Registration of High Angular Resolution Diffusion MRI Images Using 4 th Order Tensors

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RegistrationofHighAngularResolution

DiffusionMRIImagesUsing4thOrderTensors󰀟

AngelosBarmpoutis,BabaC.Vemuri,andJohnR.Forder

UniversityofFlorida,GainesvilleFL32611,USA{abarmpou,vemuri}@cise.ufl.edu,jforder@mbi.ufl.edu

Abstract.RegistrationofDiffusionWeighted(DW)-MRIdatasetshasbeencommonlyachievedtodateinliteraturebyusingeitherscalaror2nd-ordertensorialinformation.However,scalaror2nd-ordertensorsfailtocapturecomplexlocaltissuestructures,suchasfibercrossings,andtherefore,datasetscontainingfiber-crossingscannotberegisteredaccu-ratelybyusingthesetechniques.Inthispaperwepresentanovelmethodfornon-rigidlyregisteringDW-MRIdatasetsthatarerepresentedbyafieldof4th-ordertensors.WeusetheHellingerdistancebetweenthenormalized4th-ordertensorsrepresentedasdistributions,inordertoachievethisregistration.Hellingerdistanceiseasytocompute,isscaleandrotationinvariantandhenceallowsforcomparisonofthetrueshapeofdistributions.Furthermore,weproposeanovel4th-ordertensorre-transformationoperator,whichplaysanessentialroleintheregistrationprocedureandshowssignificantlybetterperformancecomparedtothere-orientationoperatorusedinliteratureforDTIregistration.Weval-idateandcompareourtechniquewithotherexistingscalarimageandDTIregistrationmethodsusingsimulateddiffusionMRdataandrealHARDIdatasets.

1Introduction

Inmedicalimaging,duringthelastdecade,ithasbecomepossibletocollect

magneticresonanceimage(MRI)datathatmeasurestheapparentdiffusivityof

waterintissueinvivo.A2ndordertensorhascommonlybeenusedtoapprox-imatethediffusivityprofileateachimagelatticepointinaDW-MRI[4].The

approximateddiffusivityfunctionisgivenby

d(g)=gTDg(1)

whereg=[g1g2g3]TisthemagneticfieldgradientdirectionandDisthe

estimated2nd-ordertensor.

RegistrationofDW-MRIdatasetsbyusing2nd-ordertensorshasbeenpro-

posedbyAlexanderetal.[2].Inthisworkatensorre-orientationoperationwas

󰀟ThisresearchwasinpartsupportedbyRO1EB007082andNS42075toBCVandthedatacollectionwasinpartsupportedbythegrantsR01NS36992andP41RR16105.WethankDr.StephenBlackbandforsupportingthedatacollectionandDr.Shepherdforcollectingthedata.

N.Ayache,S.Ourselin,A.Maeder(Eds.):MICCAI2007,PartI,LNCS4791,pp.908–915,2007.c󰀁Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2007RegistrationofHighAngularResolutionDiffusionMRIImages909

proposedasasignificantpartofthediffusiontensorfieldtransformationproce-

dure.Aframeworkfornon-rigidregistrationofmulti-modalmedicalimageswasproposedin[12].Thistechniqueperformsregistrationbasedonextractionof

highlystructuredfeaturesfromthedatasetsanditwasappliedtotensorfields.

RegistrationofDTIusingquantitieswhichareinvarianttorigidtransformations

andcomputedfromthediffusiontensorswasproposedin[7].Byregisteringthe

rigid-tranformationinvariantmaps,oneavoidsthere-orientationstepandthus

canreducethetimecomplexity.Thelocallyaffinemulti-resolutionscalarimage

registrationproposedin[8]wasextendedtoDTIimagesin[17].Inthismethod

theimagedomainoftheimagebeingregisteredissubdivided(usingamulti-

resolutionframework)intosmallerregions,andeachregionisregisteredusing

affinetransformation.Theaffinetransformationisparametrizedusingatrans-

formationvector,arotation,andanSPDmatrix.Byusingthisparametrization

onecanavoidthepolardecompositionstepwhichisrequiredinordertoextract

therotationcomponentforre-orientationpurposes.

AlltheabovemethodsperformregistrationofDW-MRIdatasetsbasedon

scalarimagesor2nd-ordertensorialapproximationsofthelocaldiffusivity.This

approximationfailstorepresentcomplexlocaltissuestructures,suchasfiber

crossings,andthereforeDTIregistrationofdatasetcontainingsuchcrossings

leadstoinaccuratetransformationsofthelocaltissuestructures.

InthispaperwepresentanovelregistrationmethodforDW-MRIdatasets

representedbyafieldof4th-ordertensors.WeproposetousetheHellingerdis-

tancemeasurebetween4th-ordertensorsrepresentedbyangulardistributions

(correspondingtothenormalizedcoefficientsofthesetensors),andemployitin

theregistrationprocedure.Hellingerdistanceisverycommonlyusedincommu-

nicationnetworksandalsoindensityestimationtechniquesasitisquiterobust

andhasattractiveasymptotics[5].Fromourpointofview,thisdistanceiseasy

tocomputeandisscaleandrotationinvariant,thusallowingfortrueshape

comparison[9].Anotherkeycontributionofourworkisthehigher-ordertensor

re-transformationoperation,whichisappliedinourregistrationalgorithm.We

validateourframeworkandcompareitwithexistingtechniquesusingsimulated

MRandrealdatasets.

2Registrationof4th-OrderTensorFields

Thissectionisorganizedasfollows:First,in2.1webrieflyreviewtheformulation

of4th-ordertensorsinDW-MRI.Then,insection2.2wedefinetheHellinger

distancebetween4th-ordertensorsrepresentedbyangulardistributions,which

willbeemployedinsection2.3forregistrationof4th-ordertensorfields.

2.14th-OrderSymmetricPositiveTensorsfromDW-MRI