炎症性心肌病的诊断与治疗
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【摘要】炎症性心肌病(ICM)可能是心肌炎进展到扩张型心肌病中间的一个阶段。病因包括感染、免疫紊乱、理化因素损伤等,嗜心性病毒感染是ICM的主要病因。ICM临床表现缺乏特征性,生化检测对其临床诊断有帮助,心脏磁共振有较大诊断价值,心内膜心肌活检可协助确诊。治疗方法包括抗心力衰竭、抗心律失常、抗病毒及免疫治疗等。【关键词】心肌病,炎症性;诊断;治疗
炎症性心肌病(ICM)是指通过心内膜心肌活检(EMB)证实心肌内存在炎症和(或)病毒感染,是心肌病的一种特殊类型01-2j。由于病毒持续复制导致心肌炎自身免疫反应加剧,最终发展成为扩张型心肌病,临床以心肌炎导致心功能不全为特征,因而认为ICM可能是心肌炎进展到扩张型心肌病中间的一个阶段。1ICM的定义及分类1.1ICM的定义有关ICM的定义仍存在争议。有学者认为扩张型心肌病患者存在心肌炎症的增多而被称为ICMl2J。DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095—428X.2013.13.003作者单位:410013长沙,中南大学湘雅三医院儿科WHO/世界心脏病联盟(WHF)对ICM的定义:组织学上的心肌炎症同时有心功能不全po。由于心肌的炎性细胞浸润而形成心肌细胞变性或坏死,导致心肌炎症迁延不愈,形成炎症性扩张型心肌病。也有将心肌炎和ICM视为一个疾病,认为心肌炎是伴心功能不全的心肌炎症性疾病,其慢性期可发展为扩张型心肌病‘4。。Maisch等‘5o认为如果扩张型心肌病同时有病毒RNA或DNA,而无炎症存在,则称为病毒性心肌病或扩张型心肌病伴病毒持续存在;如果同时有病毒和炎症存在,则称为病毒性ICM更为确切;如果均未检出病毒或细菌RNA和DNA,但心肌炎症存在,则诊断为自身反应性心肌炎或ICM。1.2ICM的分类WHO将ICM分类为特殊心肌病的一型怛J。
美国心脏病协会认为ICM属原发性心肌病中获得性心肌病的
万方数据