新编大学英语3原文

第一单元 羞怯的痛苦1 对许多人来说 羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。

各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。

羞怯的人会焦虑不安 感到不自然 也就是说 他们显而易见地关注自己的外表和举止。

脑海中不断地盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法: 我给人留下的是什么印象 他们喜欢我吗 我讲话是不是傻里傻气 我长得难看。

我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。

2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人们产生不利的影响。

一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中 而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。

通常 人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。

例如 具有积极的自我价值观或很强的自尊心的人往往表现自信。

由于自信 他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励使自己感觉良好。

自信者热情地自发地投身生活。

他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。

有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害 他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。

相反 他们认为批评是一种要他们改进的建议。

3 相比之下 羞怯的人自尊心较弱 往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。

他们(是否)在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。

害羞的人对批评非常敏感 他们觉得批评却好证实了他们比别人差。

他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴 因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。

羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞 “你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。

我知道这不是真的。

”显然 尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质 过分的自我意识却是不利的、有害的。

4 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢 幸运的是 人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。

由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的 因此正视自己的优点还有弱点非常重要。

例如 大多数人希望每门功课都得A。

如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难 就把自己列为差生 这不恰如其分。

人们对自己的期望必须与现实相符。

老是想那些不可能的事情会觉得自己能力差 甚至产生嫉妒。

当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时 我们正在自我毁灭。

Listen 1Every culture has its own way of saying things, its own special expressions. These are the living speech of a people. The "soap" expressions in English are just one example.Soap operas are radio and television plays about the problems and emotions in human relationships. They are called soap operas because the first programs—years ago—were paid for by soap-making companies.Like musical operas, soap operas are not about real people. And critics charge that they do not represent a balanced picture of real life. They note that almost everyone in a soap opera has a serious emotional problem, or is guilty of a crime. And there are several crises in every program.Yet, soap opera fans do not care about what the critics say. They love the programs and watch them every day.Such loyalty has made soap operas very popular in the United States. In fact, a few programs are so popular that they have been produced with the same actors for many years.Another expression that uses the word "soap" is "soap box".There was a time when soap and other products were shipped in wooden boxes. The boxes were small, but strong. You could stand on one to see over the heads in a crowd or to be seen in a crowd. Soap boxes were a simple, easy way to make yourself taller if you wanted to give a public speech.Such soap box speeches usually were political and one-sided. The speakers shouted their ideas to anyone who walked by. Many talked for hours, refusing to get off their soap boxes.Today, you don't need a wooden box to make a soap box speech. Anyone, anywhere, who talks endlessly about a cause, is said to be on a soap box.Another quieter way to win support or gain influence is to "soft-soap" a person. This means to use praise or other kind words to get the person to do what you want.Listen 2A: Do you think learners should aim to speak English with a native-speaker pronunciation?B: That's a difficult question to answer. I think the most important thing is to be understood easily. For most learners, it's not necessary or desirable to speak like a native speaker. For some learners, forexample, those who eventually want to teach English, or be interpreters perhaps, a native-speakerpronunciation is the ultimate goal. At least, that's what I think.A: Children often do not want to speak English with a native-speaker pronunciation. Why not?B: In general, children are splendid mimics and imitate strange sounds very easily and well. However, it is true that most children do not want to sound "English" when they are speaking English. This may be partly due to shyness but I think the main reason is that most children want to belong to a group—they dress alike, listen to the same music, share the same opinions and hobbies. Even if a child can speak English like a native speaker, he or she will usually choose not to—unless, of course, the rest of the group speaks with a native-speaker pronunciation too.A: What is the main reason why adults find pronunciation difficult?B: Numerous reasons have been offered for the difficulties which many adults find with pronunciation and, no doubt, there is some truth in all of these. It seems to be the case that children are better mimics than adults. But if an adult really wants to achieve a native-speaker pronunciation, then he or she can. It is NOT the student's own language that prevents him or her from achieving a native-speaker pronunciation in English. It is the fact that the adult student has a strong sense of national identity. In other words, he or she wants to be identified as a German or Brazilian speaking English. In my opinion, this sense of national identity is more important than other explanations, such as the greater anxiety of adults or the effect of their own language habits.Practice 1R: English Language Center. May I help you?C: Yes. I'm calling to find out more information about your program.R: Well, first of all, the purpose of our program is to provide language-learning opportunities for our partof the U.S. [Uh-huh.] For example, some students need to learn the basic functional language skills for their jobs. Others need intensive English so that they can enter a U.S. university.C: Okay. I'm calling for a friend interested in attending a U.S. university.R: We have a variety of courses that can help her, from basic communication courses to content-based classes such as computer literacy, intercultural communication, and business English.C: Great. What are your application deadlines for the next semester?R: Well, we ask applicants to apply at least two months before the semester begins. This gives us time to process the application and issue the student's I-20.R: Oh, an I-20 is a form giving our permission for a student to study in our program. The student will have to take this form to the U.S. embassy in their home country to apply for the F-1 student visa.C: I see. What's the tuition for a full-time student in your courses?R: It's two thousand thirty dollars.C: How does one apply?R: Well, we can mail an application form which can be mailed back to us, or a person can fill out our application form that's on our Web site.C: And are there other materials my friend would need to send besides the application form?R: Yes. She would need to send in a $35 non-refundable application fee [Uh-huh], a sponsorship form indicating who will be responsible financially for her while studying in our program, and a bankstatement showing that she or her sponsor has sufficient funds to cover tuition expenses and living costs for study.C: And how can she send these materials to you?R: She can either send the application packet by regular mail or she can fax it.C: And the application fee?R: We accept money orders, traveler's checks, or credit cards.C: All right. I think that's about it. Thank you for your help.R: You're welcome.C: Goodbye.Practice 2The ability to speak or write two languages well is called bilingualism. Bilingual education is generally a matter of public policy. In a country like the United States that has what may be considered a national language—English—bilingual education means teaching English to those who were brought up using other native languages. On the other hand, there are nations such as Belgium, Canada, and Switzerland that have two or more national languages. This does not mean that all citizens of these countries speak two or more languages, but they are entitled to government services, including education, in the language of their choice. Some South American countries, like Peru and Ecuador, have large populations of Indians who speak various tribal tongues. There are government programs to teach the Indians Spanish, the national language in most of Latin America.Bilingual education in the United States dates back to the first half of the 19th century, when millions of immigrants who arrived needed to learn English in order to make economic and social adjustments to the way the majority of the population lived.In countries like Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Holland, whose languages are spoken by relatively few foreigners, bilingual education has long been a part of the school curriculum. Educated persons in these countries normally learn a second language such as English, German, or French for use in international communication.Practice 3Identification of the factors that lead to fast, effective foreign language learning has become increasingly important because of the large number of people who are anxious, as adults, to learn a new language for a very specific purpose: travel, business, study, or international friendship. The requirements for effective language learning may be examined in terms of the learner, the teacher, and the curriculum.The learner must be personally committed to investing the time, applying the concentrated effort, and taking the emotional risks necessary to learn a new language. In addition to motivation, the learner should have at least minimal language-learning aptitude. While it is likely that nearly everyone can learn a new language if he or she is given enough time and effort, the ease with which you are able to acquire the language is related in part to specific language-learning aptitude. Other psychological factors that are important in picking up a new language include a sense of curiosity and a sensitivity to other people. Expectations also play an important role in determining the ease and speed with which you will learn your second language. Another factor is the learner's goals. If you are a serious adult language learner you need to write and clarify your goal in each specific area: understanding, speaking, reading, and writing.Clearly, the learner and teacher are far more important than techniques, texts, and program design. The most crucial factor involved in determining a language teacher's effectiveness, however, is probably his or her attitude toward the students, toward the language and toward the program. On the other hand, the language used in the classroom should be up-to-date and authentic. You need to learn not only words and structures but how to use them in a way acceptable to people from a different background. A good language curriculum will include practice in the nonverbal aspects of communication as well as discussion of cultural differences and similarities.Practice 4H: Welcome to today's program! Our guest is Dr. Charles Adams, language learning specialist. His book, Learning a Language over Eggs and Toast, is on the bestseller list. Welcome.A: Thank you.H: Tell us about the title of your book.A: First, it is important to establish a regular study program, like planning a few minutes every morning around breakfast time.H: But, I took Spanish for four years, and I didn't become a proficient speaker of it.A: Well, we can't become fluent speakers in a matter of a few minutes here and there. We should follow a regular course of study and remember that there is a difference between native fluency and proficiency in a language. I propose the latter.H: What are the basic keys you suggest?A: People must organize their study by setting realistic and attainable goals. Some people think they can learn a language in 30 days and become discouraged when they can't. Small steps are the key. Learning five new words a day and learning to use them actively is far better than learning 30 and forgetting them the next day.H: You mentioned individual learning styles. Can you explain what you mean by learning styles?A: Sure. People have different ways of learning. Some are visual learners who prefer to see models of the patterns they are expected to learn. Others are auditory learners who favor hearing instructions over reading them. Our preferences are determined by factors such as personality, culture, and pastexperiences.H: What is your learning style?A: I learn by doing.H: What do you mean by that?A: I know it might sound unusual, but moving around while trying to learn material helps me. While I cut up tomatoes and onions for my breakfast in the morning, I might recite aloud vocabulary to the rhythm of the knife.H: What is my learning style?A: You're going to have to read my book to find that out.H: Okay. Thanks for joining us.A: My pleasure.Text 1Language is the most important development in human history. The arts, sciences, laws, economic systems and religions of the world could not exist without language. Humans haven't changed biologically very much for some 40,000 years. However, our ability to communicate has led us from the cave all the way to the moon.Little is known about the birth of language. Written records that are more than 4,000 years old have been found, but scientists studying human beings agree that humans were probably speaking thousands of years before that.Today, most of us learn to talk by the age of three, and for the rest of our lives we rarely stop. Even while we are reading or just thinking, we are in a sense "talking", if only to ourselves. Language is so much a part of human existence that we will be talking as long as we inhabit the earth. As linguist David Thompson notes, "When language dies, so will man."Text 2Once upon a time there was an old man who had three sons. Calling them together, he said, "Sons, my end is near. To my oldest son I give half my camels, to my second one-third, and to my youngestone-ninth." Soon afterwards he died.Now, the old man had seventeen camels, and the three brothers were puzzled to know how to share them as their father had said. They thought a long time about the problem, and it seemed that they must either kill some of the camels and cut them into pieces, or disobey their father. At last they went to see their father's old friend and asked his advice. As soon as he heard their story, he said, "I will help you. I honored your father. I am old. I have only one camel, but take it—it is yours."Gratefully the three sons took the old man's camel, finding that it was now easy to divide the camels as their father had wished. The oldest took half—that was nine camels; the second took one-third, which was six; and the youngest took one-ninth, which was two.Only when each had received his share of camels did they discover that there was a camel to spare. So, out of gratitude to their father's friend, they returned the camel.Text 3T: Before we start our regular lesson today, we're going to take about 20 minutes for a short listening test. S: Dr. Stark, why do we have to do it?T: That's a good question, and I have a good answer. You see, I belong to the TESOL organization—organization of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages. I also occasionally help evaluate possible questions that might be on a TOEFL test.S: Do you mean you try to be sure they will be difficult questions?T: Not at all. We try to be sure that they are fair. And we want the questions neither too hard nor too easy, and as much like standard English as possible.S: Well, after we answer the questions, what will you do?T: I'll look at your answers, note which ones too many of you miss, and then perhaps give my opinion if I think it's a bad passage or dialog. All of your answers will go to ETS, the Educational Testing Service and there they'll decide which questions can possibly be included in a future test. OK, are you ready? Do you have any questions?S: Do you get paid for doing this?T: That's not considered a polite question in the U.S., but I'll answer it. No, I don't. I do this because I want to help to make good tests for international students. Now, no more questions. Let's listen.。

