination:Harbour CityExpress train leaves at 1________________.Nearest station is 2________________.Number 706 bus goes to 3________________.Number 4________________ bus goes to station.Earlier bus leaves at 5________________.Questions 6-10Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.SECTION 2Questions 11-20Questions 11-14Which counselor should you see?Write the correct letter A, B or C to questions 11-14.A Louise BagshawB Tony DenbyC Naomi Flynn11if you do not have an appointment12if it is your first time seeing a counselor13if you are unable to see a counselor during normal office hours 14if your concerns are related to anxietyQuestions 15-20Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.SECTION 3Questions 21-30Questions 21-30Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Novel: 21_______________Protagonists: Mary Lennox; Colin CravenTime period: Early in 22_______________Plot: Mary →UK—meets Colin who thinks he’ll never be able to23_______________. They become friends.Point of view: “Omniscient” — narrator knows all about characters’ feelings, opinions and 24_______________Audience: Good for children — story simple to followSymbols: (physical items that represent 25_______________•the robin redbreast•26_______________•the portrait of Mistress CravenMotifs: (patterns in the story)•“The Garden of Eden”•secrecy — metaphorical and literal transition from 27_______________ Themes: Connections between•28_______________ and outlook•29_______________ and well-being•individuals and the need for 30_______________SECTION 4Questions 31-40Questions 31-35Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.Questions 36-40Choose the correct letter A, B or C.36We are all present hedonistsA at school.B at birth.C while eating and drinking.37American boys drop out of school at a higher rate than girls becauseA they need to be in control of the way they learn.B they play video games instead of doing school work.C they are not as intelligent as girls.38Present-orientated childrenA do not realise present actions can have negative future effects.B are unable to leam lessons from past mistakes.C know what could happen if they do something bad, but do it anyway.39If Americans had an extra day per week, they would spend itA working harder.B building relationships.C sharing family meals.40 Understanding how people think about time can help usA become more virtuous.B work together better.C identify careless or ambitious people.READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AmbergrisWhat is it and where does it come from?Ambergris was used to perfume cosmetics in the days of ancient Mesopotamia and almost every civilization on the earth has a brush with ambergris. Before 1,000 AD, the Chinese names ambergr is as lung sien hiang, “dragon’s spittle perfume,” as they think that it was produced from the drooling of dragons sleeping on rocks at the edge of a sea. The Arabs knew ambergris as anbar, believing that it is produced from springs near seas. It also gets its name from here. For centuries, this substance has also been used as a flavouring for food.During the Middle Ages, Europeans used ambergris as a remedy for headaches, colds, epilepsy, and other ailments. In the 1851 whaling novel Moby-Dick, Herman Melville claimed that ambergris was "largely used in perfumery." But nobody ever knew where it really came from. Experts were still guessing its origin thousands of years later, until the long ages of guesswork ended in the 1720's, when Nantucket whalers found gobs of the costly material inside the stomachs of sperm whales. Industrial whaling quickly burgeoned. By 20th century ambergris is mainly recovered from inside the carcasses of sperm whales.Through countless ages, people have found pieces of ambergris on sandy beaches. It was named grey amber to distinguish it from golden amber, another rare treasure. Both of them were among the most sought-after substances in the world, almost as valuable as gold. (Ambergris sells for roughly $20 a gram, slightly less than gold at $30 a gram.) Amber floats in salt water, and in old times the origin of both these substances was mysterious. But it turned out that amber and ambergris have little in common. Amber is a fossilized resin from trees that was quite familiar to Europeans long before the discovery of the New World, and prized as jewelry. Although considered a gem, amber is a hard, transparent, wholly-organic material derived from the resin of extinct species of trees, mainly pines.To the earliest Western chroniclers, ambergris was variously thought to come from the same bituminous sea founts as amber, from the sperm of fishes or whales, from thedroppings of strange sea birds (probably because of confusion over the included beaks of squid) or from the large hives of bees living near the sea. Marco Polo was the first Western chronicler who correctly attributed ambergris to sperm whales and its vomit. As sperm whales navigate in the oceans, they often dive down to 2 km or more below the sea level to prey on squid, most famously the Giant Squid. It's commonly accepted that ambergris forms in the whale's gut or intestines as the creature attempts to "deal" with squid beaks. Sperm whales are rather partial to squid, but seemingly struggle to digest the hard, sharp, parrot-like beaks. It is thought their stomach juices become hyper-active trying to process the irritants, and eventually hard, resinous lumps are formed around the beaks, and then expelled from their innards by vomiting. When a whale initially vomits up ambergris, it is soft and has a terrible smell. Some marine biologists compare it to the unpleasant smell of cow dung. But after floating on the salty ocean for about a decade, the substance hardens with air and sun into a smooth, waxy, usually rounded piece of nostril heaven. The dung smell is gone, replaced by a sweet, smooth, musky and pleasant earthy aroma.Since ambergris is derived from animals, naturally a question of ethics arises, and in the case of ambergris, it is very important to consider. Sperm whales are an endangered species, whose populations started to decline