非谓语动词用法大全

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非谓语动词用法

不定式1

To read this book through will require time and patience.

读完这本书需要时间与耐心。

=It will require time and patience to read this book through.

To finish it is difficult. =It is difficult to finish it.

It is difficult for you to finish it.

It's very nice of you to be so considerate. 你太好了想得这么周到。

It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.

参加这个大会对我们来说是个很大的荣幸。

不定式做主语的三种句型:

(1)不定式短语 + 谓语动词

(2)It's + 形容词 + for/of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语

(3)It's + 名词 + for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语

adj+ for+sb to do 句式一般形容词是修饰不定式,而adj +of +sb to do 中形容词修饰某人,一般指某人的品质。

注:It's + 形容词 + of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语的句子可以做如下改写:

It's kind of you to think so much of us. 难为你这样替我们着想。

=You are kind to think so much of us.

It's + 形容词 + for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语不能做如上改写。

我们可以通过尝试改写,来确定选择 "of" 还是 "for" 。

不定式2

What I am going to do is to play tennis this afternoon.

我今天下午要做的事是打网球。

Her wish is to become a singer. 她的愿望是当一名歌手。

To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

不定式做表语的三种句型:

(1)不定式作表语表示一次性的动作。

(2)作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词: hope, idea, job,

plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business。

(3)在句型"主 + 系 + 表" 中,若主语和表语都是非谓语形式时,主语和表语要取得一致。如:主语是ing形式,表语也应是ing 形式,主语是不定式时表语也应是不定式。

不定式3

You have no right to talk like that. 你没有权利那样说话。

be ambitious to serve the people 一心想为人民服务

All of us knew her ambition to be a famous singer.

我们都知道她的理想是成为著名的歌唱家。

Has the visitor had anything to eat?

=Has the visitor had anything that he could eat?

I need a chair to sit on. 我需要一只椅子来坐。

Mary needs a friend to play with. 玛丽需要一个玩伴。

1) 不定式短语作定语时,必须放在名词中心词的后面,作后置定语

2) 某些形容词通常接不定式,因此它们的派生名词之后也要接不定式作定语。以下是同类的名词: ability 、ambition、 anxiety、 readiness、 willingness、 eagerness 3) 不定式短语做后置定语相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句。

4) 如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词时,后面必须加上介词。使之能和它的逻辑宾语搭配。

不定式4

To look at her, you would think her a kind lady.

只要你见到她,你就会认为她是个善良的女士。

You must get up early not to miss the train.

如果你不想错过火车,你必须早起。

He shuddered to think of his bitter past.

他每当想起辛酸的过去就不寒而栗。

She seemed very glad to tell her that we would go to meet her.

我们告诉她我们要去看她,她似乎很高兴。

He raised his hand as if to hit me. 他举起了手好像要打我似的。

不定式做状语的三种句型:

(1)不定式短语作条件状语的注意事项:肯定式的不定式作条件状语通常放在句首,否定式的不定式作条件状语通常放在句尾,谓语动词通常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。

(2)不定式短语可以作原因状语。

(3)不定式作方式状语时,通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的结构

不定式5

I hurried to his house, only to find him out.

我急急忙忙赶到他家,结果却发现他不在家。

Would you be so kind as to do me a favour? 请你帮我一下好吗?

The boy is old enough to take care of himself.

这个男孩够大了,可以自己照顾自己。

They went there to visit their teacher. 他们去那里拜访他们的老师。

To explain more clearly, I'll show you the pictures.

为了解释得更清楚,我给你们看一些图片。

In order to get better seats, they went to the hall early.

为了得到好位置,他们早早到礼堂。

Tom kept quiet about the accident, so as not to lose his job.

为了不至于丢掉饭碗,汤姆闭口不谈事故的事

To tell you the truth,I’ve never met him. 给你说真的,我从没见过他。

To be frank,you need a great deal of courage.坦白地说,你要有很大勇气。

不定式做状语的三种句型:

(1)不定式短语作结果状语都有“意料之外”之意, 常与“only”连用。 也可以用来引起结果状语:so...as to/ such... as to/ enough to/ only to/ too...to

(2)不定式作目的状语,也可以用in order to/ so as to来引起目的状语

(3)不定式作评注性状语时,也不需考虑非谓语形式的逻辑主语与主句主语的一致问题。

这类词语有:to tell you the truth /to be honest(说老实话),to be frank(坦率地说), to begin

with(首先), to be brief(简言之), to make a long story short(长话短说), to be exact(精确地说), to say nothing of(姑且不说),to conclude(总而言之), to be sure(诚然、固然), to do him justice(说句对他公道的话),so to speak(可以这么说、打个譬喻说)

不定式6

We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.

我们约定在这里见面,但是到现在她都还没露面。

He offered to help us. 他提出要帮助我们。

I felt it useless for us to say anything further.

我觉得我们再说下去也没有用。

I made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running.

我已经养成习惯,早早起床,洗个冷水澡,然后去跑步。

I'm glad to meet you. 见到你很高兴。

She was disappointed to know that you won't be able to come to her birthday party. 她得知你不能来参加她的生日晚会而很失望。

(1)有些动词常用动词不定式作宾语,常用动词不定式作宾语的有如下动词:

agree, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue,decide, desire, determine, expect, forget, hate,

hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, offer, prefer,pretend, promise, refuse, start, try,

undertake, want, wish等。

(2)主语 + 谓语动词 + it +形容词/名词+ 不定式,这里的"it"是形式宾语,"形容词/名词/代词"是宾补, "不定式"是真实宾语。这里需要用"it"做形式宾语的原因是不定式短语太长,

而挪到后面去,以保持句子的平衡。

(3)主语 + be 动词 + 形容词 + 不定式 这种句型 中的主语通常是人,形容词多半是描述此人的态度或情感状况。

不定式7

I shall try to persuade her to see the doctor. 我将尽力劝她去看病。

The villagers didn't allow them to do this. 村民们不允许他们这样做。

I felt someone pull me by the sleeve. 我觉得有人在拉我的衣袖。

Let me know what you are thinking of. 告诉我你在想什么。

Someone saw him enter my room. =He was seen to enter my room. 有人看到他进入我的房间。

(1)主语 + 谓语动词 + 人 + 不定式中,不定式短语作宾语补足语,

常用于此类句型的有如下动词:get, ask, order, persuade, advise, like, want, tell, know, help, call

on等。

(2)主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式中,不定式短语作宾语补足语,常用于此类句型的有如下动词: make, let, see, watch, hear, have, feel, notice, listen to, 但是,这种句子改为被动语态的时候,除 let 外,应该改用带 to 的不定式。