Book3 Unit 1-11. An Introduction to PersonalityIn a general sense, the term “personality”refers to all the personal and moral characteristics that determine the way a person thinks, feels and acts in his or her social and personal relations.These traits include a vast variety of attitudes and attributes, such as: shyness, generosity, patience, flexibility, sadness, humor, cheerfulness, selfishness, independence and aggressiveness.Most people are a mix of positive and negative traits. Personality traits that are valued in one culture may be frowned upon in another culture.Most research tends to suggest that our basic personality is inherited but that many factors shape and mould our personality as we grow mature.Recognizing one’s strengths and weaknesses is an important step in the process of personal development.In recent years, various studies have shown that health and personality are interrelated. In constantly looking at the dark side of things, pessimists can become discouraged to feel helpless; optimists, on the other hand, attempt to make the best of a situation.2. Mr. and Miss So and SoDirections: Work in pairs to complete these imaginary names to form adjectives that describe a person’s personality.3. Personality and JobWords used to describe a person’s personality.aggressive, amiable, arrogant, artful, brave, broad-minded, carefree, caring, cheerful, compassionate, competitive, conservative, courageous, demanding, determined, dominant, dynamic, egocentric, extroverted, flexible, generous, idle,light-hearted, lively, logical, loyal, malicious, mean, moody, outgoing, passionate, practical, proud, rational, realistic, reserved, ruthless, self-centered, sinister, spiteful, strong-willed, unscrupulous, vain, violent, well-organized…Directions: Discuss with your partner and decide the personality traits that you think would make an ideal person for the following job.Words and phrases1. accent v. to emphasize a part of something 强调，使突出1) Skillful use of make-up can accent your cheekbones and hide small blemishes.2) The side tables were accented by fresh flower arrangements.accent n. a way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country, area or social class a person comes from 口音，腔调1) a northern/Dublin/Indian/Scottish accent2) a strong/broad accent (= one that is very noticeable)3) She spoke English with an accent.2. a special importance that is given to something强调，注重In all our products, the accent is on quality.3. the emphasis that you should give to part of a word when saying it重音In “today”, the accent is on the second syllable.acquaintance n.a person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识的人，泛泛之交1) He has a wide circle of acquaintances.2) She is an old acquaintance.◆have a passing/nodding acquaintance with sb./sth.I must admit I have only a passing acquaintance with his books.◆make sb.’s acquaintance / make the acquaintance of sb.I made his acquaintance at a party.circulate v.1. to move around within a system, or to make something do this循环，环行1) Ceiling fans circulated warm air around the room.2) The condition prevents the blood from circulating freely.2. if information, facts, ideas etc. circulate, they become known by many people传播，流传Rumors began circulating that the Prime Minister was seriously ill.3. to talk to a lot of different people in a group, especially at a party交往I circulated among the guests during the party.contrast n.1. a difference between people, ideas, situations, things etc. that are being compared对比，对照1)While there are similarities in the two cultures, there are also great contrasts.2) The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.3) The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.4) The economic and social contrasts between the poor and the rich.2. something that is very different from something else: 形成对比的人或物1) The sauce is quite sweet, so add dried thyme as a contrast.2) The red stems of this bush provide a contrast to the drab brown of the winter garden.3. the degree of difference between the light and dark parts of a television picture, X-ray, photocopy etc.: 对比度，反差1) This button adjusts the contrast.2) The chemical heightens contrast between different kinds of tissue in the breast.contrast v.1. if two things contrast, the difference between them is very easy to see and is sometimes surprising形成对比1) The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky.2) These results contrast sharply with other medical tests carried out in Australia.2. to compare two things, ideas, people etc. to show how different they are from each other使成对比，使成对照1) In another passage, Melville again contrasts the land with the sea.2) The documentary contrasts the reality of war with its romanticized image.dwell(vi.) (dwelt or dwelled) (Line 31, Para. 4) 1) dwell in /at: reside居住2) dwell on / upon: think, speak or write at length about凝思；详细；论述；仔细研究不要过分沉溺在痛苦的回忆之中。

