新编大学英语4（浙大版）课后习题答案
Unit1
1. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer
2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D
3) A tempting B temptation C tempt
4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason
5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis
6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values
7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless
8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood
2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority
4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice
7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction
10) a sense of urgency
3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments
4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement
7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint
9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance
4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed
7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice
13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble
Unit2
Step One
Column A
Column B
The Compound Words created
through
day
throughout
up
man
upbeat, uplift
draw
eared
drawback
teen
ready
teenage
hand
conscious
handout, handwritten
birth
back
birthday, birthstone
chair
distance
chairman
rag
beat
rag-eared
ever
lift
ever-ready
over
age
overdue, overage
long
due
long-distance, long-eared
self
stone
self-conscious
mile
out
mileage, milestone
type
wishing
typewriter, typewritten
well
Writer/written
well-wishing, well-written
Step Two
1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter
6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared
11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage
3. 1) thrives
2) strategy
3) annual
4) deserve
5) spontaneous
6) sincere
7) investments
8) enterprise
9) follow up
10) characterized
11) lingered
12) acknowledged
4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C
tough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A
6. 1) searched
2) clever
3) solution
4) wasted
5) tolerate
6) hidden
7) dumb
8) subject
9) noise
10) extra
11) purchased
12) replaced
13) appreciation
14) hurried
15) warrant
16) strange
Unit 3
Understanding the Organization of the Text
(1) Introduction (para 1)
It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, and
interests that constitute b
eing masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity
and culture.
(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)
Supporting evidence
A. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)
i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.
ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes
and go on to higher achievement.
iii) Two examples:
a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were taking over the class-
room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.
b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law
and medical school classrooms in recent years.
B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles.
(para. 3)
i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in
class.
ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the
girls were given the task of putting the materials away.
C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’ assumption.
(para 4)
i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math and
science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.
ii) Three examples:
a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in
math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.
b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop
reading problems.
c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do
equally well in reading.
(3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)
A. Supporting evidence:
i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than
girl preschoolers.
ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while
girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be
approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.
B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls
are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form
and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in their
answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.
C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking
hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional
and expected mold.
Vocabulary
1. 1) genetic
2) assign
3) noticeably
4) approved
5) Bias
6) deprived
7) constituted
8) participation
9) unintentional
10) postgraduate
2.conscious- unconscious
encourage- discourage
directly- indirectly
sexist – nonsexist
dependent- independent
positive – negative
superior - inferior
biased – fair
limited – unlimited
appropriately- inappropriately
3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B
4. 1) turn out
2) carry over
3) calling on
4) put away
5) fallen behind
6) take over
Unit 4 Creativity
Word Building (P 141)
1. confuse
A. I was confused in…
B. There seems to be some confusion …
2. intelligent
A. have a low intelligence
B. intelligent
3. humor
A. A humorous thing
B. people lacking in humor
4. strategy
A. improve his strategy
B. … is of great strategic importance
5. motivate
A. students who are well motivated and happy in their leaning
B. His motivation was so strong that…
6. combine
A. a combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep in class.
B. Sickness, combined with bad weather, made our trip impossible
7. create
A. the creation of a new exam system
B. the most creative writer
8. pursue
A. In pursuit of…
B. She is pursuing her studies
9. multiply
A. learning multiplication
B. if you multiple four by tree…
10. employ
A. He was healthy but he did not know how to employ (使用;应用)his energy
B. the employment of modern machinery
Filling the blanks (P 142):
1) Is just a working model; we haven’t perfected it yet.
2) We need to find the best way of approaching the problem.
3) Which do you value more, wealth and health.
4) You’ll soon learn how the office functions (=work运作)
5) …adopt a different approach (采用不同方法)
6) The car… is in almost perfect condition.
7) Children should honor (尊敬) their father and mother.
8) The main function(功能) of the kidneys is to purity the blood.
9) It’s an honor to be asked to speak at this meeting.
10) For them, the main value of the house lay in its quiet location.
Filling the blanks (p 143)
1) We should not dismiss these ideas just because they are unfamiliar.
2) Pain and illness are thought to be the unavoidable consequences (后果)
3) The government is committed to (致力;投入) promoting the development
and use of public transportation.
4) The restriction no longer applies to him because he’s over 18.
5) …are vital /very important to…
6) His ideas were scorned (轻蔑;鄙视) by many American psychologists.
7) Internet connections through conventional (平常的; 惯常的) hone lines are fairly slow.
8) I have to buy a wedding present and I want to find something really ori
ginal (新颖的; 独创
的)
Filling the blanks(p 143)
1) consciously
2) innovative solutions
3) unconsciously
4) consciously
5) Imagination
6) Are not aware how…
7) in control of
8) Your future is created by your thoughts…
9) Your present no longer has to be an extension (延伸;延续) of your past.
