基于单片机的红外测距系统-柴玉国
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毕业设计（论文）
题 目：基于单片机的红外测距系统
学
院： 电子信息学院
专业班级：电气工程及其自动化2010级01班
指导教师： 厉谨 职称： 讲师
学生姓名： 柴玉国
学 号： -
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摘 要
现代科学技术的发展，进入了许多新领域，而在测距方面先后出现了激光测距、微波雷达测距、超声波测距及红外线测距。
为了实现物体近距离、高精度的无线测量，本文采用红外发射接收模块GP2D12作为距离传感器，单片机作为处理器，编写A/D转换、显示以及与PC机的通信程序，开发了一套便携式的红外距离测量系统，系统可以高精度的实时测量距离，并且将所得距离量通过数码管直接显示出来。本系统结构简单、运行可靠、测量精度高、方便使用，另外本系统形成了一套完善的软硬件开发平台，可以进行扩展、移植和做进一步的开发。
关键词：红外测距，STC52单片机，A/D转换，
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ABSTRACT
The development of modern science and technology, into many new areas,
has a laser The development of modern science and technology, into many
new areas, has a laser range finder in the ranging aspects, ranging of
microwave radar, ultrasonic ranging and infrared ranging.
In order to achieve the objects at close range, high-precision wireless
measurement, I used the infrared transmitter receiver module as the
distance sensor, microcontroller as the processor to write the A / D
conversion, display and communication with the PC program, developed a
will to push infrared distance measurement systems, high-precision real-time
system can display the measured distance, and distance measuring can be
sent through the serial port to a PC display processing, the system structure is
simple and reliable, small size, high accuracy, ease of use, while this system
the formation of a complete set of hardware and software development
platform can be extended, transplantation, and further development.
KEYWORDS: Infrared distance, STC89C52microcontroller, A / D conversion
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目 录
第一章绪 论 ............................................................................ 1
1.1设计背景....................................................................... 1
1.2红外线简介 .................................................................... 2
1.3红外传感器概述 .............................................................. 3
1.3.1红外传感器的分类 .................................................... 3
1.3．2 红外线传感器的应用 ............................................... 6
第二章红外测距的方法和原理 ........................................................ 7
2.1几种红外测距原理及选择 .................................................... 7
2.1.1 相位测距原理 ......................................................... 7
2.1.2 PSD测距原理 ........................................................ 8
2.1.3 带运动机构的双象比较法原理 .................................... 8
2.1.4 时间差测距法原理 .................................................. 8
2.1.5 反射能量法原理 ..................................................... 8
2.1.6三角法红外测距原理 ................................................. 8
2.1.7 红外测距原理的选择 ............................................... 9
第三章、红外测距的基本结构及系统框图 ......................................... 10 -
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3.2 红外测距系统框图 ......................................................... 12
4.1单片机最小系统模块 ....................................................... 13
4.1.1STC89C52单片机 .................................................... 13
4.1.2单片机的最小系统 .................................................. 18
4.2数据传输模块（程序下载电路） ......................................... 22
4.2.1 USB转串口 .......................................................... 22
4.2.2 MAX232芯片 ........................................................ 24
4.2.3小结 .................................................................. 27
4.3电源电路..................................................................... 27
4.4数码管显示电路 ............................................................ 28
4.4.1 74HC595 ............................................................. 28
4.4.2数码管 ............................................................... 30
4.4.3数码管显示电路原理图 ............................................ 32
4.5 ADC0832 ..................................................................... 32
4.6 GP2D12测距模块 .......................................................... 34
第五章软件模块设计 ................................................................. 36
