The functions of language

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只供学习交流用 Chapter One Language

1. Define the following terms

1) discreteness 2) design features

3) arbitrariness 4) duality

5) displacement 6) cultural transmission

7) the imaginative function of language 8) the personal function of language

9) the heuristic function of language 10) language

2. Multiple Choice

Directions: In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best

answer to the question or to complete the sentence best.

1) Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang

2) The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade” is ________.

A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative

3) In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are

1)Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific or systematic study of (human)

language.

word language preceded by zero article in English implies that linguistics studies

not any particular language, . English , Chinese , French and Japanese, but languages

in general.

word study does not mean “learn” but “investigate”.

word scientific refers to the way in which

language is studied.

It is a science in the sense that it scientifically studies the rules,systems and

principles of human languages. It deals with a wide range of linguistic

phenomena,analyzes them,and makes general statements about them.

2)Linguistics is always guided by the 3 canons of science:(e c e)

exhaustiveness: it strives for thorough-goingness in the examination of relevant

materials;

consistency: there should be no contradiction between different parts of the

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编1

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编1

(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)

1.Sociolect(中山大学2000年；南开大学2003年研)

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Dialects which identify where a person

is in terms of a social scale are called "social dialects"or "class

dialects" or "sociolects" for short.)

解析：

2.Linguistic variable(北外2011研)

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Linguistic variables are those where

the meaning remains constant but form varies like cat and pussy

have the same social meaning but different from. So far as

pronunciation is concerned house[h]and with[h]has same social

meaning with different pronunciations. Here variables are just the

tools to analyze the language to set social dimensional society.)

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编13

(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、 填空题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)

1.Such errors as "teached" and "womans" are caused by 1.

（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：second language learners）

解析：解析：（这些错误一般是第二语言习得者犯的。)

2. 1is a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar

study as the main teaching and learning activities.

（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Grammar-translation Method）

解析：解析：（语法翻译法即在外语教学中主要运用翻译和语法学习为教学活动的方法。)

3. 1 is a grammar-based language teaching method in which principles of grammatical and lexical

gradation are used and new teaching points presented and practiced through situations.

（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Situational language teaching）

解析：解析：（情景教学法基于语法的教学方法，强调在情境中呈现语法规则和词汇级别等教学点。)

4.There are three principles of language testing: 1, 2and 3.