挖掘机常见故障检测与维修方向
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1 安徽交通职业技术学院
毕业论文
题 目: 挖掘机常见故障检测与维修
学生姓名: 梁振环
学号: 200921770
毕业学校:安徽交通职业技术学院 班级: 09机械班
院(系): 汽车与机械工程系 专业:工程机械运用与维护
入学时间: 2009 年 9 月
导师姓名: 吴幼松 职称: 副教授
完成时间: 2012 年 6 月
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摘 要
近年来随着我国建设事业的高速发展,挖掘机已成为重要的土方工程机械被广泛应用于工程中。现代挖掘机一般都采用了机电液一体化控制模式,常见故障为挖掘机行走跑偏、发动机转速下降,工作速度变慢,挖掘无力、制动不灵/等一些日常使用中的故障。本文主要介绍了挖掘机的液压系统、回转系统、行走系统、电气系统、发动机、传动系统的常见故障判断及维修方向。
Abstract;
In recent years, with the rapid development of our country construction
career, excavator has become important earth-moving machinery is
widely used in engineering. Modern excavator generally adopted
electromechanical electrohydraulic control mode, common fault for
excavator walk snaking, engine speed slow decline, work, mining
weakness, brake daily use some, such as ineffective/the fault. This
paper mainly introduces the hydraulic system, turning an excavator
system, motion system, electrical system, engine, transmission system
of the common fault diagnosis and maintenance direction.
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目 录
1引言 ............................................................................................................................................... 4
2.液压系统常见故障 ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 挖掘机液压系统 ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 单个动作故障 ............................................................................................................................ 4
2.2.1 挖掘机操作动作缓慢无力或完全没有动作。 ..................................................................... 4
2.2.2挖掘机操作动作错乱。 .......................................................................................................... 4
2.3 某组操纵阀控制的几个动作同时不正常 ............................................................................... 5
2.3.1 此种故障原因可能是子系统主溢流阀故障。 ..................................................................... 5
2.3.2故障原因还有可能是所在子系统液压泵故障。 .................................................................. 5
2.3.3故障子系统液压泵调节机构也可能发生故障。 ................................................................ 5
2.4 整机全部动作故障 ................................................................................................................... 5
2.5 挖掘机液压系统故障检测方法 ............................................................................................... 5
3 回转系统....................................................................................................................................... 6
3.1液压挖掘机不能回转及回转角度偏大原因 ............................................................................. 6
3.2惯性回转角度偏大 .................................................................................................................... 6
4 行走系统 ..................................................................................................................................... 7
4.1行走跑偏 ..................................................................................................................................... 7
5 电气系统故障 ............................................................................................................................... 8
6 发动机故障 ................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1发动机油路故障 ......................................................................................................................... 9
6.2发动机动力不足 ......................................................................................................................... 9
6.3发动机过热 ................................................................................................................................. 9
6.4排气冒黑烟 ................................................................................................................................. 9
6.5噪音............................................................................................................................................. 9
7 传动系统..................................................................................................................................... 10
7.1制动不灵 ................................................................................................................................... 10
7.2、转身沉重 ................................................................................................................................ 10
7.3、工作油温急剧升高 ................................................................................................................ 10