as far back as the 19th century due to the high demand for their highly emollient oil, and today their stocks still have not recovered. During the 1970's, the Save the Whales movement brought the plight of whales to international recognition. Many people now believe that whales are “saved”. This couldn't be further from the truth. All around the world, whaling still exists. Many countries continue to hunt whales, in spite of international treaties to protect them. Many marine researchers are concerned that even the trade in naturally found ambergris can be harmful by creating further incentives to hunt whales for this valuable substance.One of the forms ambergris is used today is as a valuable fixative in perfumes to enhance and prolong the scent. But nowadays, since ambergris is rare and expensive, and big fragrance suppliers that make most of the fragrances on the market today do not deal in it for reasons of cost, availability and murky legal issues, most perfumeries prefer to add a chemical derivative which mimics the properties of ambergris. As a fragrance consumer, you can assume that there is no natural ambergris in your perfume bottle, unless the company advertises this fact and unless you own vintage fragrances created before the 1980s. If you are wondering if you have been wearing a perfume with this legendary ingredient, you may want to review your scent collection. Here are a few of some of the top ambergris containing perfumes: Givenchy Amarige, Chanel No. 5, and Gucci Guilty. Questions 1-6Classify the following information as referring toA ambergris onlyB amber onlyC both ambergris and amberD neither ambergris nor amberWrite the correct letter, A, B, C, or D in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.1being expensive2adds flavor to food3used as currency4being see-through5referred to by Herman Melville6produces sweet smellQuestions 7-9Complete the sentences below with NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage. Write your answers in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7Sperm whales can’t digest the _____________ of the squids.8Sperm whales drive the irritants out of their intestines by _____________.9The vomit of sperm whale gradually _____________ on contact of air before having pleasant smell.Questions 10-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this10Most ambergris comes from the dead whales today.11Ambergris is becoming more expensive than before.12Ambergris is still a popular ingredient in perfume production today.13New uses of ambergris have been discovered recently.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Questions 14-20Reading passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.14Paragraph A15Paragraph B16Paragraph C17Paragraph D18Paragraph E19Paragraph F20Paragraph GTackling Hunger in MsekeniA.There are not enough classrooms at the Msekeni primary school, so half the lessons take place in the shade of yellow-blossomed acacia trees. Given this shortage, it might seem odd that one of the school’s purpose-built classrooms has been emptied of pupils and turned into a storeroom for sacks of grain. But it makes sense. Food matters more than shelter.B.Msekeni is in one of the poorer parts of Malawi, a landlocked southern African country of exceptional beauty and great poverty. No war lays waste Malawi, nor is the land unusually crowded or infertile, but Malawians still have trouble finding enough to eat. Half of the children under five are underfed to the point of stunting. Hunger blights most aspects of Malawian life, so the country is as good a place as any to investigate how nutrition affects development, and vice versa.C.The headmaster at Msekeni, Bernard Kumanda, has strong views on the subject. He thinks food is a priceless teaching aid. Since 1999, his pupils have received free school lunches. Donors such as the World Food Programme (WFP) provide the food: those sacks of grain (mostly mixed maize and soyabean flour, enriched with vitamin A) in that converted classroom. Local volunteers do the cooking— turning the dry ingredients into a bland but nutritious slop, and spooning it out on to plastic plates. The children line up in large crowds, cheerfully singing a song called “We are getting porridge”.D.When the school’s feeding programme was introduced, enrolment at Msekeni doubled. Some of the new pupils had switched from nearby schools that did not give out free porridge, but most were children whose families had previously kept them at home to work. These families were so poor that the long-term benefits of education seemed unattractive when set against the short-term gain of sending children out to gather firewood or help in the fields. One plate of porridge a day completely altered the calculation. A child fed at school will not howl so plaintively for food at home. Girls, who are more likely than boys to be kept out of school, are given extra snacks to take home.E.When a school takes in a horde of extra students from the poorest homes, you would expect standards to drop. Anywhere in the world, poor kids tend to perform worse than their better-off classmates. When the influx of new pupils is not accompanied by any increase in the number of teachers, as was the case at Msekeni, you would expect standards to fall even further. But they have not. Pass rates at Msekeni improveddramatically, from 30% to 85%. Although this was an exceptional example, the nationwide results of school feeding programmes were still pretty good. On average, after a Malawian school started handing out free food it attracted 38% more girls and 24% more boys. The pass rate for boys stayed about the same, while for girls it improved by 9.5%.F.Better nutrition makes for brighter children. Most immediately, well-fed children find it easier to concentrate. It is hard to focus the mind on long division when your stomach is screaming for food. Mr Kumanda says that it used to be easy to spot the kids who were really undernourished. “They were the ones who stared into space and didn’t respond when you asked them questions,” he says. More crucially, though, more and better food