Unit1The misery of shynessShyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. All kinds of people describe themselves as shy :short , tall, dull, intelligent, young, old, slim, overweight. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively（过多地）concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thought are constantly swirling(打转，旋动) in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I stupid? I‟m ugly. I‟m wearing unattractive clothes.It‟s obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. a person …s self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way people think about themselves has a positive sense of self-worth or high self-esteem usually act with confidence .because they have self-assurance, they do not need constant praise and encouragement from others to feel good about themselves. Self-confident people participate in life enthusiastically and spontaneously（自发地，本能地）.they are not affected by what others think they “should” do . people with high self-esteem are not hurt by criticism; they do not regard criticism as a personal attack.. instead they view a criticism as a suggestion for improvement.In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem ,are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others .they need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing”. Shy people are very sensitive(敏感的) to criticism; they feel it confirms inferiority（劣势；自卑）.they also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond a compliment with a statement like this one:“you are just saying that to make me feel good. I know it‟s not true.”it is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced？Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weakness and as well as their strengths. For example, most people would like to be “A”students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves as inferior because they have difficultly in some areas. People‟s expectations of themselves must be realistic. Dwelling on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, or jealousy. We are self-destructive when we envy a student who gets better grades.If you are shy here are some specific helpful steps toward building self-confidence and overcoming shyness.1.recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses. Everyone has both. Asself-acceptance grows, shyness naturally diminishes.2.set reasonable goals. For example, you may be timid about being with a groupof strangers at a party. Don‟t feel that you must converse with everyone.Concentrate on talking to only one or two people. You will feel morecomfortable.3.guilt and shame are destructive feelings. don‟t waste time and energy on them.Suppose you hurt someone‟s feelings. Feeling shame accomplishes nothing.Instead, accept the fact that you make a mistake, and make up your mind to bemore sensitive.4.there are numerous approaches to all issues. Few opinions are completelyright or wrong. Don‟t be afraid to speak up and give you point of view.5.don‟t make negative comments on about yourself. This is a form of self-reject.avoid describing yourself as stupid, ugly, a failure. Accent the positive.6.accept criticism thoughtfully. Do not interpret it as a personal attack. If, forexample, a friend complains your cooking, accept it as a comment on yourcooking ,not yourself. Be assured that you are still friends, but perhaps yourcooking could improve.7.remember everyone experience some failure and disappointment. Profit fromthem as learning experiences. Very often a disappointment become a turningpoint for a wonderful experience to come along. For instance, you may berejected by the college of your choice. However, at the college you actuallyattend, you may find a quality of education beyond what you had expected.8.do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate, try to changetheir attitude or yours, or remove yourself from the relationship. People whohurt you do not have your best interests at heart.9.set aside time, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly. Time spendthis way helps you learn more about yourself.10.practice being in social situations. Don‟t isolate yourself from people. Trymaking one acquaintance at a time; eventually you will circulate in largegroups with skill and self-assurance.Each one of us is unique, valuable individual. We are interesting in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easily it becomes to live up to our full potential. let‟s not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.Unit2Why the Tortoise's Shell Is Not Smooth1 The distant sound of low voices, broken now and again by singing, reached Okonkwo from his wives' huts as each woman and her children told folk stories. Ekwefi and her daughter, Ezinma, sat on a mat on the floor. It was Ekwefi's turn to tell a story. Suddenly the murmuring stopped and all eyes turned to their favorite and most skillful storyteller.2 "Once upon a time," she began, "all the birds were invited to a feast in the sky. They were very happy and began to prepare themselves for the great day. They painted their bodies deep red and drew beautiful patterns on them with dye.3 "Tortoise saw all these preparations and soon discovered what it all meant. Nothing that happened in the world of the animals ever escaped his notice; he was full of cunning. As soon as he heard of the great feast in the sky his throat began to itch at the very thought. There was a famine in those days and Tortoise had not eaten a good meal for two moons. His body rattled likea dry stick in his empty shell. Slowly but surely he began to plan how he would go to the sky."4 "But he had no wings," said Ezinma.5 "Be patient," replied her mother. "That is the story. Tortoise had no wings, but he went to the birds and asked to be allowed to go with them.6 "'We know you too well,' said the birds when they had heard him. 'You are full of cunning and you are ungrateful. If we allow you to come with us you will soon begin your mischief. We know you of old.'7 "'You do not know me,' said Tortoise. 'I am a changed man. I am not the mischievous man you once knew. On the contrary, I am thoughtful and well-meaning. I have learned that a man who makes trouble for others is also making trouble for himself. Rest assured, I promise I will not cause you any trouble.'8 "Tortoise had a sweet tongue, and within a short time all the birds agreed that he was a changed man, and they all gave him a feather, with which he made two splendidly colorful wings.9 "At last the great day came and Tortoise was the first to arrive at the meeting place. When all the birds had gathered together, they all set off together. Tortoise was very happy as he flew among the birds, and he was soon chosen as the man to speak for the party because he was a great orator.10 "'There is one important thing which we must not forget,' he said as they flew on their way. 'When people are invited to a great feast like this, they take new names for the occasion. Our hosts in the sky will expect us to honor this age-old custom.'11 "None of the birds had heard of this custom but they knew that Tortoise, in spite of his failings in other areas, was a widely traveled man who knew the customs of different peoples. And so they each took a new name. When they had all taken a new name, Tortoise also took one. He was to be called All of you.12 "At last the party arrived in the sky and their hosts were very happy to see them. Tortoise stood up in his many-colored plumage and thanked them for their invitation. His speech was so eloquent that all the birds were glad they had brought him, and nodded their heads in approval of all he said. Their hosts took him as the king of the birds, especially as he looked somewhat different from the others.13 "After a selection of nuts had been presented and eaten, the people of the sky set before their guests the most delectable dishes Tortoise had ever seen or dreamed of. The soup was brought out hot from the fire and in the very pot in which it had been cooked. It was full of meat and fish. Tortoise began to sniff aloud. There was pounded yam and also yam soup cooked with palm oil and fresh fish. There were also pots of palm wine. When everything had been set before the guests, one of the people of the sky came forward and tasted a little from each pot. He then invited the birds to eat. But Tortoise jumped to his feet and asked: 'For whom have you prepared this feast?'14 "'For all of you,' replied the man.15 "Tortoise turned to the birds and said: 'You remember that my name is All of you. The custom here is to serve the spokesman first and the others later. They will serve you when I have eaten.'16 "He began to eat and the birds grumbled angrily among themselves. The people of the sky thought it must be their custom to leave all the food for their king. And so Tortoise ate the best part of the food and then drank two pots of palm wine, so that he was full of food and drink and his body grew fat enough to fill out his shell.17 "The birds gathered round to eat what was left and to peck at the bones he had thrown on the floor. Some of them were too angry to eat. They chose to fly home on an empty stomach. But before they left each took back the feather he had lent to Tortoise. And there he stood in his hard shell full of food and wine but without any wings to fly home. He asked the birds to take a message for his wife, but they all refused. In the end Parrot, who had felt more angry than the others, suddenly changed his mind and agreed to take the message.18 "'Tell my wife,' said Tortoise, 'to bring out all the soft things in my house and cover the ground with them so that I can jump down from the sky without hurting myself.19 "Parrot promised faithfully to deliver the message, and then flew away smiling to himself. However when he reached Tortoise's house he told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp things in the house. And so Tortoise's wife dutifully brought out her husband's hoes, knives, spears, guns, and even his cannon. Tortoise looked down from the sky and saw his wife bringing things out, but it was too far to see what they were. When all seemed ready he let himself go. He fell and fell and fell until he began to fear that he would never stop falling. And then like the sound of his cannon he crashed to the ground."20 "Did he die?" asked Ezinma.21 "No," replied Ekwefi. "His shell broke into hundreds of pieces. But there was a great medicine man in the neighborhood. Tortoise's wife sent for him and he gathered all the bits of shell and stuck them together. That is why the Tortoise's shell is not smooth." (1160 words)Unit3Latchkey Children Knock, Knock, Is Anybody Home?1 In the United States the cost of living has been steadily rising for the past few decades. Food prices, clothing costs, housing expenses, and tuition fees are constantly getting higher and higher. Partly because of financial need, and partly because of career choices for personal fulfillment, mothers have been leaving the traditional role of full-time homemaker. Increasingly they have been taking salaried jobs outside the home.2 Making such a significant role change affects the entire family, especially the children. Some consequences are obvious. For example, dinnertime is at a later hour. The emotional impact, on the other hand, can be more subtle. Mothers leave home in the morning, feeling guilty because they will not be home when their children return from school. They suppress their guilt since they believe that their work will benefit everyone in the long run. The income will enable the family to save for college tuition, take an extended vacation, buy a new car, and so on.3 The emotional impact on the children can be significant. It is quite common for children to feel hurt and resentful. After all, they are alone several hours, and they feel that their mothers should "be there" for them. They might need assistance with their homework or want to share the day's activities. All too often, however, the mothers arrive home exhausted and face the immediate task of preparing dinner. Their priority is making the evening meal for the family, not engaging in relaxed conversation.4 Latchkey children range in age from six to thirteen. On a daily basis they return from school and unlock the door to their home with the key hanging around their necks. They are now on their own, alone, in quiet, empty rooms. For some youngsters, it is a productive period of private