2017届河南省洛阳市高三下学期第二次统一考试文科综合试题及答案

河南省洛阳市2018届高三下学期统考（二练）文科综合试卷(A)地理部分本试卷分第1卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

满分100分。

第I卷(选择题，共44分)注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目填写在答题卷上。

2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卷上对应题目答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

答在试题卷上无效。

3．非选择题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔，直接写在答题卷上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上或答在答题卷其它题的答题区内均为无效答案。

4．考试结束后，请将答题卷上交。

一、选择题：共11小题，每小题4分，共44分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

读地租水平与距城市中心地区距离关系变化图(图1)，完成1-2题。

1．能正确反映某大城市地租水平与距市中心距离关系的曲线是A．a B．bC．c D．d2．从地租水平来看，图中③地和⑤地可能位于A．城市中心 B．街道两侧C.主干道交汇处D．城市绿地图2为“沿450N某大陆所作的剖面示意图”，其中，900W穿过该大陆的中部。

读图，完成3-4题。

3．有关图中大陆及周边地理事物的叙述，正确的是A.①地所在的大洋是大西洋 B．与④地相比，②地冬暖夏凉C.③地的河流属于太平洋水系 D．④地的自然景观为针叶林4．若图中M、N表示近地面的等压面，则此季节A．盛行风由⑤地吹向④地 B．该大陆大部分地区处于多雨季节C．②地的河流处于结冰期 D．③地常受到寒潮和暴风雪的侵袭常流性河道频率是指以一条直线截取某一地区，求取被该直线切割的常流性河道数与直线长度之比，反映该区域水系网的密度。

图3示意沿“湛江-漠河”一线年降水量、常流性河道频率的地带关系。

读图，完成5-6题。

5．有关图中各地常流性河道频率的叙述，正确的是A．①地因降水量少，常流性河道频率较②地小B．④地因海拔最高，因而常流性河道频率最小C．影响①一②段常流性河道频率变化的主要因素是地形D．影响③一④段常流性河道频率变化的主要因素是太阳辐射6．有关图中各地地理特征的叙述，正确的是A．“绿洲农业”是①地的特色农业地域类型 B．“河网密布，鱼米之乡”是②地的景观写照C．“雪山连绵，宽谷广布”是③地的地貌特点 D．“塞上江南”是④地典型的人文景观读欧洲1月等温线分布图(图4)，完成7-8题。

洛阳市2016—2017学年高中三年级第二次统一考试数学试卷(文)第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分.在每个小题给出的四个选项中，有且只有一项符合题目要求.1. 设复数z 满足1z i i =-+（i 为虚数单位），则复数z 为（ ）A 2iB 2iC ．1D ．12i --2.已知集合{}{}21,1,3,1,2A B a a =-=-，且B A ⊆，则实数a 的不同取值个数为A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5 3.已知,a b r r 均为非零向量，()()2,2a b a b a b -⊥-⊥r r r r r r ，则,a b r r 的夹角为 A. 3π B. 2π C. 23π D.56π 4. 已知等差数列{}n a 的公差和首项都不等于0，且2a ，4a ，8a 成等比数列，则15923a a a a a +++等于（ ）A ．6B ．5C ．4D ．35.设)2221tan 39cos50cos127cos 40cos37,sin 56cos56,21tan 39a b c -=+=-=+oo o o oo o o ，则,,a b c 的大小关系是A. a b c >>B. b a c >>C. c a b >>D. a c b >>6. 某几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体中，面积最大的侧面的面积为（ ）A ．1B ．2C ．5D ．67. 意大利著名数学家斐波那契在研究兔子的繁殖问题时，发现有这样的一列数：1,1,2,3,5,8,⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅.该数列的特点是：前两个数均为1，从第三个数起，每一个数都等于它前面两个数的和，人们把这样的一列数所组成的数列{}n a 称为“斐波那契数列”，则()2132a a a -+()2243a a a -+()2354a a a -+⋅⋅⋅+()2201520172016a a a -=A. 1B. -1C. 2017D.-20178. 如图所示，使用模拟方法估计圆周率值的程序框闰，P 表示估计的结果，刚图中空白框内应填入P =（ ）A ．2017M B ．2017M C ．42017M D ．20174M9.已知直线()00x y k k +-=>与圆224x y +=交于不同的两点A,B,O 为坐标原点，且有OA OB +≥u u u r u u u r u u r ，那么k 的取值范围是A. )+∞B. )+∞C.D. 10.一个透明密闭的正方体容器中，恰好盛有该容器一半容积的水，任意转动这个正方体，则水面在容器可以是：（1）三角形；（2）四边形；（3）五边形；（4）六边形.其中正确的结论是A. （1）（3）B.（2）（4）C.（2）（3）（4）D. （1）（2）（3）（4）11.已知直线()()20y k x k =+>与抛物线2:8C y x =相交于A,B 两点，F 为C 的焦点,且2FA FB =，则点A 到抛物线的准线的距离为A. 6B. 5C. 4D.312.已知函数()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数，当0x <时，()()1x f x ex =+给出下列命题：①当0x >时，()()1x f x e x -=-；②函数()f x 有两个零点；③()0f x <的解集为()(),10,1-∞-U ；④12,x x R ∀∈,都有()()122f x f x -<。