helps brains grow and develop. Like any other organ in the body, the brain needs nutrition and exercise. But if it is starved of the necessary calories, proteins and micronutrients, it is stunted, perhaps not as severely as a muscle would be, but stunted nonetheless. That is why feeding children at schools works so well. And the fact that the effect of feeding was more pronounced on girls than on boys gives a clue to who eats first in rural Malawian households. It isn’t the girls.G.On a global scale, the good news is that people are eating better than ever before. Homo sapiens has grown 50% bigger since the Industrial Revolution. Three centuries ago, chronic malnutrition was more or less universal. Now, it is extremely rare in rich countries. In developing countries, where most people live, plates and rice bowls are also fuller than ever before. The proportion of children under five in the developing world who are malnourished to the point of stunting fell from 39% in 1990 to 30% in 2000, says the World Health Organisation (WHO). In other places, the battle against hunger is steadily being won. Better nutrition is making people cleverer and more energetic, which will help them grow more prosperous. And when they eventually join the ranks of the well-off, they can start fretting about growing too fat.Questions 21-24Complete the sentences below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS / OR A NUMBER from the passage.Write your answers in boxes 21-24 on your answer sheet.21In Kumanda’s school _________ are given to girls after the end of the school day. 22Many children from poor families were sent to collect _________ from the field. 23Thanks to the free food program, ____________ of students passed the test.24The modem human is ____________ bigger than before after the Industrial Revolution.Questions 25-26Choose TWO letters, A-F.Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.Which TWO of the following statements are true?A Some children are taught in the open air.B Bernard Kumanda became the headmaster in 1991.C No new staffs were recruited when attendance rose.D Girls are often treated equally with boys in Malawi.E Scientists have devised ways to detect the most underfed students in school.F WHO is worried about malnutrition among kids in developing countries.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Placebo Effect—The Power of NothingWant to devise a new form of alternative medicine? No problem. Here’s the recipe. Be warm, sympathetic, reassuring and enthusiastic. Your treatment should involve physical contact, and each session with your patients should last at least half an hour. Encourage your patients to take an active part in their treatment and understand how their disorders relate to the rest of their lives. Tell them that their own bodies possess the true power to heal. Make them pay you out of their own pockets. Describe your treatment in familiar words, but embroidered with a hint of mysticism: energy fields, energy flows, energy blocks, meridians, forces, auras, rhythms and the like. Refer to the knowledge of an earlier age: wisdom carelessly swept aside by the rise and rise of blind, mechanistic science. Oh, come off it, you’re saying. Something invented off the top of your head couldn’t possibly work, could it?Well yes, it could—and often well enough to earn you a living. A good living if you are sufficiently convincing or, better still, really believe in your therapy. Many illnesses get better on their own, so if you are lucky and administer your treatment at just the right time you’ll get the credit. But that’s only part of it. Some of the improvement really would be down to you. Not necessarily because you’d recommended ginseng rather than camomile tea or used this crystal as opposed to that pressure point. Nothing so specific. Your healing power would be the outcome of a paradoxical force that conventional medicine recognises but remains oddly ambivalent about: the placebo effect.Placebos are treatments that have no direct effect on the body, yet still work because the patient has faith in their power to heal. Most often the term refers to a dummy pill, but it applies just as much to any device or procedure, from a sticking plaster to a crystal to an operation. The existence of the placebo effect implies that even quackery may confer real benefits, which is why any mention of placebo is a touchy subject for many practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), who are likely to regard it as tantamount to a charge of charlatanism. In fact, the placebo effect is a powerful part of all medical care, orthodox or otherwise, though its role is often neglected and misunderstood.One of the great strengths of CAM may be its practioners’ skill in deploying the placebo effect to accomplish real healing. “Complementary practitioners are miles better at producing non-specific effects and good therapeutic relationships,” says Edzard Ernst, professor of CAM at Exeter University. The question is whether CAM could be integrated into conventional medicine, as some would like, without losing much of this power.At one level, it should come as no surprise that our state of mind can influence our physiology: anger opens the superficial blood vessels of the face; sadness pumps the tear glands.But exactly how placebos work their medical magic is still largely unknown. Most of the scantresearch to date has focused on the control of pain, because it’s one of the commonest complaints and lends itself to experimental study. Here, attention has turned to the endorphins, natural counterparts of morphine that are known to help control pain. “Any of the neurochemicals involved in transmitting pain impulses or modulating them might also be involved in generating the placebo response,” says Don Price, an oral surgeon at the University of Florida who studies the placebo effect in dental pain.