现在完成时的五大句型归纳
2011-02-20 17:52:42| 分类：语法归纳 | 标签： |字号大中小订阅
◇It’s +一段时间+since…(或It has been +一段时间+since…)
1. It’s over twenty years since we last met. 我们已经有20多年没见面了。
2. It’s over nine years since Scotland won a game against England.
苏格兰队已经有9年多没有在比赛中赢过英格兰队了。
3. It’s a long time since our last vacation. 从上个假期到现在已经很久了。
4. It is ten years since she left me. 她离开我已经10年了。
5. How long is it since we visited your mother 自从我们看望你母亲以来到现在有多长时间了
☆备注：since从句如是延续性动词，表示动作或状态的结束，计时的起点应是动作或状态的结束之时，
因而其含义恰好与动词的词义相反，具有否定的意味。该考点不属于初中教学内容。
1. It is ten years since she was here. 自从她离开这里已经有10年了。
2. I haven’t written to her since she lived in London. 自从她离开伦敦以来，我还没有给她写过信。
3. She has never been to see me since I was ill. 我病愈之后她从未来看过我。
◇This is the +形容词最高级 that +从句（从句用现在完成时）
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
I must say that it’s the best model I have ever seen. (课本P17) 我得说这是我看到过的最好的模型。
◇Where have you been
I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been 我好久没见到你了，你去哪里了
Where have you been since I last saw you 自从我上次见到你以后，你到哪儿去了
◇There have been …
There have been many changes to this place. (课本P19) 这个地方已经有了很大的变化。
There have been many changes around here since I was a boy. 这里自我幼年起已发生了很多变化。
◇It is the first / second/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时）It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这个城市。
◇情态动词加现在完成表示推测
must have done
Could have done
Can not have done
Need not have done
翻译句子：
1. 他回来已经好长时间了。
2. 这是我玩过的最有趣的游戏。
3. 你到哪里去了
4. 在过去五年里南京有了很大的变化。
5. 这是我第三次看这部电影。
Keys:
1. It’s a long time since he came back.
2. This is the most interesting game that I have (ever) played.
3. Where have you been
4. There have been great changes to Nanjing in the past five years.
(Nanjing has changed a lot in the past five years.)
5.It is the third time that I have seen the film.
过去完成式
1 this was the first time that
2 hardly…when
3 虚拟语气
4 强调动作先后
过去完成式与下列三种句型连用。
1 had been doing + when ··· +动词简单过去式：
本课：The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.
例：I had been reading when I heard steps outside. 我一直在读书之时，突然，
我听到外边有脚步声。
比较：I was reading when I heard steps outside. 我正在读书之时，突然听到外边有脚步声。
2 had been doing + before···+动词简单过去式：
本课：Fireman had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
例：He had been working in a factory for years before he got this job. 在他
得到这个工作之前，他一直在一家工厂里工作有多年了。
3 He had been working for that for the last ten years. 十年来，他一直受雇于
那家公司。（讲这句话时，是指五十年代，或六十年代的情况）
如：Empress Ci-Xi had been living in the Summer Palace for the last two months. 两个月以来，西太后一直住在颐和园。（叙述过去情况）
