Developing College Students' English Speaking Skills in Chinese Context

  • 格式:pdf
  • 大小:199.89 KB
  • 文档页数:2

科技信息 人文社科 

都发生在那些地方。孙致礼不仅把地名译出来,而且还在注释里说明那 些地方之所以著名的原因。这样的注释引起了读者了解英国的过去与 现在的兴趣。 例4 Mr.Hurst and Mr.Bingley were at piguet.and Mrs.Hurst was ob— serving their game. (Austen,1991:52) 赫斯特先生和宾利先生在打皮克牌 ,赫斯特夫人在一旁看他们 打。 ①皮克牌:供两人对玩的一种牌戏,一般只用七以上的三十二张 牌。 (孙致礼,2000:45) 例5 Then turning to Mr.Bennet.he offered himself as his antagonist at backgammon.(Austen,1991:52) 他说罢转向贝内特先生,要求跟他玩十五子棋①。 ①十五子棋:二人对玩的一种棋,双方各持十五子,掷骰子行棋。 (孙致礼,2Ooo:67) 通过孙致礼的注释,读者获得更多关于十八世纪英国社会的背景 知识。在十八世纪的英国,上层社会生活富足,但生活无聊。为了打发时 间,各种各样的棋牌是他们主要的娱乐项目。而且他们通过在这些项目 上进行打赌来填补空虚的生活。 通过对以上翻译补偿例子的分析我们不难看出文化与翻译的密切 关系。正是因为文化的差异导致了信息的缺失,而译者必须通过各种手 段来补偿丢失了的信息。奈达指出:“就真正成功的翻译而言,双文化 (biculturalism)甚至比双语(bilingualism)能力更为重要,因为词语只有 在与其发挥作用的文化关联中才具有意义。”(Nida,1993:110)刘重德 弹道这个问题时指出:“明确了文化与语言相互依存的关系,也就明确 了文化与翻译的密切关系。翻译之所以不像许多人想象的那么容易,乃 是因为语言反映文化并受着文化的制约。”(刘重德,1994:69)孙致礼是 杰出的英美文学翻译家,从以上的翻译补偿例子我们可以看出他深厚 的英美文化功底。 5.总结 翻译是跨语言行为,也是跨文化行为。一篇优秀的译文,不仅用语 准确,充分表达愿意,还能表现原文的文化。而世界文化的总体构成是 多元的,东方文化与西方文化的各方面都有着显著的区别。如著名翻译 家傅雷所说的“两国文字词类的不同,句法构造的不同,文法与习惯的 不同,修辞格律的不同,俗语的不同,即反映民族思想方式的不同,感觉 深浅的不同,观点角度的不同,风俗传统的不同,社会背景的不同,表现 方法的不同”等等(陈伟丰:《谈傅雷的翻译》,《翻译通讯》,1983(5),转 引自彭祺,《损失、补偿与重建——典籍英译过程中对文化的处理》,《翻 译研究》,2007:155)。在翻译过程中,有时尽管能译出字面意义,却难免 会有或多或少的信息丢失。有译者便提出了文化补偿的概念,也有专家 对不同的补偿方法进行了探索。如在《翻译补偿法初探》一文中,王恩冕 先生概括总结了六种常用的补偿方法,即:增词法、引申法、拆译法、溶 合法、替代法和转移法(王恩冕,《翻译补偿法初探》,《中国翻译》,1988: 24,转引自彭祺,《损失、补偿与重建——典籍英译过程中对文化的处 理》,《翻译研究》,2007:155)。为了确实达到文化交流的目的,译者因根 据原文特点,采用适当的补偿手段,忠实地传达原诗中的文化特色,从 各个方面追求与原文的对等,对翻译过程中造成的文化损失予以补偿。 在翻译补偿方面的不断探索一定会带领译品质量的不断提高。 参考文献 [1]胡庚申.《翻译与跨文化交流:整合与创新第二届海峡“两岸四 地”翻译与跨文化交流研讨会论文集》上海:上海外语教育出版社,2009 [2][英]杰里米-芒迪.《翻译学导论——理论与实践》.北京:商务印 书馆,2007:229—237 [3][英国]简・奥斯丁著,孙致礼译.《傲慢与偏见》.南京:译林出版 社.2001 [4]刘重德.《文学翻译十讲》.中国对外翻译出版公司,1991 [5]彭祺《损失、补偿与重建——典籍英译过程中对文化的处理》. 河北:河北大学出版社,《翻译研究》,2007:152—164 [6]夏延德.《翻译补偿研究》.湖北:湖北教育出版社,2006 l7jGeorge Steiner,After Babel,Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001 l 8]Jeremy Munday Introducing Translation Studies,Theories and Apphcations.London and New York,2001 [9 Jane Austen,Pride and Prejudice.牛津大学出版社,外语教学与研 究出版社,1991年二月第1版 l 10 JNida Eugene,Language,Culture,and Translafng,Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1993 (上接第176页) group have first to communicate with each other and then the spokespersons for all the groups have to collaborate in the solution of the problem.Each group,so to speak,represents one piece of the jigsaw puz— zle. 2.3.4 Problem solving Some activities are designed to present students with problems,riddles, or puzzles that arouse their curiosity.To find the solution,pairs,groups,or the class as a whole are asked t0 think and talk ahout the problem.This kind of task involves use of the target language with a focus on the problem rather than on the language.and this is precisely why some teachers have f0und it a useful communicative activity. 