18-19 Module 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar——名词性从句

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Section ⅢGrammar——名词性从句

[语境自主领悟]

名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

考点一名词性从句的引导词

引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类:

1.连词:that,whether,if

2.连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which 3.连接副词:when,where,how,why

That she became an artist was due to her father's influence.

她成为画家是受了她父亲的影响。

What we will do tomorrow depends on the weather.

明天我们做什么得看天气。

When we arrive doesn't matter.

我们什么时候到无关紧要。

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.

它是否对我们有害还有待观察。

[名师点津]

(1)名词性从句中用陈述语序;

(2)连词that,whether,if在句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分;

(3)连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分。

[即时演练1]用适当的连接词填空

①The village is where I was born.

②Whoever comes to the party will be welcome.

③What he said made me excited.

考点二主语从句

1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been announced.

还没有宣布英语晚会将在哪里举行。

2.主语从句可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。

It's a pity that he can't attend the meeting.

他不能参加会议,真是遗憾。

It is possible that he may not be able to come.

他可能不能来了。

It is said that she failed the exam.

据说她考试不及格。

[即时演练2]用适当的连接词填空

①What we actually need now is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.

②Whether it is true remains a question.

③Has it been announced when the plane are to take off?

④It is certain that she will do well in the exam.

考点三宾语从句

宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语,另外,某些作表语的形容词,如sure,certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。

1.由连词that引导的宾语从句

that引导表示陈述的宾语从句。连词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但在以下情况中不能省略:

(1)当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。

The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents.

老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业,并且作业必须由家长签名。

(2)当it作形式宾语时。

She made it clear that it had nothing to do with her.

她表明这件事和她没有任何关系。

[名师点津]

在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“(should +)动词原形”。

I insist that she(should)do her work alone.

我坚持要她自己工作。

2.who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等连接代词、连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于由特殊疑问句转化而来,但应注意句子要用陈述语序。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡是需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。

3.if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句

用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述语序。whether与if在作“是否”讲时,在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:

(1)引导主语从句并在句首时;

(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时;

(3)引导从句作介词宾语时;

(4)后紧跟“or not”时;

(5)后接动词不定式时。

Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

I wonder whether or not he will come.

我想知道他来还是不来。

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?

你能告诉我是去还是留吗?

4.宾语从句中的时态与主句时态的呼应

当主句动词是现在时时,从句应根据具体情况使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时(could,would除外)时,从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等;但当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象,则从句仍用一般现在时。

The teacher told us that Tom had left for America.老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开,去美国了。

The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。

5.否定转移

当think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词的主语为第一人称,且本身为一般现在时时其后的宾语从句的否定词通常转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。

I don't believe he'll come.我想他是不会来的。

6.可以用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

(1)动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的