10) A powerful technique
11) You are vulnerable(脆弱的;易受伤的) to others.
12) …so your life is unfolding (展开) that way
13) Joyful, creative, exciting experience.
14) You…have everything to gain.
15) Apply creative living to every area of your life.
Unit5
Understanding the organization of the text
1) Introduction (para. 1)
Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good or
bad ones.
2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)
The author’s arguments:
A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model while
accepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete.
(para. 2)
B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)
C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)
a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.
b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.
c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.
D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parents
try to teach their children. (para. 5)
3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be role
modes. (para. 6-7)
A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.
Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside Jesus
Christ. (para. 6)
B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.
Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.
2. Ever since I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywhere
without being the center of attention and I can’t even buy a
motorcycle I really want. (para. 7)
4) Conclusion (para 8-9)
The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.
A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to try
to be good.
B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.
C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.
Vocabulary
2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far
4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to
8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it
3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlived
Unit 6 Risks
1. Vocabulary (p 223)
a. sensible advice
b. relative advantages
c. the mechanism that worked the alarm
d. … requires ski
ll
e. eliminate all the errors
f. a plane crash
2. Filling the blanks (p 223)
1) The true character of many risks is quite different from what we might have imagined.
2) We end up preparing ourselves for the impossible risk
3) Rarely do we learn the risk level
4) Such a casual attitude towards the risk level certainly sells newspapers.
5) because virtually (几乎) everything is risky (adj.)
6) There are all manner of risks (n.) in our daily life.
7) People should inform themselves not only about what is risky, but also what the level of the risk is …
8) Because ignoring the risk level makes sensible risk management impossible.
9) Unless someone can definitely tell you what level of risk is associated with a particular activity, do as you wish.
3. Translation (p 223-224)
1) On the strength of (基于)those grades, he won the scholarship to Syracuse University.
2) The market has all manner of (各种各样) interesting things for sale.
3) /Faith does not feed on (由…滋润) then air but on facts.
4) The teacher told the girl to reduce an equation to (简化) its simplest form.
5) Keep on doing that and you’ll end up (最后以…为结局) in serious trouble
6) The environmental problems are often associated with (和…有关系) nuclear waste.
7) Today we are doing to focus on (把重点放…) the question of homeless people
8) For assistance, they turned to (向…求助) one of the city’s most innovative museums.
9) Everyone is the class is expected to participate actively in (参加) these discussions.
10) The Southern Weekend identified at least two village officials said to be involved in
(卷入).
Unit 7 College Life
1. opposite meanings (p 266)
belief – doubt dependent – independent
deep – shallow mediocre – excellent
learn – unlearn useless – useful
shame – pride well-informed -- ill-informed
polite – impolite smart – dull
inadequate – adequate painful – painless
success – failure imaginative – unimaginative
boring – interesting
2/ Filling the blanks:
1) ……if she is deprived of adequate sleep
2) John and Mary stayed together only for the sake of the children
3) ……get away from the taxes
4) He dropped out high school
5) This is by no means the first time you have been late.
6) ……It is time we got down to business.
7) ……I cannot distinguish one speaker from another.
8) I like to look back on my high school days…
9) We could tell that Robert had gone through a very difficult time.
10) She shouldn’t be working so hard. She is 70, after all.
11) I didn’t enjoy marking those papers and I was glad to be rid of them.
12) I’d rather not go to the dance on my own. I do wish you’d co
me with me.
3.
1）choice 2）secure 3） hear 4） who 5）keep
6）while 7）now 8）This 9）pressure 10）expecting
11）tests 12）within 13）had 14）catch 15）marks
16）patents 17） obtain/get 18）teachers 19） relax 20） shape
Unit 8 Time
Word combination p 309
1. Spend time doing sth.
2. Waste time =lose time
3. Take one’s time = do sth. at a moderate pace
4. kill time
5. save time
6. pass the time
即：C E B D A F
Word building P 309
2. relearn再学习
regain收回，重新获得
redo 重做，再做
rewrite重写，改写
rearrange重新整理
reclaim要求归还，收回
remodel重新塑造，改变
replace取代
rephrase重新措辞
rejoin 再结合，在加入
reform 改革
readjust 重新调整
reunited（使）再结合
rebroadcast 转播，重播
reread 再读
review 复习
3.words with similar meaning：
1） sense his guest were bored = felt
2) dismiss the idea \= ignore, disregard
3） emerge from = appear
4） perceive a change = notice
5） recall ever meeting her = remember ever meeting her
6） accelerate the growth of crops = speed up
7） have the dress altered = have the dress changed
8） external pressures = outside pressures
9） recognized = realize
10） the usual symptoms of flu = sign
即： B A D A D C A A A B
UNIT 9
1.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
invention invent
available Avail
Innovation Innovate
Adaptable Adapt
Discovery Discover
Acceptance Accept
Evolution Evolve
Objectivity Objective
Observation Observe
Experimentation Experiment
Prosperity Prosper
disastrous disaster
1) observation 2) available
3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation
6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity
2.