2.3.5Informal talk tasks The main interest of Role—play and drama techniques lies in the global use oflanguage in 1ifelike situations.In many cases,these techniques approx— imate real—・life language use to a remarkable degree.The settings that can be imagined and simulated and the specific situations that Call be described pro— vide a context and a stimulus for realistic language use.The advantage of role—play lies in the fact that the use of language in a dramatic situation is likely to include the full complexity of language use:emotional overtones,pos— ture.gesture.and appropriate actions.The more dosely the learner can iden— tify with the role or task the more it provides a natural language experience. 2.3.6 Role—play and drama techniques A final way of widening the communicative possibilities of the language class is by role—play.scenarios and other drama techniques.The main inter— est of these techniques 1ies jn the global use of language in lifelike situations, In many cases,these techniques approximate real—life language use to a re— markable degree.The settings that can be imagined and simulated and the specific situations that can be described provide a context and a stimulus for realistic langnage use.The advantage of role—play lies in t he faet that the use of language in a dramatic situation is likely to include the full complexity of language use:emotional overtones,posture,gesture,and appropriate actions- The more closely the learner can identity with the role or task the more it pro— vides a natural language experience.We can now sum up the teaching model asthefigure shows. 3.COlielusion This paper has attempted to establish a useful way to improve college students’0ra1 English.Various reasons have been presented in the very be— ginning.Firstly.it is the requirement of modern society.W the development of science and technology,information is being greatly emphasized,and con— munication becomes a very significant part of our life.From the features of spoken language this paper has concluded.spoken language as a means of modelql communication is getting more and more important.Our country,an— der the rapid development of economic construction and intemational cooper- ation,is urgently requiring a large number of advanced interpreters of various kinds.Most importantly.the learners’needs and desires have been listed, which suggested that diferent factors in a classrom situation may affect a learner’s affeetive filter.However,the features of the traditional classroom have indicated there are a great number of deficiencies that can not suit the re— quirement of modem society,and not meet the needs of learners.A new teach- ins modeI has been introduced,which aims at taking more authentic and e伍一 cient measures to have some resolutions in the traditional classrom. References [1]Claire Krasmasch.Context and Culture in Language Teaching. Oxford:Oxford Unive ̄iW Press,1993 [2]Clemeut,Reta1.Motivation,SeIf--confidence and Group Cohesion in the Foreign Language Classroom.Language Learning,1994 [3]H H.stern Issues and Options in Language Teaching:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2000 [4]Jeremy Harmer.How to teach En sh.Beijing Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2002 5 Littlewood,W.Foreign and Second Language Learning:language Acquisition Research and Its Implications for the Classroom.Cambridge U— niversity Press,2004 [6]Widdowson,H.G Aspects of Language Teaching.Oxford:Oxford University Press,