Registration of High Angular Resolution Diffusion MRI Images Using 4 th Order Tensors
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RegistrationofHighAngularResolution
DiffusionMRIImagesUsing4thOrderTensors
AngelosBarmpoutis,BabaC.Vemuri,andJohnR.Forder
UniversityofFlorida,GainesvilleFL32611,USA{abarmpou,vemuri}@cise.ufl.edu,jforder@mbi.ufl.edu
Abstract.RegistrationofDiffusionWeighted(DW)-MRIdatasetshasbeencommonlyachievedtodateinliteraturebyusingeitherscalaror2nd-ordertensorialinformation.However,scalaror2nd-ordertensorsfailtocapturecomplexlocaltissuestructures,suchasfibercrossings,andtherefore,datasetscontainingfiber-crossingscannotberegisteredaccu-ratelybyusingthesetechniques.Inthispaperwepresentanovelmethodfornon-rigidlyregisteringDW-MRIdatasetsthatarerepresentedbyafieldof4th-ordertensors.WeusetheHellingerdistancebetweenthenormalized4th-ordertensorsrepresentedasdistributions,inordertoachievethisregistration.Hellingerdistanceiseasytocompute,isscaleandrotationinvariantandhenceallowsforcomparisonofthetrueshapeofdistributions.Furthermore,weproposeanovel4th-ordertensorre-transformationoperator,whichplaysanessentialroleintheregistrationprocedureandshowssignificantlybetterperformancecomparedtothere-orientationoperatorusedinliteratureforDTIregistration.Weval-idateandcompareourtechniquewithotherexistingscalarimageandDTIregistrationmethodsusingsimulateddiffusionMRdataandrealHARDIdatasets.
1Introduction
Inmedicalimaging,duringthelastdecade,ithasbecomepossibletocollect
magneticresonanceimage(MRI)datathatmeasurestheapparentdiffusivityof
waterintissueinvivo.A2ndordertensorhascommonlybeenusedtoapprox-imatethediffusivityprofileateachimagelatticepointinaDW-MRI[4].The
approximateddiffusivityfunctionisgivenby
d(g)=gTDg(1)
whereg=[g1g2g3]TisthemagneticfieldgradientdirectionandDisthe
estimated2nd-ordertensor.
RegistrationofDW-MRIdatasetsbyusing2nd-ordertensorshasbeenpro-
posedbyAlexanderetal.[2].Inthisworkatensorre-orientationoperationwas
ThisresearchwasinpartsupportedbyRO1EB007082andNS42075toBCVandthedatacollectionwasinpartsupportedbythegrantsR01NS36992andP41RR16105.WethankDr.StephenBlackbandforsupportingthedatacollectionandDr.Shepherdforcollectingthedata.
N.Ayache,S.Ourselin,A.Maeder(Eds.):MICCAI2007,PartI,LNCS4791,pp.908–915,2007.cSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2007RegistrationofHighAngularResolutionDiffusionMRIImages909
proposedasasignificantpartofthediffusiontensorfieldtransformationproce-
dure.Aframeworkfornon-rigidregistrationofmulti-modalmedicalimageswasproposedin[12].Thistechniqueperformsregistrationbasedonextractionof
highlystructuredfeaturesfromthedatasetsanditwasappliedtotensorfields.
RegistrationofDTIusingquantitieswhichareinvarianttorigidtransformations
andcomputedfromthediffusiontensorswasproposedin[7].Byregisteringthe
rigid-tranformationinvariantmaps,oneavoidsthere-orientationstepandthus
canreducethetimecomplexity.Thelocallyaffinemulti-resolutionscalarimage
registrationproposedin[8]wasextendedtoDTIimagesin[17].Inthismethod
theimagedomainoftheimagebeingregisteredissubdivided(usingamulti-
resolutionframework)intosmallerregions,andeachregionisregisteredusing
affinetransformation.Theaffinetransformationisparametrizedusingatrans-
formationvector,arotation,andanSPDmatrix.Byusingthisparametrization
onecanavoidthepolardecompositionstepwhichisrequiredinordertoextract
therotationcomponentforre-orientationpurposes.
AlltheabovemethodsperformregistrationofDW-MRIdatasetsbasedon
scalarimagesor2nd-ordertensorialapproximationsofthelocaldiffusivity.This
approximationfailstorepresentcomplexlocaltissuestructures,suchasfiber
crossings,andthereforeDTIregistrationofdatasetcontainingsuchcrossings
leadstoinaccuratetransformationsofthelocaltissuestructures.
InthispaperwepresentanovelregistrationmethodforDW-MRIdatasets
representedbyafieldof4th-ordertensors.WeproposetousetheHellingerdis-
tancemeasurebetween4th-ordertensorsrepresentedbyangulardistributions
(correspondingtothenormalizedcoefficientsofthesetensors),andemployitin
theregistrationprocedure.Hellingerdistanceisverycommonlyusedincommu-
nicationnetworksandalsoindensityestimationtechniquesasitisquiterobust
andhasattractiveasymptotics[5].Fromourpointofview,thisdistanceiseasy
tocomputeandisscaleandrotationinvariant,thusallowingfortrueshape
comparison[9].Anotherkeycontributionofourworkisthehigher-ordertensor
re-transformationoperation,whichisappliedinourregistrationalgorithm.We
validateourframeworkandcompareitwithexistingtechniquesusingsimulated
MRandrealdatasets.
2Registrationof4th-OrderTensorFields
Thissectionisorganizedasfollows:First,in2.1webrieflyreviewtheformulation
of4th-ordertensorsinDW-MRI.Then,insection2.2wedefinetheHellinger
distancebetween4th-ordertensorsrepresentedbyangulardistributions,which
willbeemployedinsection2.3forregistrationof4th-ordertensorfields.
2.14th-OrderSymmetricPositiveTensorsfromDW-MRI