河南省洛阳市2017届高三第二次统一考试（3月）英语试卷第Ⅰ卷, suitable for waiting rooms.D．The dates of publication2．What can you do to search for more information about the books? ________A．Buy the brochureB．Write to the authorC．Telephone the sellersD．Visit amazon. com3．How should a Canadian pay if he wants to buy all the four books? ________A．Pay $69 in allB．Pay $65 in totalC．Pay for them by credit cardD．Pay for them in Canadian dollars4．For whom is QUACKERY AND YOU designed? ________A．Those who order some medicineB．Those who hole special opinionsC．Those waiting to see the doctorD．Those studying the science of medicineBI was born and raised in England in a cul ture where privacy and “keeping yourself to yourself” were valued traditions. Speaking to strangers was not encouraged. People were most hospitable（好客的）and friendly.However, I have been lucky enough to spend some time in both Italy and the US, where I found traditions of hospitality and politeness to be very different.I experienced Italian hospitality first－hand on a crowded railway carriage travelling, one afternoon, from Genoa to Florence. Sinking gratefully into an empty seat, I was scolded in rapid Italian by a gentleman who was returning to this seat－it had not been “spare” after all. I apologized in English, and got up to allow him back into the seat. The gentleman obviously had no understanding of the English language, but he, too, realized my genuine （真诚的）mistake. He smiled and gestured for me to remain in the seat, and he himself remained standing in the corridor for the remainder of the journey. The other occupants of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them. I feel that if this had been in England, a foreigner who made a mistake would not always be so kindly treated.Transport also featured in the differences I noticed between English and American culture. I flew to New York on a plane with mainly English passengers. We sat together in near silence. Nobody spoke to me nor, as I expected, to anyone else they did not know. They felt it was not polite tointerrupt someone else's privacy. However, when I travelled across the United States, whether by plane or Greyhound bus, I was never short of conversation. Conversation was going on all around me and whoever sat next to me was happy to introduce themselves and ask me about myself. They obviously felt it would have been rude not to speak to another person, whether they were strangers or not.5．What do we know about the occupants when the author was travelling in Italy? ________A．They were all on the side of the gentleman.B．They all laughed at the author for his mistake.C．They would not bear a mistake like the author's in public.D．They all showed their understanding of the author's mistake.6．How does the author finally believes the Italian people are? ________A．ColdB．RudeC．HelpfulD．Hospitable7．Why did English passengers sit in near silence according to the last paragraph? ________A．They were too tired to speak to anyone.B．They were all strangers to each otherC．Privacy was a valued tradition in EnglandD．Everybody was deeply lost in thought8．What can be the best title for the text? ________A．Different Ways of Hospitality and PolitenessB．My Unforgettable Travelling Experience AbroadC．Co-understanding Each OtherD．