time, while for others it is a frightening, lonely void. For reasons of safety, many parents forbid their children to go out to play or to have visitors at home. The youngsters, therefore, feel isolated.5 Latchkey children who were interviewed reported diverse reactions. Some latchkey children said that being on their own for a few hours each day fostered, or stimulated, a sense of independence and responsibility. They felt loved and trusted, and this feeling encouraged them to be self-confident. Latchkey girls, by observing how their mothers coped with the demands of a family and a job, learned the role model of a working mother. Some children stated that they used their unsupervised free time to perfect their athletic skills, such as playing basketball. Others read books or practiced a musical instrument. These children looked upon their free time after school as an opportunity for personal development. It led to positive, productive, and valuable experiences.6 Conversely, many latchkey children expressed much bitterness, resentment, and anger for being made to live in this fashion. Many claimed that too much responsibility was placed on them at an early age; it was an overwhelming burden. They were little people who really wanted to be protected, encouraged, and cared for through attention from their mothers. Coming home to an empty house was disappointing, lonely, and often frightening. They felt abandoned by their mothers. After all, it seemed to them that most other children had "normal" families whose mothers were "around," whereas their own mothers were never home. Many children turned on the television for the whole afternoon day after day, in order to diminish feelings of isolation; furthermore, the voices were comforting. Frequently, they would doze off.7 Because of either economic necessity or strong determination for personal fulfillment, or both, the phenomenon of latchkey children is widespread in our society. Whatever the reason, it is a compelling situation with which families must cope. The question to ask is not whether or not mothers should work full-time. Given the reality of the situation, the question to ask is: how can an optimum plan be worked out to deal effectively with the situation.8 It is advisable for all members of the family to express their feelings and concerns about the inevitable change candidly. These remarks should be discussed fully. Many factors must be taken into consideration: the children's personality and maturity, the amount of time the children will be alone, the safety of the neighborhood, accessibility of help in case of an emergency. Of supreme importance is the quality of the relationship between parents andchildren. It is most important that the children be secure in the knowledge that they are loved. Feeling loved provides invaluable emotional strength to cope successfully with almost any difficulty that arises in life.Unit4Career Planning1 Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps. Each of us places weight on different factors and may consider certain phases of career planning at different times. Career planning includes gathering information about ourselves and about occupations , estimating the probable outcomes of various courses of action<1>, and finally, choosing alternatives that we find attractive and feasible.2 Many observers have pointed out that students are not very efficient career planners. They cite evidence that (1) most students choose from among a very narrow group of occupations; (2) as many as 40 to 60 percent choose professional occupations, when in reality only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work; (3) young men show a striking lack of interest in clerical, sales, and service occupations, although these fields offer many job opportunities; and (4) as many as a third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation.3 In their book Decision Making<2>, Irving Janis and Leon Mann identify serious flaws in the ways many people make decisions. These flaws seem to be associated with the patterns people use to cope with problems. The first flaw is complacency. People who ignore challenging information about the choices they make demonstrate complacency. People who take the attitude that "It won't affect me" or "It will never happen" use complacency as a dominant pattern of behaving. Of course, complacency is appropriate for any decision in which nothing much is at stake, but that does not describe career decisions.4 A second flaw in the way people cope with decisions is defensive avoidance. When confronted with a decision and unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution, some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming. Students who fail to think about the implications of their career choices often engage in rationalization (deceiving oneself with self-satisfying but incorrect explanations for one's behavior) or procrastination (putting off or delaying). Facing the situation may produce anxiety, but examining alternatives could also bring relief.5 A third flaw is hypervigilance<3>. This occurs in career decision making whenpeople believe there is not enough time to find a solution and they panic. They search frantically for career possibilities and seize on hastily invented solutions, overlooking the consequences of their choice as well as other alternatives. People who are in a panic sometimes do not think clearly or logically.6 The best coping behavior is vigilance. Vigilant decision making occurs when people believe that (1) a choice should be made, (2) they can find a solution, and (3) there is enough time. Under these conditions, students can conduct an effective search for alternative careers, carefully evaluate each alternative, and work out contingency plans in case one or another risk appears.7 Following are the keys to career planning.8 1. Study yourself. This is the key to career planning. Understanding what you are like, what you value, and what you want to become is the foundation for all career planning. In studying yourself, you examine your strengths and weaknesses, your goals, and the trends in your personal development. The self-understanding that you gain enables you to imagine how certain occupations may best fit your personality, interests, abilities, and goals. All career decisions require us to learn both about ourselves and about work, and to integrate these two kinds of knowledge.9 2. Write your career goals down. A technique useful for organizing ideas about your career development is actually to write them down by time blocks<4> in your life. Writing something down forces you to crystallize your thinking and to recognize unclear and half-formed<5> ideas. It may lead to new insights into your possibilities and may help you to see new relationships, patterns, and trends, or to identify gaps in your thinking about your career development.10 3. Review your plans and progress periodically with another person. Every so often, take stock of your situation and consider what steps have to be taken next. Taking inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market. T alking over your plans with a college counselor, your parents, and your friends helps you define your goals and improve your career plans or make them work.11 4. If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over. Today, growing numbers of men and women are changing careers or getting second starts in careers that have greater appeal to them. Many of those who find that their line of work<6> is unsatisfactory restrain themselves for a different occupation. Often their new occupation is one that they overlooked when they were young or that they did not have an opportunity to pursue at that time for financial or other reasons.12 Sociologists say that there are few changes in careers that involve "downward" movement; most involve the traditional business of "getting ahead".<7> Society no longer attaches the stigma of "instability" to the idea of career hopping, as it once did.<8>13 Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages. It has been estimated that as many as one out of four male workers between the ages of twenty andtwenty-five change their lines of work. About half that number do so between the ages of twenty-five and forty-four.14 Career planning does not guarantee that all the problems, difficulties, or decision-making situations that face you in the future will be solved or made any easier. No formula can be given to do that. But career planning should help you to approach and cope better with new problems, such as deciding whether or not to enter educational or training programs, deciding whether or not to change jobs, and analyzing the difficulties you are having with a situation or a person.15 Nobody can foresee what the future holds for any of us.<9> There are social, emotional, and moral considerations in our future that cannot be foreseen. But the most important lesson of this often unhappy modern world is that progress comes from planning. Ignorance about one's career is not bliss<10>; reason is better than chance and fate. Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now to shape your career possibilities.Uint5How I Discovered WordsHelen Keller*1 The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.2 On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me.<1> Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.3 Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line<2>, and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.4 I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother.<3> Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.5 The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until afterward. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l". I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them, pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a name.6 One day, while I was playing with my new doll, Miss Sullivan put my big rag doll into my lap, also spelled "d-o-l-l" and tried to make me understand that "d-o-l-l" applied to both. Earlier in the day we had had a tussle over the words "m-u-g" and "w-a-t-e-r". Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me that "m-u-g" is mug and that "w-a-t-e-r" is water, but I persisted in confounding the two. In despair she had dropped the subject for the time, only to <4> renew it at the first opportunity. I became impatient at her repeated attempts and, seizing the new doll, I dashed it upon the floor. I was keenly delighted when I felt the fragments of the broken doll at my feet. Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst. I had not loved the doll. In the still, dark world in which I lived there was no strong sentiment or tenderness. I felt my teacher sweep the fragments to one side of the hearth, and I had a sense of satisfaction that the cause of my discomfort was removed. She brought me my hat, and I knew I was going out into the warm sunshine. This thought, if a wordless sensation may be called a thought, made me hop and skip with pleasure.7 We walked down the path to the well-house, attracted by the fragrance of the honeysuckle with which it was covered. Someone was drawing water and my teacher placed my hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand she spelled into the other the word water, first slowly, then rapidly. I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly, I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten-a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. I knew then that "w-a-t-e-r" meant the wonderful cool something that was flowing over my hand. That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! There were barriers still, it is true, but barriers that could in time be swept away.8 I left the well-house eager to learn. Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought. As we returned to the house every object which I touched seemed to quiver with life. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces.I tried vainly to put them together. Then my eyes filled with tears; for I realized what I had done, and for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow.9 I learned a great many new words that day. I do not remember what they all were; but I do know that mother, father, sister, teacher were among them-words that were to make the world blossom for me, "like Aaron's rod <5>, with flowers". It would have been difficult to find a happier child。