“But endorphins are still out in front.” That case has been strengthened by the recent work of Fabrizio Benedetti of the University of Turin, who showed that the placebo effect can be abolished by a drug, naloxone, which blocks the effects of endorphins. Benedetti induced pain in human volunteers by inflating a blood-pressure cuff on the forearm. He did this, several times a day for several days, using morphine each time to control the pain. On the final day, without saying anything, he replaced the morphine with a saline solution. This still relieved the subjects’ pain: a placebo effect. But when he added naloxone to the saline I the pain relief disappeared. Here was direct proof that placebo analgesia is mediated, at l least in part, by these natural opiates.Still, no one knows how belief triggers endorphin release, or why most people can’t achieve placebo pain relief simply by willing it. Though scientists don’t know exactly how placebos work, they have accumulated a fair bit of knowledge about how to trigger the effect. A London rheumatologist found, for example, that red dummy capsules made more effective painkillers than blue, green or yellow ones. Research on American students revealed that blue pills make better sedatives than pink, a colour more suitable for stimulants. Even branding can make a difference: if Aspro or Tylenol are what you like to take for a headache, their chemically identical generic equivalents may be less effective.It matters, too, how the treatment is delivered. Decades ago, when the major tranquiliser chlorpromazine was being introduced, a doctor in Kansas categorised his colleagues according to whether they were keen on it, openly sceptical of its benefits, or took a “let’s try and see” attitude. His conclusion: the more enthusiastic the doctor, the better the drug, performed. And this year Ernst surveyed published studies that compared doctors’ bedside manners. The studies turned up one consistent finding: “Physicians who adopt a warm, friendly and reassuring manner,” he reported, “are more effective than those whose consultations are formal and do not offer reassurance.”Warm, friendly and reassuring are precisely CAM’s strong suits, of course. Many of the ingredients of that opening recipe—the physical contact, the generous swathes of time, the strong hints of supernormal healing power—are just the kind of thing likely to impress patients. It’s hardly surprising, then, that complementary practitioners are generally best at mobilising the placebo effect, says Arthur Kleinman, professor of social anthropology at Harvard University.Questions 27-32Complete the following sentences with the correct ending. Choose the correct letter, A-H, for each sentence below.Write your answers in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.27Appointments with alternative practitioner28An alternative practitioner’s description of treatment29An alternative practitioner who has faith in what he does30The illness of patients convinced of alternative practice31Improvements of patients receiving alternative practice32Conventional medical doctorsQuestions 33-35Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.33In the fifth paragraph, the writer uses the example of anger and sadness to illustrate thatA people’s feelings could affect their physical behavior.B how placebo achieves its effect is yet to be understood.C scientists don’t understand how the mind influences the body.D research on the placebo effect is very limited.34Research on pain control attracts most of the attention becauseA only a limited number of researches have been conducted so far.B scientists have discovered that endorphins can help to reduce pain.C pain reducing agents might also be involved in placebo effect.D patients often experience pain and like to complain about it.35Fabrizio Benedetti’s research on endorphins indicates thatA they are widely used to regulate pain.B they can be produced by willful thoughts.C they can be neutralized by introducing naloxone.D their pain-relieving effects do not last long enough.Questions 36-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this36There is enough information for scientists to fully understand the placebo effect.37 A London based researcher discovered that red pills should be taken off the market.38People’s preference on brands would also have effect on their healing.39Medical doctors have a range of views of the newly introduced drug of chlorpromazine.40Alternative practitioners are seldom known for applying placebo effect.WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European countries.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.Amount spent on consumer goodsWRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic.When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills andways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.You should write at least 250 words.SPEAKINGPART 1The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.EXAMPLEFestivals• Tell me about the most important festival in your country.• What special food and activities are connected with this festival?• What do you most enjoy about it?• Do you think festivals are important for a country? [Why?]PARTPART 3Discussion topics:People’s cinema -going habits nowadaysExample questions:Do you think the cinema has increased or decreased in popularity in recent years? In your opinion, will this trend continue into the future?Making a film or TV drama of real/fictional eventsExample questions:What are the advantages and disadvantages of making films of real -life events? How important do you think it is for a film -maker to remain true to the original story? Censorship and the freedom of the film -maker/TV producerExample questions:Should films and television be censored or should we be free to choose what we see? How do you think censorship laws will change in the next 20 years?Describe a film or a TV programme which has made astrong impression on you.You should say:what kind of film or TV programme it was, e.g.comedywhen you saw the film or TV programmewhat the film or TV programme was aboutand explain why this film or TV programme made suchan impression on you.You will have to talk about the topic for 1 to 2 minutes. You have one minute to think about what you’re going to say. You can make some notes to help you if you wish.。