The Importance of PrivacyCThere is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit of whisky（威士忌）at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle. When Queen Victoria visited the castle in 1873, she wrote in her diary, “I never saw a lovelier spot,”Scotland is not easily defined. In certain moments, this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes. When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light, the rivers, teeming with fish, can turn into streams of gold. As you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of River Orchy, near the Inverlochy Castle, any frustration（烦恼）will float away as gently as the circling water. It’s just you and purple, pink, white flowers, seeking a perfect harmony. If you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basics from a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetime’s fun. For many, fishing is more than a sport; it is an art.Scotland offers interesting place where you can rest after a long day’s fishing. Set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland, the beautiful Inverlochy Castle Hotel below the Nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of Scotland’s mountains. Ben Nevis is the highest of all British mountains, and reaching its 1, 342-metre top is a challenge. But it’s not just what goes up matters; what comes down is unique. More than 900 metres high, on t he mountain’s north face, lies an all-important source of pure water. Its name comes from the Gaelic（盖尔特）language “usqueb” or “water of life”; And it is the single most important ingredient（原料）in Scotland’sbest-known drink: whisky.9．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? ________A．By making comparisons.B．By following time order.C．By analyzing causes.D．By giving descriptions.10．What is Ben Nevis specially noted for? ________A．The challenge up to its top.B．The water from the mountain.C．The beauty of its surroundings.D．The Inverlochy Castle Hotel.11．What is the main purpose of the passage? ________A．To introduce Scottish traditions to tourists.B．To describe the pleasures of life in Scotland.C．To show the attractions of Scotland to readers.D．To explore geographical characteristics of Scotland.12．What does the story of Queen Victoria show? ________A．The Queen is rich in tour experienceB．The year of 1873 is special for the QueenC．Tasting whisky is better than going fishingD．The castle’s a good place to go in ScotlandDFor humans, climbing Mount Qomolangma is seen as a great impressive achievement. People make movies, write books, and have essentially developed a whole industry surrounding the challenge that is this mountain. While we consider climbing the mountain as an athletic achievement, there is one animal, the bar-headed goose, does not think so.As the species migrates（迁徙）from Central Asia to Southeast Asia every autumn, it must cross over the Himalayan range. These mountains force the bar-headed goose to fly at around 30, 000 feet above sea level, which is the highest altitude for migratory birds.These geese have special adaptions that allow them to survive at the altitude. For example, a special protein （蛋白质）in blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body allows their blood cells to combine with oxygen. Their circulatory system provides a constant supply of fresh, oxygenated blood to their wing muscles（肌肉）. They have much larger lungs than other birds, which give them the ability to take in more air.Scientists initially believe that the geese flow at an extremely high altitude for the full length of their migration. But later the data suggests that the birds use a much more effective way of travel. Instead