Listen 1For many of you this will be your last year at university and now is the time for you to begin thinking seriously about your future careers. In order to give you as much help as possible, I have quoted a list of questions that you ought to ask yourself.First, "Have I got a clear knowledge of my abilities as well as my interests?" Be honest about your weaknesses as well as your strengths. Take a really good look at yourself and give real thought to the kind of person you are, and what kind of person you want to be.Second, "Do I know the kinds of occupations in which people like myself tend to find success and satisfaction?" Talk to people who have similar abilities and interests and who are already in the careers that interest you. You can gain some idea of what they consider to be important and challenging in those careers. Watch these people at work.Third, "Have I weighed carefully the immediate advantages against the long-term prospects offered by the jobs I am considering?" Will the occupation you select give you satisfaction in the years to come? Realize now the importance of education in all fields, technical and professional. Remember that chancesof promotion are usually given to educated persons—other things being equal.Fourth, "Have I talked with my parents, my teachers and my headmaster?" Remember they have a lot of experience that you can benefit from. They can help you think about the jobs. They can stimulate you to give careful thought to what you really want to do, and offer useful suggestions about how you might take full advantage of your personal qualities and qualifications.Last, "How do I regard my job? Is it just a means of getting money to do the things that I want to do? Is the work important to my future happiness? Is it a combination of both?"The above questions and their answers should give you some better ideas about how you should start planning your career. Your life-long job cannot be approached in any kind of haphazard fashion. It must be considered carefully, examined from every angle, and talked over with those who know you and those who can help you in any way.Listen 2I: Some people feel that their jobs are misunderstood by others. Is that very common?S: Oh, absolutely. Most jobs or professions have an image or stereotype attached to them, and some of these are not realistic. The serious point is that young people choose their careers based on these false images, and they may even avoid certain careers which have a negative image. This can cause problems for the economy.I: Is there evidence of this problem?S: Yes, there was a recent survey of children's attitudes to different professions.I: How was this done? Children don't know much about jobs and professions.S: True. What the investigators wanted to get was children's impressions and prejudices. They gave the children twelve pairs of statements, one of the pair positive, and the other negative. Children were asked to say which of the statements was "most true" for each profession.I: For example?S: Well, for example, "Such and such a person is likely to be boring or interesting company."I: I see. What professions did they ask about?S: The list is long, but it included lawyers, economists, accountants, sales representatives, scientists and engineers.I: And the results?S: Well, they are striking, especially for engineers who came out much worse than one might expect. About90 percent of the children thought that engineering was a "dirty job", of "low status", and the engineerwas more likely to take orders than to give them. The only other person they thought more likely to lose his job was the sales representative. But, there were good points too. Engineering was seen to be"interesting, well-paid work".I: Hmm, not a rosy picture.S: No, but it got better when children were asked what they thought of the engineer as a person. Most of them chose positive comments, but most thought the engineer was likely to be badly dressed.I: What about other professions? What were the most popular?S: Oh, the lawyers by far. Next came accountants and scientists as well as economists. The engineers and sales representatives were the least popular.I: Sounds like a sign of the times.S: Yes, but I think the most serious implication was the children's apparent ignorance of the importance of the engineer's role in society.Practice 1W: Look. Here's a job that might interest you.M: What is it? Are you sure? The last job interview you sent me off to was a disaster.W: Well, look. It says they want a sales manager, and it looks like it's a big international company. That'd be good. You might get to travel.M: What kind of company is it, though?W: Um, let's see. Yes, it's a textile company that seems to import from abroad. They say the salary is really good. They operate a system of paying you a basic salary and then offering you a sales commission on top of that. They say it is high. And oh, look! They give you a car to travel round in. That's not bad, is it?M: Um, do they say anything about experience?W: Um, let's see. No, they want someone young with ambition and enthusiasm. Oh yes, they want graduates, so that's OK. You've been to university. Now what else? Let's see.M: There must be some catch.W: No, the only thing is you have to travel, but then that's what the company car's for. Oh, and you have to be able to get on well with other people because it says you have to be good on a team.M: Um, perhaps I'll have a closer look at that one.Practice 2W: Now what do you want to see me about, Janet?J: Well, I have a few questions I'd like to ask you, Mr. Womack. Can you give me some information about secretarial jobs?W: Yes, of course. First, let me get your file out. Now you're 16, aren't you?J: That's right.W: Well, what would you like to know?J: About the opportunities in general and the basic training, and things like typing speed and shorthand speed.W: Before we go any further, Janet, when you said secretarial work, did you only mean typing or more general things?J: Well, I suppose I'd have to start as a word processor operator, wouldn't I?W: If you left school at sixteen, yes. But if you wanted to have a better chance of getting a more interesting secretarial job more quickly, it would be better if you stayed on and took A levels. According to your file, your English is good, and you've done French and economics, haven't you?J: Yes, they're my best subjects. If I stayed, what A levels would I need to be a secretary?W: That depends, but those three subjects are all very suitable.J: And then I suppose I'd have to do a secretarial course, wouldn't I? Um, what sort of speed do they expect?W: I've got the typing speed here, I think. Oh, yes, it should be 65 words per minute.J: And would I have to learn shorthand?W: Yes, you would. You'd need a speed of 90 to 100 words a minute.J: Oh, it sounds a lot, doesn't it? Would I have a chance to use my French?W: Oh, yes, if you were a secretary with languages.J: What sort of work would I have to do?W: Well, you'd have to translate letters, of course, but you'd also have to answer the phone to foreign callers and interpret if foreign visitors came to the firm. It would be useful if you learned a secondforeign language. That would help a lot.J: I think I'd like a job like that. But I'd better go away and think about it. You see, well, after all, two more years at school is a long time, isn't it?W: I'm sure it seems so at your age. If you need any more help, please come back and we'll talk about it again.J: Thanks, Mr. Womack.Practice 3D: Hi! You're listening to Radio Southwest, the best in the southwest for music and up-to-the-minute news.Sue's here. Hello, Sue.S: Hello, David.D: And we've got the Jobspot for you today. So, if you're looking for a new job, this could be the spot for you. So, let's have a look, and see what we've got today.S: Well, the first one we've got is a cook. That's in a large, busy restaurant, so it's very useful to have had experience in cooking. Must be a high school graduate and the pay is $12 an hour. So that's not bad, is it? The hours are good too. That's Monday to Friday, 3:00 p.m. till 6:00 p.m.D: Great. Thanks, Sue. So that's a cook. Now, how do you fancy working out of doors? How do you fancy being a gardener? So as long as you're fit and strong, and at least 16 years old, that'll suit you. The pay is $8 an hour. And the hours, Tuesday to Saturday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., you have to work on Sunday once a month, but on Monday the Garden Center's closed. Now, the sort of work you'd be doing is potting, watering, things like that. So, how about applying for that? Pay, $8 an hour. Sue, what else have you got?S: Right, Dave. Well, from outdoors to indoors. We've got a word processor operator job here. This job might suit a woman with school-age children, because the hours are only 15 hours a week. It's a small, friendly office, and they require a high school graduate with two years' experience operating a computer.Pay is $9 per hour. So, there you go. That's a nice job in an office. If you fancy any of those jobs, give us a ring here on Jobspot at Radio Southwest. And now back to the music.Practice 4A: Do you think anybody can be trained to be a teacher?B: Well, I think there are probably some people that can be teachers but I think it's a gift that you have.And not many people have that internal kind of thing.A: Can you define any of that?B: Oh...A: What sort of specific uh...are there certain personality...B: Well, I think that the best teachers are people that are fairly sensitive, and, er, extroverted, okay?A: Uh-huh...B: The best teachers I know are kind of extroverted people, and they really like kids...A: Uh-huh.B: But, by the same token, I know some teachers who really care about doing a good job and want those kids to like them and want to do well.A: Right...B: But for some teachers, they just don't have it. And it's...it's sad when you see that happening, because there're some teachers who don't care, you know—they're just in it now because they've been in it so long and it's too late to move out...and...A: Well, aren't there some very definable management skills involved in teaching that often are neglected in teacher training, maybe? I mean...B: I don't know how you train somebody to do that. To be a good teacher, I think you have to have a high tolerance level for confusion—I think you have...A: Um...B: To have that when you've got thirty kids... You have to have that. You have to be a very patient person, and I know it just sounds totally inadequate, but I don't know how to put my...my finger on it. It just... A: But you do believe it is uh...there is a gift of some sort, or there is something...B: Yeah, I do.Text 1There are at least 100 million workers in the Unites States. Most of them are on the job 35 to 40 hours a week. Their typical day includes seven to eight hours of work. Usually, they have a 15-minute coffee break in the morning and in the afternoon. But work schedules vary from job to job.White-collar workers—office workers and many professionals—usually have "nine to five" jobs. They begin at 9:00 a.m. and finish at 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Blue-collar workers—mechanics, electricians, and laborers—often work from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. In many factories, blue-collar workers come to work in eight-hour shifts. Typically, these shifts start at 8:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m., and midnight. Finally, sales people and managers in retail stores work on Monday and Thursday nights, when the stores are open. Many retail workers also work on Saturdays, and some work on Sundays.These are the normal schedules for most American workers. However, many businesses now use a new system called "flex-time scheduling". Under this system, the employees choose their own working hours. Some people work from 8:00 to 4:00 five days a week. Some work from 9:00 to 5:00. Other people work 10 or 12 hours a day four days a week. Employees and managers are both happy with the system. The employees like the freedom of choice, so they work hard. The managers, of course, like the hard-working employees.What, then, is a typical work schedule? It depends on the job—and on the workers.Text 2M: How long have you worked for AM-ADMEL, Gill?W: Only for a year. It's May now, isn't it? Yes, I joined last August in fact.M: August in 1996.W: Yes.M: What did you do before that?W: I used to work for a travel agency in London.M: It was interesting, wasn't it?W: Not really. It was just secretarial work, rather like this job. And it wasn't too well-paid. But I took a secretarial course when I left school and I couldn't think what else to do.M: So you went straight from school into a secretarial course, didn't you?W: Well, not quite. I left school when I was 16, in 1989, I think it was. And then I went to work in a hotel in Austria for a year, to learn some German.M: Austria? Why Austria?W : I don't know really. Well, we used to go there on holiday quite often when we were younger, and, well,I like Austria actually. Anyway then I went back and did the secretarial course. That was a year'scourse.M: And then you got the job at the travel agency I suppose.W: Yeah, that's right. That was in 1991.M: So you were there for five years!W: Yes, it's awful, isn't it? Actually, I'm thinking of giving it all up to become a nurse.M: Really?W: Well, I worked in a hospital in Twickenham during my last year at school. Just cleaning and helping to make beds and so on. It was part of our Practical Careers training.M: And you liked it?W: Yes, it was interesting.Text 3M: Well, now then, one thing I'd like to ask is, er, exactly why you applied for the job. I mean, just looking at your application form, you're actually over-qualified...W: Yes, I thought you might ask that. Um, the thing is, in my present job, although I'm actually in charge of a small team and I have a lot of responsibility, it's largely a desk job with a lot of paperwork...M: And you're not too keen on being stuck in an office all day?W: To be honest, no, I'm not. I much prefer being out on site where I can supervise things, and deal with problems as they occur. And this job should give me the kind of contact with other engineers, architects, builders and so on.M: Mmm. You'd certainly have to do quite a lot of traveling in the local area, you know, visiting different sites. You do realize, though, that the starting salary isn't as good as the salary in your present job?W: Yes, I realize that, but um, it does say in the job advertisement that the promotion prospects are very good.M: That's true, and er, as this is a new project that we're working on, we think there'll be a very good chance of fairly quick promotion, depending on performance, that is...W: Yes, of course. Well, you see, I've got very little chance of promotion in my present job. I mean it's a very small company and there's nowhere really for me to go; that's why I'm looking around for somewhere else.。