1) out of the ordinary
2) preceded
解释：precede sb. as… 在某人之前任职
succeed sb. as… 继某人之后任职
3) To be exact
4) Contradict(ed) (与…矛盾)
5) Prosperity (繁荣)
6) Gave birth to
(产生= result in; give rise to…)
7) Catch our breath
8) had in mind
(what is desirable理想中的)
9) proposed
10) converted (= change)
11) disastrous(a.灾害性的)
12) negative
解释： 1) the fact 后接that构成同位语从句，类似名词从句，通常做主语、宾语、表语等， 在此
翻译为：他呼吸困难这种状况不是好征兆。
2) have difficulty doing sth. breathing 呼吸
3) negative : 消极的 负面的
3. 1) She had hardly sat down
2) Especially if/ when you want to reserve a seat
3) is not necessarily the most useful
4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind
5) There’s a limit on the time
6) Spend part of his childhood
7) three times as many girls as boys
8) as do most of the people who live in this village
9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere
10) Depite/ In spite of international pressure
Unit 10 Satire in Literature
Vocabulary (p 223)
1．bring about bring back bring back bring in bring up
A. bring down the government 推翻；削减
B．Harsh anti-trade Union laws were brought in the early 1980s. 引进
C．Few politicians are in favor of bringing back the death penalty. 恢复
D. The only way they can bring about political change is by putting pressure on the country. 带来；造成
E. He brought up a subject rarely raised during the course of this campaign. 提出
2. go about go around do by do down go off
A. Going by (遵循)what he said, we should be there by mid-afternoon.
B This neighborhood has really gone down (败落)in the last few years.
C The whole conference went off (进行;进展) just as we had planned.
D. I want to learn German but I don’t know the best was to go about (着手做) it.
E. There is a story going around (流传) the office that you’re thinking of leaving.
3. make for make of make our make up make up for
A. I don’t know what to make of (了解;明白) our new teachers.
B She doesn’t have a natural talent but she make up for (将勤补拙) it with hard work.
C. For Halloween, the children made up (编造；虚构) stories about wolves and switches.
D. He rose from his seat and made for (走向) the door.
E. I heard the voices, but couldn’t make out (辨认；领悟；理解) what they were saying.
4. Think better of think badly of thing highly of
Think nothing of think twice of
A. Those guys thought nothing of (不想;不考虑) changing rules in the middle of the game.
B. A previous divorce can make you think twice about (重新考虑) married again.
C. He started to say something , but then thought better of (再考虑不周一下) it.
D. Most of the women were college graduates, thought highly of (对某人高度评价)
Smith ,and were pleased that this stranger was so smart.
E. I could easily go in and request part-time work, and no one would think badly of (对某
人评价欠佳) me
5. by/from all accounts on account of on no account
On this/that account take account of /take/take sth. into account
A. I studied her carefully on account of my special relationship with her son,
Sylvester.
B. On no account should the soldiers be blamed for what happened.
句首有否定词类的,后面的行为动词要部分倒装.
C. She was divorced, and on that accou
nt alone (就因为这个原因), my mother disliked her.
D. Urban planners in practice have to take into account of (考虑) many interest groups
in society.
E. She was, by /from all accounts (据说) an accomplished, entertaining and witty story
teller.
2． 近义词 P 392
1) illustrious – distinguished 杰出的
2) temporal - chronological 时间的; 时间顺序的
3) gravely – seriously 沉重的; 严肃的
4) universal – general 普遍的
5) fumble – mishandle 确笨拙触碰
6) straggly – untidy 不整洁
7) brogue – accent
8) boards – stage
9) commentary –review 评论; 注叙
10) wring – squeeze 拧扭; 绞(毛斤等)
11) indignantly – angrily
12) disregard = ignore 不理睬; 忽视
13) immortal – eternal 永久的; 永恒的
3 Vocabulary in a passage: (p 393)
1) they were married
2) five and a half months later
3) They separated in 1970 and their divorce became
4) effective on…. Iassc
5) first met Jane Opal Jeppson when he
6) signed an autograph for her… He was
7) suffering badly from a kidney stone at the time,
8) which gave her the impression that he was unpleasant. He later
9)claimed to (声称) have no recollection (回忆) of that first
10) encounter (不期而遇) They next met on May 1 1959m when Janet
11) attended a mystery writers’ banquet …
12)seated with Issac. That time the mutual
13) attraction was immediate. When Isaac and Gertrude
14) finally separated in 1970, he moved in with Janet
15) almost at once, and whey were married at Janet’s home
16)by an official of the Ethical Culture Soiety on November 30.1973…