of remaining at an extremely high altitude to fly over the mountain range, the geese hug the mountains, flying up and down dependingon the obstacles（障碍物）in their way. This works better for them because they don’t have to use all their energy flying in an area with low oxygen; they can spend time flying at lower altitudes.The geese also make use of nature to make this work easier. To fly down, they simply allow gravity to pull them. To fly back up, they make use of orographic（地形的）lift, which happens when flowing air meets an obstacle, such as a mountain. The mountain forces the air up, creating an upward draft. The birds take advantage of this draft, expending less of their own energy to fly up the mountain.The way these birds have adapted to flying across the Asian continent during their annual migration is certainly an amazing way to see nature at work.13．What does the underlined part “this work” in Paragraph 5 most probably refer to? ________A．To fly down.B．To fly back up.C．To fly over the mountain.D．To fly at lower altitudes.14．How do the geese behave while crossing over the Himalayan range? ________A．By flowing at an extremely high altitude all the way.B．By taking advantage of the orographic lift.C．By smoothing the obstacles in their way.D．By forcing the air up, creating an upward draft.15．What’s the main idea of this passage? ________A．The geese’s amazing migration.B．The highest flying record of geese.C．The flying mystery of geese.D．Mount Qomolangma and its geese.第二节（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）第三部分英语知识运用（共两节,满分45分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Keeping Safe in Your House During a FireThought you may not think you’ll ever fall victim to a house fire, it’s better to be prepared to avoid panicking. To increase your chances of survival, just follow these steps.（1）React as soon as you hear your smoke alarm go off. On hearing your smoke detector or alarm going off and seeing a fire, exit your home as safely as possible. （16）（2）Safely exit through doors. If you don’t see smoke at the door, open it slowly and pass through it after making sure the door feels cool. If there is a fire preventing you from exiting the room, close the door.（3）Protect yourself from smoke inhalation（吸入）. Get low to the floor and crouch or crawl on your hands and knees to avoid the smoke. （17）Cover your nose and mouth if you have to walk by or through a heavily23．A．changed B．balanced C．weighed D．supported 24．A．example B．picture C．memory D．call 25．A．and B．but C．in case D．in order 26．A．normal B．hard C．wonderful D．lame 27．A．posting B．polishing C．handwriting D．folding 28．A．made sense of B．come into being C．kept in touch D．got on with 29．A．really B．barely C．still D．also 30．A．immediately B．away C．again D．eventually 31．A．gong through B．breaking through C．breaking away from D．having access to 32．A．dream B．world C．tip D．warning 33．A．mess B．difference C．effect D．effort 34．A．exploration B．expectation C．reply D．greeting 35．A．curious B．confident C．excited D．hopeful 36．A．anyone B．her C．someone D．each other 37．A．greatly B．negatively C．slightly D．simply 38．A．nature B．ambition C．honesty D．goodness 39．A．living B．giving C．desiring D．wasting 40．A．writing B．appreciation C．direction D．protection第Ⅱ卷第四部分写作（共两节,满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词.删除:把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉.修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词.注意:1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2．