Unit 3 Social Problems挂着钥匙的小孩––––笃，笃，有人在家吗？1 在美国过去的几十年中，生活开支一直在持续上升。

食品价格、服装开支、住房开支以及学费不断增高。

母亲们已经不再扮演专职家庭主妇的传统角色，这在一定程度上是出于经济上的需要，一定程度上也是为了使自己有一种成就感。

她们越来越多地在从事着家庭以外的带薪水的工作。

2 这样重大的角色转换影响到整个家庭，尤其是小孩。

某些后果是显而易见的。

例如，晚饭时间推迟了。

然而，这种转变对感情上的影响更为微妙。

母亲们早上带着负疚感离开家，因为孩子放学回家时她们不能在家等候。

她们压抑着负疚心理，因为相信从长远来看这份工作对大家都有利。

她们的收入能够使家庭积攒起孩子的大学学费、全家度一个更长的假期、买一辆新车，等等。

3 孩子们在感情上所受到的影响是很大的。

孩子们普遍感到受了伤害，有怨恨情绪。

毕竟有好几个小时他们要独自呆在家里，而他们觉得母亲应该“在那儿”等着他们。

他们也许会需要母亲帮他们完成家庭作业，或是想把一天里的活动说给母亲听。

然而十分常见的情况是：母亲们回到家里已经疲惫不堪，又面临着一个紧迫的任务––––做饭。

她们的首要任务是为全家人做晚饭，而不是放松地聊天。

4 挂钥匙的孩子们的年龄从6岁到13岁不等。

每天他们放学回家，用挂在自己脖子上的钥匙打开家门。

然后就独自呆在安安静静、空空荡荡的房间里。

对于某些孩子来说，这是一段属于他们自己的有所作为的时间，而对于另一些孩子来说则是令人恐惧的、孤独的空虚。

为了安全的原因，许多父母不允许他们的孩子出去玩或是让别的孩子来家玩。

因此这些孩子有一种被隔离的感觉。

5 接受采访的挂钥匙的孩子们的反应不同。

一些孩子说每天有几个小时让他们独自呆在家里培养了或者说激发了他们的独立意识和责任感。

他们觉得受到了关爱与信任，而且这种感觉增强了他们的自信心。

（挂钥匙的）女孩子们通过观察母亲们如何对付家庭与工作中的难处而学习了职业母亲的行为榜样。

Unite 1Practice oneTom: Hey, Bill. Do you have any plans for this weekend?Bill: Y eah, Tom. Cindy and I are going ice-skating on Saturday.Tom: Oh.Bill: Why do you ask?Tom: Well, I thought you might want to come over and study for next week's chemistry test. Bill: Study?! No way. Hey, what if I try to fix you up with Cindy's sister, Kristi. We could double-date. She's really outgoing, bright, and funny too.Tom: Hey, I still remember the girl you fixed me up with last time. She was very moody and self-centered. She couldn't stop talking about how great she was. I'm not sure if I can trust you, "Mr. Matchmaker".Bill: Oh come on. So I made a mistake last time. Cindy's sister is really different.Tom: Well, what does she look like?Bill: Ah. Looks aren't important. She has a wonderful personality.Tom: Right.Bill: Okay. She has long wavy blond hair and blue eyes. She's of medium height, just a little shorter than you are.Tom: Go on.Bill: She has a great figure, a nice complexion, and she has a sexy voice. Oh, and she has a tattoo of an eagle on her arm.Tom: A what?Bill: No, just kidding. By the way, she was the runner-up in the Miss California Beauty Pageant two years ago. Well, you're probably not interested.Tom: No, wait!Bill: Ah, just forget I ever mentioned it.Tom: No, I'm interested!Practice 2David: Barbara, before you go, could you tell me about these students that are coming into my class?Barbara: Oh, yes. Now, let me think, well, there's...er...Paul. He's a tall, slim lad w ith fair hair. V ery friendly face, lovely smile... He's particularly good with group activities, and he's a very helpful person to have in the class and very helpful with the other students. He speaks fluently, but does make a lot of mistakes! He doesn't seem to mind making mistakes. He asks a lot of questions...er...he tends to speak first and think later. But he's got lots of interesting ideas. David: Good.Barbara: Ah...Susan...Susan. Now, she's very lively, quick, and very bright. She talks all the time but not always in English.David: What? Is she difficult or anything?Barbara: No...she's quite young but she does behave in quite a grown-up way really for her age. It can be a bit difficult to actually shut her up sometimes and make her listen to you.David: Ah, right.Barbara: She's very nice. She has dark hair and dark eyes.David: Right, well...are there any other girls in the class?Barbara: Y es, there is Maria. She's Susan's sister.David: Y es.Barbara: Actually it's quite difficult to tell them apart although...er... Maria is slightly older. She's a bit plumper and has longer hair than Susan. She's not quite as bright as her sister and I think that makes her feel a bit inferior really. Well, you know, she sulks a bit when she gets things wrong or she misunderstands you. But on the whole, a very sensible girl.David: OK.Barbara: And then there's Peter, who's older than the others. He's got a sort of moustache, spectacles and wavy dark brown hair. He usually wears a jacket and sometimes a suit. He's very smart and takes notes all the time. He's also very serious and determined to learn as much as possible. He asks quite difficult questions but he doesn't mean to be nasty.David: Well, thanks, Barbara. It's all up to me now, isn't it? Have a good holiday, won't you? Barbara: Thanks.David: Bye.Practice 3:1. Pedro sleeps only six hours a night. He goes to school full-time and works part-time in the afternoons. At night he plays soccer or basketball. He's seldom tired and his favorite way to relax is to jog two or three miles.What kind of person is Pedro?2. Mr. Miller was teaching his fourth grade class how to divide. The students didn't understand. He had to repeat his lesson and explain the idea more slowly. Over the next few days he explained and explained the lesson until almost the whole class understood and knew how to divide.What kind of teacher is Mr. Miller?3. People in the High Street neighborhood don't buy their fruits and vegetables in the supermarket. They buy them from Mr. Smith's truck. Y ou can trust Mr. Smith. He never tries to sell any bad or unripe fruit. His prices are fair.What kind of person is Mr. Smith?4. Jake and Charles ran into the classroom. Each one saw the chair he wanted to sit on. Unfortunately, it was the same chair. They both sat down at the same time. Each of them had half a chair. Charles said he was there first and tried to push Jake off the chair. Jake said he was first. Both boys refused to move."All right, boys," said the teacher. "If you won't move, then you can sit like that for the whole period." Jake and Charles sat like that for the whole period until the bell rang. When they stood up they were stiff and sore."I don't care," said Jake. "I was there first."What kind of person is Jake?5. Room 46A at Travis High School was always the dirtiest room in the school. Many of thestudents threw paper on the floor. One day, Mrs. Duke had an idea. She fastened a basketball hoop over the wastebasket. Now the students love to practice throwing their paper into the basket. When they miss, they pick the paper up and try again. And that was the end of the problem.What kind of person is Mrs. Duke?Practice four:A number of visitors to the UK, who had traveled throughout the British Isles, were asked by a newspaper reporter what their impressions of the British people were. Here's a brief summary of what they thought.There were many different opinions among those interviewed: Some were very flattering, others very critical. The distinction between the English and the British wasn't always understood, but, on the whole, it seemed that the Scots were very popular with visitors. They were thought to be very friendly, even though one Dutch visitor confessed she'd found it hard to understand their English.A great number found the British generally reserved, particularly the English, although one Australian visitor called the English "the friendliest people in the world and most hospitable". But she did admit that speaking the same language was a great help.Some Asian businessmen, who had traveled widely throughout England, said quite openly that they found North country people "much nicer" than people in the South. When asked what exactly they meant by "much nicer", one of them said, with a playful smile on his face, "By muc h nicer I mean much more like us!"A few continentals praised "English courtesy", but the majority found it dishonest and dull. "Y ou're forever saying 'please' and 'sorry' when you don't feel pleased or sorry," one explained.A young student from South Africa had no views on the matter. He hadn't met any Englishmen, he said. The country appeared to be full of foreigners like himself.Part four Testing yourselfSection two:Tom; oh, that Mr. Taylor. He is so boring!Mother; what do you mean?Tom: his less ons put me to sleep. And he’s so quick-tempered, mum.Mother: quick-tempered? Mr. Taylor? Are you sure darling?Tom: yes, he gets angry very quickly.Mother; that doesn’t sound like Mr. Taylor at all!Tom: and do you know, he spends all the time looking at his reflection in the window, admiring himself.Mother: really/. And why does he do that/Tom: because he’s vain, that’s why! And conceited. He thinks he knows everything.Mother; oh, Tom. Be reasonable. I’m sure you’re exaggerating. Mr. Taylor seems suc h a nice, kind man.Tom: well, he isn’t. he is mean and cruel.Mother; cruel/ no how can a foreign teacher be cruel/Tom: because he only gave me two out of ten points in my history test.Mother: oh, now I understand. Tom, I think you’d better get on with your homework.Unit 2Practice oneAt one time animals and people lived together in peace and talked with each other. But when mankind began to multiply rapidly, the animals were crowded into forests and deserts.Man began to destroy many animals for their skins and furs instead of only for food. Animals became angry at this treatment by man and decided that mankind must be punished.The animals held a meeting, but they could not decide how to punish mankind. Finally the animals agreed that because deer were the animals most often killed by man, deer should decide how man should be punished.Deer decided that any Indian hunters who killed deer without asking pardon in a suitable manner would be made to suffer with painful stiffness in their bodies. After this decision was made, the leader of the deer sent a message to the nearest people, the Cherokee Indians. "From now on, your hunters must first offer a prayer to the deer before killing him. You must ask his pardon, telling the deer you are forced to kill him only because your people are hungry and need meat. Otherwise, a terrible disease will come to you."The spirits of the deer would run to the place where a deer had been killed and these spirits would ask the dead deer, "Did you hear the hunter's prayer for pardon?" If the answer was "yes", the spirits would be satisfied. But, if the answer was "no", then the deer spirits would track down the hunter to his house and strike him with the terrible disease of stiffness in his body, making him crippled so that he could not hunt deer again.Soon all of the animals agreed that this was a fair and just punishment. Each type of animal decided that they would also cause a disease in people who mistreated them.When the friendly plants of the world heard what the animals had decided as punishment for mankind, the plants decided that this punishment was too harsh. They had a meeting of their own. Finally they decided that each type of plant should provide a cure for one of the diseases which animals had caused for mankind.This was the beginning of plant medicines from nature among the Cherokee Indians a long, long time ago.PRACTICE 3:Every March, a flock of buzzards returns to the town of Hinkley, Ohio. No one really knows how long this event has taken place, but according to local legend the annual buzzard migration began nearly 200 years ago with a massacre."The first legend of buzzards in Hinkley, Ohio, goes back to the Great Hinkley Hunt on December 24, Christmas Eve, in 1818. The local settlers deciding that the township needed to be made safe for their livestock, gathered together about 400 men and boys, with guns and clubs and completely surrounded the township of Hinkley." As the story goes, the townsfolk began marching toward the center of town, drivingall the game in front of them, and killing virtually every wild animal they encountered."The settlers took some of the deer and the wild turkeys for the holiday dinners, but left all of the other dead animals out in the snow. When spring came, the remaining dead animals attracted many buzzards, and since 1819 they've been coming back here in March."Hinkley locals have come to appreciate the buzzards' annual return. In mid-March, on Buzzard Sunday, they celebrate the birds' arrival with costumes, exhibits and songs. PRACTICE 4:Almost seven centuries ago, in Central Asia, there lived a great king called Tamerlane. He was a mighty, powerful, conquering soldier, and his greatest ambition was that one day he would rule a massive empire stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. He made his imperial capital in the oasis city of Samarkand, which he planned to make the most beautiful city on earth. Many magnificent mosques were built and they were decorated with exquisite blue ceramic tiles on the outside, and with pure gold on the inside.Tamerlane, like the great oriental king that he was, had many wives, including a Chinese girl called Bibi Khanym. Now Bibi Khanym was the most beautiful of all Tamerlane's wives, and she was also the youngest. She was his favorite wife and was deeply in love with him.In order to demonstrate her great love of Tamerlane, she decided to build a magnificent mosque to honor him, while he was away fighting in a distant war. She engaged the best architect, who designed for her the most magnificent mosque you could imagine. And then she found the best master builder, who began work immediately. But as the weeks and months passed by, the master builder began to fall in love with Bibi Khanym. She resisted all his advances, but at last he threatened to leave the mosque unfinished unless she allowed him to kiss her just once. Bibi Khanym wanted the beautiful mosque finished more than anything else. She wasexpecting Tamerlane to return any day. So at last she agreed to let the master builder kiss her, just once.But that was her terrible mistake, for so powerful was the master builder's love for Bibi Khanym that when he kissed her he left a permanent mark on her face.King Tamerlane returned and saw the guilty mark on his wife's face. The master builder was executed immediately, and then, thinking that a woman's beauty can be a dangerous thing, Tamerlane ordered that from that day on all the women in the kingdom should never be seen in public without a veil to cover their face.PART FOURSection 1long long ago, there was a pretty girl named "Red Riding Hood" becasuuse she was always wearing a red hood. One day her mother asked her