只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分.When I was a kid, my father and mother were made me join a tennis club in the center of our city. Every day both my parent would take me to club after school. I played tennis, ate snacks and did my homework here. It was basically my second family. A woman whose name was Li Li, my first private coach, was as a mother to us. She not only taught me everything that I know about what to play tennis, but treats me well. She was kind or always trained me with great patient. In my heart, she was the best coach in our city.第二节书面表达（满分25分）52．假如你是李华,在伦敦做交换生,昨天你的室友Tony在校园摔倒后住院.请给校求助中心写封邮件,寻找帮助Tony的中国学生.注意:1．词数100左右2．可适当增加细节,以使行文流畅.3．邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数.Dear Sir/Madam,____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua答案1~5．BDACD 6~10．DCADB 11~15．CDCBA 16~20．BCFGA21~25．DDAAB 26~30．DCCBD 31~35．ABBCC 36~40．CADAB 41．called42．whom43．traditionally44．As45．is believed46．one’s47．lying48．accessible49．universities50．the1．去掉were2．parent改为parents3．club 前加the4．here 改为there5．as改为like6．us改为me7．what改为how8．treats 改为treated9．or改为and10．patient改为patience书面表达Dear Sir/madam,I am Li Hua, an exchange student from China. I am writing to ask you to look for a Chinese student.Yesterday, my roommate Tony was on the way to the classroom when he fell down and could hardly move. Just at that moment, a Chinese girl came to him. She gave him first aid and called an ambulance. Thanks to the kind girl, Tony was sent to hospital in time. But the girl left quietly before Tony could express his thanks. The girl is about 18years old and of medium height with short hair. Tony is eager to meet her to express his sincere thanks. Could you please help find her?Looking forwards to your reply.Yours,Li Hua解析1．B2．D推理判断题. 根据最后一段最后两句We cannot process credit card orders. Please use our order form from amazon. com and include your email address. 可知如果想寻找更多的关于书的信息请登录amazon. com. 故选D．3．A计算题. 根据每本书的价格可知四本书总共是$49, ;再根据Foreign countries add $5per book. 可知他要想买四本书, a Canadian pay应该是$49+$20=$69, 故选A．4．C推理判断题. 根据QUACKERY AND YOU9(庸医和你)中The 32-page softcover brochure with special viewpoints by William Jarvis, Ph. D．, suitable for waiting rooms. $1．适合于候诊室, 可知是为那些等着看病的人准备的. 故选C．5．D细节理解题. 从文章第三段最后可知, 车厢里所有的人都对作者点头微笑, 说明他们理解作者的错误, 对作者的错误很宽容. 故选D．8．A主旨大意题. 综合全文可知, 作者是通过自己的旅行经历来说明不同文化中人们“好客”和“礼貌”的表达方式不一样. 故选A．本文主要是向我们介绍了苏格兰美丽的风景, 尤其是其中的the Inverlochy Castle. 和在Ben Nevi上钓鱼等活动.9．D推理题. 根据第二段的When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light, the rivers, teeming with fish, can turn into streams of gold. As you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of River Orchy, near the Inverlochy Castle, any frustration(烦恼) will float away as gently as the circling water说明是通过描述美丽的景色来组织这一段落的. 故D正确.10．B细节题. 根据第三段5, 6行But it’s not just what goes up matters; what comes down is unique. More than 900 metres high, on the mountain’s north face, lies an all-important source of pure water. 说明这条和最大的特色是它的水. 故B正确.13．C词义猜测题. 根据倒数第三段倒数第二句Instead of remaining at an extremely high altitude to fly over the mountain range, the geese hug the mountains, flying up and down depending on the obstacles (障碍物)in their way. 代替停留在极高的高度飞越高山, 鹅拥抱群山, 他们依赖于飞行过程中的障碍物上下飞行. 再根据倒数第二段第一句The geese also make use of nature to make this work easier. 鹅也利用自然使这项工作更容易. 可知倒数第二段第一句中的划线部分意思应该是“飞过大山”. 故选C．15．A主旨大意题. 根据文章最后一段The way these birds have adapted to flying across the Asian continent during their annual migration is certainly an amazing way to see nature at work. 