to take some snacks to her grandmother because her grandmother was ill. Her mother told her, “Don’t hang around on your way. Don’t leave the main road.”On her way, she saw a wolf. The wolf asked her where she was going and she told him that she was going to her grandmother’s hous. The wolf thought to himself how delicious she would taste. Red Riding Hood danced in the woods, picking flowers for her grandmother and forgetting what her mother had said to her.The wolf went to the grandmother’s house and ate up the poor lady. Then he waited in the bed for Red Riding Hood.As Red Riding Hood came into the grandmother’s house, she found her grandmother looked rather strange with very large ears, eyes, hands and mouth. And suddenly the wolf jumped out fo the bed and devoured the little girl.At that time, a hunter passed the house and heard loud snores made by the wolf. He went in and carefully cut the wolf’s stomach open because she thought the wolf probably eaten the grandmother. Then both little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother escaped from the wolf’s stomach. After that, Red Riding Hood remembered the importance of the mother’s words and never left the main road again.SECTION 2Moon was sad. She had spent many years looking at the people on Earth and she saw that they were afraid. They were afraid of dying. To make them feel better she decided to call on her friend Spider to take a message to them."Spider", She said, "The people of Earth are afraid of dying and that makes me very sad. Please tell them that they will all die sooner or later but it is nothing to be scared of."So Spider slowly made his way back to Earth, carefully picking his way down on moonbeams and sunbeams. On his way he met Hare."Where are you going Spider?", said Hare."I am going to give the people of Earth a message from Moon.", he said."Oh, you'll be far too long. Tell me the message and I'll take it there for you", replied Hare."OK! Moon wants the people of Earth to know that they will all die......", Spider started."Right! Tell the people of Earth that they will all die", said Hare. And with that, Hare disappeared off to Earth.Spider gloomily made his way back to Moon and told Her what had happened. Moon was very cross with Hare and when he came back to tell them that he had given them the message, she hit him on the nose! And that is why to this day, the Hare has a split lip."Y ou had better take the message yourself", said Moon to Spider.And to this day, Spider is still carefully carrying Moon's message and spinning the web in the corner of our rooms - but how many of us listen?SECTION 3:We don’t often know how a word or a legend associated with that word started; however, in the case of the American “cowboy”we do. The cowboy legend began in 1867 when the first transcontinental railroad was being built across the American West.A branch line of the new railroad went to Abilene, Kansas. In Abilence, a 29-year-old cattle merchant, Joseph McCoy, had a plan that made him a millionaire and put his name in dictionaries. His plan was simple. He knew that in the high grasslands of southern Texas ther were large herds of cattle. If these cattle could be brought to Abilene, they could be put on trains and shipped to cities in the North and East, where they would bring good prices. He bought a lot of land close to the railroad in Abilene, where cattle could be kept before being shipped, and put his plan into action.McCoy advertised for ranchers and cow-handlers to bring their herds of cattle to his new railway cattle yard in Abilene. He offered $40 for each of the cattle, ten times more than anyone else did. One hundred days after his offer was made, the first herds arrived from the South. Each heard had two or three thousand cattle in it. In the next four years, McCoy shipped more than tow million cattle to the North and East. He soon became a millionaire.McCoy referred to the men bringing the cows to Abilene as “cowboys”. Soon there were at least 5,000 cowboys bringing cattle up to Kansas from Texas. Because the camera had recently been developed, many photos were taken of the cowboys and their long trips with the cattle. These photos were published in eastern newspapers and the cowboy became an Americans folk hero. Soon writers, such as Zane Gray, were writing books about the cowboys and their adventures. Thus the legend of the cowboy grew and developed into the 20th century.Unit 3Practice 1I took a trip recently into the heart of the Amazon Basin where one of the big issues facing our planet stands out: the balance between economic development and the conservation of natural resources. There is strong pressure in the country to harvest natural riches for short-term financial gains. Then there is intense international concern about the control of such development. The problem, of course, is that this is a one-way street. Rapid development, and wholesale harvesting of timber, oil, and the like, will soon lead to the Amazon desert, which would mean the extinction of halfour planet's animal and plant species and the depletion of much of the oxygen we breathe. This clearly impacts every one of us.The local people of the Amazon understand the delicate balance of nature. They've survived for thousands of years by making good use of it, not abusing it??something we can all learn from. And now tourism is playing a positive role in the equation. Travelers from more developed countries are increasingly interested in the natural world. As a result, they are fueling a boom in eco-tourism. This is in turn bringing valuable income into the region, raising awareness of critical issues and helping slow down the otherwise uncontrollable developmentPractice two:It isn't strictly true that one half of the world is rich and the other half is poor. It is one-third that is very rich and two-thirds that are very poor. People in the rich third don't realize the enormous difference between them and the other two-thirds. A very simple example is that a dog or a cat in North America eats better than a child in many of the poorer countries. A fisherman in South America may be catching fish which are processed into pet food and yet his own children are not getting enough protein for their bodies to develop properly. Although a lot of the world's natural resources come from these poorer countries, people in the richer countries are probably using much more of these resources than people in Asia or Africa. The richer countries are in a position to dictate to suppliers what kind of prices they are prepared to pay for these natural resources. In some cases the prices have gone down. In others they have remained steady. But the prices the richer countries get for their own exports have continued to rise. So, they are getting richer and richer, and the poorer countries are getting poorer and poorer.Practice 3:I kept seeing the news pictures in my mind. What could I do? I was only a pop singer --- and by now not a very successful pop singer. All I could do was make records which no one bought. But I would do that, I would give all the profits of the next Rats record to Oxfom. What good would that do? It would only be a little money but it was more than I could give just from my bank account. Maybe some people would buy it because the profits were for Oxfam. And I would be protesting about this disaster. But that was not enough.Practice 4:Marsha and Ed Gibson are sitting at the kitchen table. Ed is nervous and upset, andhe's smoking. Marsha's eyes are red. She looks tired. Their children, two boys, eight and ten, are sitting with them. Tony and George know that their parents are having problems. Now, their parents are telling the boys that they're going to get a divorce. Their mother is talking first. She's telling them that she loves them and their father loves them, too. But she and their father are having problems. They aren't going tolive together as a family anymore. It has nothing to do with the boys. The boys are going to live with her. They're going to stay in the same house, go to the same school, and be with all their friends.Now, their father is talking. He's going to leave the house this weekend. He's not going to move far away; he's going to be in the next town. Two weekends a month, the boys are going to stay with him. And, they're going to be with him one month in the summertime. He'll take his vacation then and they'll go to the beach. The boys can call him anytime. He's going to be nearby. It'll be better this way.Tony and George don't really understand what's happening. On the one hand, they know that their parents aren't happy. On the other hand, they want everyone to stay together.Section 2:Last month, the Wilsons went to Green Trees Park. Jim and Sally sat under the trees and talked and read. The children played ball.Sally decided to take a picture of the chidren. She took her camera and walked over to them. She focused her camera. Then, she heard a scream. Sally looked up. A man was stealing a woman’s purse. He was running in her direction.Sally thought fast. She took three pictures of the man. When the police came, she gave them the film.The next day, one of Sally’s photography was in the newspaper. Under it was the story of the robbery. In a few hours, the police knew the man’s name and address. They went to his house and arrested him. The man is now serving three months in jail.Section 3:In many countries in the process of industrializat ion, overcrowded cities become a major problem. Poor conditions in these cities, such as lack of housing, inadequate means of keeping places clean and healthy and lack of employment, bring about an increase in poverty, disease and crime.The over-population of towns is mainly caused by the drift of large numbers of people from the rural areas. These people have become dissatisfied with the traditional life of farming and have come to the towns hoping for better work and pay.One possible solution to the problem would be to impose registration on town residents. Only officially registered inhabitants would be allowed to live in the towns and the urban population would thus be limited. In practice, however, this causes a great deal of resentment, which would ultimately lead to violence.The only long-term solution is to make life in the rural areas more attractive, which would encourage people to stay there. This could be achieved by rewarding people for going and working in the villages. Facilities in the rural areas, such as transport, health and educaiton services, should be improved. Educaiton should include training in improved methods of farmingand other rural industries, so as to foster a more positive attitude to rural life. The improvement of life in the villages is doubly important, because the towns themselves cannot be developed without the development of the rural areas.Unite 4Practice 1W: Look. Here's a job that might interest you.M: What is it? Are you sure? The last job interview you sent me off to was a disaster.W: Well, look. It says they want a sales manager, and it looks like it's a big international company.That'd be good. You might get to travel.M: What kind of company is it, though?W: Um, let's see. Yes, it's a textile company that seems to import from abroad. They say the salary is really good. They operate a system of paying you a basic salary and then offering you a sales commission on top of that. They say it is high. And oh, look! They give you a car to travel round in. That's not bad, is it?M: Um, do they say anything about experience?W: Um, let's see. No, they want someone young with ambition and enthusiasm. Oh yes, they want graduates, so that's OK. You've been to university. Now what else? Let's see.M: There must be some catch.W: No, the only thing is you have to travel, but then that's what the company car's for. Oh, and you have to be able to get on well with other people because it says you have to be good on a team. M: Um, perhaps I'll have a closer look at that one.Practice 2W: Now what do you want to see me about, Janet?J: Well, I have a few questions I'd like to ask you, Mr. Womack. Can you give me some information about secretarial jobs?W: Yes, of course. First, let me get your file out. Now you're 16, aren't you?J: That's right.W: Well, what would you like to know?J: About the opportunities in general and the basic training, and things like typing speed and shorthand speed.W: Before we go any further, Janet, when you said secretarial work, did you only mean typing or more general things?J: Well, I suppose I'd have to start as a word processor operator, wouldn't I?W: If you left school at sixteen, yes. But if you wanted to have a better chance of getting a more interesting secretarial job more quickly, it would be better if you stayed on and took A levels.According to your file, your English is good, and you've done French and economics, haven't you?J: Yes, they're my best subjects. If I stayed, what A levels would I need to be a secretary?W: That depends, but those three subjects are all very suitable.J: And then I suppose I'd have to do a secretarial course, wouldn't I? Um, what sort of speed do they expect?W: I've got the typing speed here, I think. Oh, yes, it should be 65 words per minute.J: And would I have to learn shorthand?W: Yes, you would. You'd need a speed of 90 to 100 words a minute.J: Oh, it sounds a lot, doesn't it? Would I have a chance to use my French?W: Oh, yes, if you were a secretary with languages.J: What sort of work would I have to do?W: Well, you'd have to translate letters, of course, but you'd also have to answer the phone to foreign callers and interpret if foreign visitors came to the firm. It would be useful if youlearned a second foreign language. That would help a lot.J: I think I'd like a job like that. But I'd better go away and think about it. You see, well, after all, two more years at school is a long time, isn't it?。