这些鸟在他们的年度迁移时适应了飞越亚洲大陆的方式, 这当然是一种看到大自然在工作的惊人方式. 可知本文叙述的是鸟类令人惊讶的迁移, 故选A．18．F根据下文:如果你的衣服起火, 立即停止你在做的事, 扔到地上, 滚过去, 直到你把火扑灭. 此空是段首, 根据句意可知选F. Stop, drop, and roll if your clothes catch fire. 如果你的衣服着火了, 就停下来, 扔掉, 滚动. 19．G根据下句:关闭您的门, 并用布或胶带涵盖所有周围的通风口和裂缝, 把烟挡在外面. 可知此空的意思应该是“如果你不能从你家里逃离, 不要惊慌”. 故选G. 122．D考查动词. A．smiled 微笑; B．burst 爆发; C．rejected 拒绝; D．froze冻结, 凝固. 但是当实际上谈到要把信放在邮箱时, 我停下了. 故选D．23．A考查动词. A．changed改变; B．balanced使平衡; C．weighed 称重量; D．supported支持. 这封信是写给一位老师的, 她志愿为我付出的努力改变了我对世界的看法. 故选A．24．A考查名词. A．example 例子; B．picture 图画; C．memory 记忆; D．call电话.我觉得我应该让她知道她的榜样对我的生活有积极的影响. 故选A．25．B考查连词. A．and 和; B．but 但是; C．in case 万一; D．in order按顺序. 我可以轻易地给她发电子邮件, 但是这样一个重要的感谢似乎有点差劲. 从关键词easily和important可以看出此处表示转折, 故选B．28．C考查动词短语. A．made sense of 弄清楚; B．come into being 形成, 产生; C．kept in touch保持联系; D．got on with与---相处. 我们仅仅通过脸谱网评论和偶尔的私人信息保持联系. 故选C．29．B考查副词. A．really 真正地; B．barely几乎不; C．still仍然; D．also也. 我几乎不了解她. 故选B．30. D考查副词. A．immediately立刻, 马上; B．away 离开; C．again 又, 再; D．eventually最后. 我考虑了一会儿, 最后把信放在邮箱里. 故选D．31．A考查动词短语. A．gong through 经历, 度过; B．breaking through突破; C．breaking away from 脱离; D．having access to使用, 接近. 结果证明她正在经历一个磨难时期. 故选A．32．B考查名词. A．dream梦想; B．world 世界; C．tip 小建议; D．warning警告. 她正在经历一个磨难时期, 所以我的信对她来说意味着整个世界. 故选B．33．B考查名词. A．mess 混乱; B．difference 差异, 不同; C．effect影响; D．effort努力. 她说她对别人有如此大的影响. make a difference与众不同, 产生影响, 故选B．34．C考查名词. A．exploration 探究; B．expectation 期待; C．reply依赖; D．greeting问候. 这封信不仅使她更高兴, 而且她的依赖也增加了我的快乐. 故选C．37．A考查副词. A．greatly非常; B．negatively 消极地; C．slightly轻微地; D．simply简单地, 仅仅. 我现在一直这么做了两年了, 它极大地改变了我的生活. 故选A．38．D考查名词. A．nature大自然; B．ambition 雄心; C．honesty 诚实; D．goodness善良. 我更倾向于去寻找他人的优点, 并且更加感激我正过着的美好生活. 故选D．39．A考查动词. A．living生活, 居住; B．giving给; C．desiring 渴望; D．wasting浪费. 我更倾向于去寻找他人的优点, 并且更加感激我正过着的美好生活. 故选A．40. B考查名词. A．writing书写; B．appreciation 鉴别, 欣赏; C．direction 方向; D．protection保护. 培养欣赏是一项伟大的实践技能. 故选B．【名师点睛】46．句意:唤醒了人的真正本性. 用形容词性的物主代词, 根据句意可知填one’s.47．根据后面的sitting, or standing可知此处是并列关系, 故填lying.48．Be动词后面用形容词作表语, 故填accessible.49．句意:被包括在中国大学的课程里. 根据句意可知此处用名词复数, 故填universities.50. 句意:除掉地球的复杂度. 此处表示特指, 故填the.短文改错1．句意:我的父母让我加入了一个网球俱乐部. 此处表示主动, 故去掉were.7．句意:我了解关于怎样打网球. 故把what改为how.8．not only taught ---, but treats--, 根据句意可知是并列关系, 应用一般过去时态, 故把treats 改为treated. 9．句意:她善良并且极大的耐心训练我. 故把or改为and.10．great修饰名词, 故把patient改为patience.Dear Sir/madam,I am Li Hua, an exchange student from China. I am writing to ask you to look for a Chinese student. Yesterday, my roommate Tony was on the way to the classroom when he fell down and could hardly move. Just at that moment, a Chinese girl came to him. She gave him first aid and called an ambulance. Thanks to the kind girl, Tony was sent to hospital in time. But the girl left quietly before Tony could express his thanks. The girl is about 18years old and of medium height with short hair. Tony is eager to meet her to express his sincere thanks. Could you please help find her?Looking forwards to your reply.Yours,Li Hua。

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17. （本题满分 12 分）在 ABC 中，角 A, B , C 的对边分别为 a, b,c ，已知 B 2C ,2 b 3c.
（ 1 ）求 cosC ； （ 2 ）若 c 4 ，求 ABC 的面积 .
18. （本题满分 12 分）
经国务院批复同意，郑州成功入围国家中心城市
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三、解答题：本大题共 6 小题，共 70 分 . 解答应写出必要的文字说明或推理、验算过程
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第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共 90 分）
二、填空题：本大题共 4 小题，每小题 5 分，共 20 分 .
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