第一单元，羞怯的痛苦1 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。

各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。

羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们显而易见地关注自己的外表和举止。

脑海中不断地盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法: 我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。

我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。

2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人们产生不利的影响。

一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。

通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。

例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强的自尊心的人往往表现自信。

由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励使自己感觉良好。

自信者热情地自发地投身生活。

他们不因别人认为他们―该‖做什么而受到影响。

有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。

相反，他们认为批评是一种要他们改进的建议。

3 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。

他们(是否)在做―该做的事情‖需要得到别人的肯定。

害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评却好证实了他们比别人差。

他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。

羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：―你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。

我知道这不是真的。

‖显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利的、有害的。

4 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。

由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的优点还有弱点非常重要。

例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。

如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。

人们对自己的期望必须与现实相符。

老是想那些不可能的事情会觉得自己能力差，甚至产生嫉妒。

当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我毁灭。

unit1看待生活的两种方式你的生活态度是你个人人生观的深刻体现。

（让我们）更仔细地看一下二者的关系。

你是个悲观主义者，还是个乐观主义者？你看待（生活）的方式确实影响着你的生活态度，你清楚吗？请记住：改变了你的人生观，就改变了你的生活态度。

1 父亲低头年看着小床里睡得正熟的女儿，女儿出生没几天，刚从医院回家。

她的漂亮和完美使他心中充满了敬畏和感激。

2 这时孩子睁开了眼睛，直直地向上方望着。

3 父亲叫她的名字，期待着她转头看他。

她的眼睛却一动不动。

4 他拿起系在婴儿床围栏上的小绒毛玩具摇起来，玩具上的响铃发出叮叮当当的声音。

孩子的眼睛还是一动不动。

5 他的心跳开始加速。

他在卧室里找到了妻子并把刚刚发生的事告诉了她。

“她似乎对声音毫无反应，”他说。

“好像她根本听不到。

”6 “我敢肯定她一切正常，”妻子说着，一边披上晨衣。

他们一起走进了婴儿的房间。

7 她叫着孩子的名字，把铃摇得叮当响，还拍手。

随后她把孩子抱起来，这时孩子一下子变得活泼起来并发出开心的声音。

8 “天哪，”父亲说，“她是个聋子。

”9 “不，不会的，”母亲说。

“我是说，现在这么说太早了。

你看，她刚出生不久，视线还不能集中呢。

”10 “可是刚才你那么用力地拍手，她都没有一点反应。

”11 母亲从书架上拿了一本书。

“让我们看看这本育儿书上怎么说，”她说道。

她查到“听觉”栏，大声读道：“‘如果你的新生儿听到响声不吃惊，或者不会朝向发出声音的方向，不必慌张。

因为对声音的反应通常要过一段时间才会出现。

你的儿科医生可以从神经系统方面对孩子的听觉进行测试。

’”12 “瞧，”母亲说道，“这是不是让你感觉好多了？”13 “没好多少，”父亲说。

“书里甚至都没提还有另一种可能性，那就是孩子是聋子。

我只知道我的宝贝什么也听不见。

我有一种最可怕的预感。

也许这是因为我的祖父就是聋子的原因。

如果我们漂亮的小宝贝真是聋子而且是我这一方的原因，我将永远无法原谅自己。

”14 “嗨，等等，”妻子说。

Unit 10Part OneGrandpa: Now that it's the weekend, what are you going to do, Robbie?Robbie: There's a concert I want to go to tonight.Grandpa: What kind of concert? I mean what kind of music will be played? Classical music, pop music or what?Robbie: Oh, rock music, of course. All the singers are so cool. There is so much feeling to all the songs. It's fantastic!Grandpa: Oh, dear me, rock music! Noisy! To me, it isn't music at all. It's terrible rubbish. And why is it always so loud? It's deafening. How can you stand it?Robbie: Oh, Grandpa, you'll never understand how wonderful it is. When you were my age, life was so slow-paced and peaceful, but now there is so much competition. We have so much pressure and we need to release it. Maybe loud and noisy music is a good way for us to do that.Phillip: Robbie, you don't have time to spend on it. You really should spend more time on your studies. Your final exams are just around the corner. You should concentrate on them.Robbie: Dad, life is not only about studying, and I'm not a machine. I've gotta have some fun. Studying all the time is boring.Grandpa: How can you say that? You're really lucky to have the chance to study at university. When I was your age, I dreamt of going to university, but my family was too poor to afford it. I had lots of brothers, and sisters, and cousins, and so on. Life at that time was not as comfortable as it is now, we didn't...Robbie: Yes, you didn't have enough to eat. That's what you always say. You've told me time and time again. But things are different now. It's the 21st century. I don't think you should always dwell on the past. I don't want to just be a bookworm. I need more freedom.Phillip: Freedom! What do you mean by freedom? Don't you realize how fierce the competition is in modern society? You have to prepare yourself to meet the future. You can't afford to waste your time on meaningless things.Robbie: But Dad, why do you think rock music is a meaningless thing? You need to learn more about the new things in life and keep up with the times. I want to have a totally different life than yours. I need pop music and excitement. The world is more exciting now. Why can't we enjoy this exciting life? We don't have to have the same interests. You really don't understand me. Grandpa: Oh, Robbie! Listen to me. Your dad loves you and wants you to be successful. Robbie: Anyway, I have a date with a girl tonight and we're going to go watch the concert together. I'm really looking forward to it.Phillip: You have a girlfriend? Who is she? How did you meet each other?Robbie: We met on the Net. We've been talking to each other for two months now about the things we like and don't like.Grandpa: It's unbelievable, Robbie. You met a girl on the Net, but you've never met her in person. How do you know you'll like her?Robbie: We've been chatting online for two months now—talking about our likes and dislikes. I think we understand each other very well. Modern people often fall in love on the Net these days. It's not unusual.Grandpa: I just can't imagine it. How can you understand each other? Maybe I'm too old now. There are so many new things I don't understand.Phillip: Maybe we all need to adapt to the changing world. But, Robbie, you also need to listen to what we have been saying.Robbie: OK, Dad, Grandpa. I'll make a compromise with you. I'll go to the concert tonight, but I'll study all weekend. I have to go now. It's getting late. I won't be able to meet my girlfriend. So see you later. Bye.Phillip: That's the younger generation these days, isn't it? It's just not the same.Grandpa: Don't worry, Phillip. When you were that age, I remember you kept complaining about my interference with your freedom. So let it be. I'm sure Robbie will come to understand us later. Exercise 21.F 2,,F 3.T 4.F 5.T .F 7.T 8.TExercise 3terrible rubbish deafening stand 2.slow-paced peaceful 3.concentrate on them 4.dreamt of afford 5.dwell on the past more freedom 6.keep up with totally different 7.have a date 8.on the Net not unusual 9.we have been saying 10.kept complaining let it bePart TwoListening II was born across the street from the public library, and in my memory it remains my favorite spot in my hometown. When I was six I learned to read. From the beginning, language seemed like magic to me. Recently I read that Freud said, "Words and magic were in the beginning one and the same thing, and even today words retain much of their magical power."During the Christmas season of 1927, when I was a sophomore in high school, I hung out in the street with other kids of my age. The weather was so harsh we played indoors, and after swimming and running and tumbling, we became bored. I suggested we hold a contest to see who could keep a diary the longest. My challenge was accepted by two of my friends. One wrote his diary for two weeks, the other three months, and here I am, still writing mine when I am 50. It has taught me that one way to find the truth is to tell the truth.Questions:1. What is the speaker's favorite spot in his hometown?2. When did the speaker learn to read?3. Why did the speaker play indoors during the Christmas season of 1927?4. How long has the speaker been writing his diary?5. What has the speaker learned from writing his diary?Exercise 11.B2.A3.B4.C5.BExercise 21.T2.F3.T4.F5.FListening IIOn Agingby Maya AngelouWhen you see me sitting quietly,Like a sack left on the shelf,Don't think I need your chattering.I'm listening to myself.Hold! Stop! Don't pity me!Hold! Stop your sympathy!Understanding if you got it,Otherwise I'll do without it!When my bones are stiff and achingAnd my feet won't climb the stair,I will only ask one favor:Don't bring me no rocking chair.When you see me walking, stumbling,Don't study and get it wrong.'Cause tired don't mean lazyAnd every goodbye ain't gone.I'm the same person I was back then,A little less hair, a little less chin,A lot less lungs and much less wind.But ain't I lucky I can still breathe in.quietly 2.myself 3.pity 4.sympathy 5.Understanding 6.favor 7.rocking 8.wrong 9.tired zy 11.same 12.luckyPart ThreePractice OneA teacher, a petty thief and a lawyer all died and went to the pearly gates. Because of crowding, St. Peter told them they had to pass a test before ascending any further. Addressing the teacher, he asked, "What was the name of the famous ship that hit an iceberg and sank?""The Titanic," she answered, and St. Peter motioned her into heaven.The thief was next. "How many people died on that ship?" St. Peter asked."Gee, that's tough," the man replied. "But luckily I just saw the movie. The answer is 1,500." St. Peter let him through.Then St. Peter turned to the lawyer, "Name them."Exercise 1 the ship2.number of people/passengerss of the people/passengersExercise 21.N2.F3.T4.F5.TPractice Two(The following is a short radio drama concerning two friends, David and John, who both play on a football team.)David: I am back from the doctor. He told me I was going to die next week.John: Oh, that seems impossible, David. You are in such good health.Narrator: David takes from his pocket a medical certificate and shows it to his friend. Afterreading it, John realizes the doctor is right. He tries to reassure his friend, but also asks David to promise to send news as soon as he arrives in Paradise. One week later, as the doctor said, David dies. A month goes past without news, then two. At last, after three months, David calls his friend. John: Hello, how are you, David?David: Fine, thanks. I've got good news and bad news, John.John: I'd rather you would begin first with the good news.David: OK, listen. In Paradise, everything is marvelous. The sun shines all the time and people are so lovely. And, if you may remember, I played on a little team down there but here I play with the best players. Also, I am sure you have never seen such a big football stadium. Angels and God are our public. You know, it is really marvelous.John: Oh, yes. It sounds wonderful. I am really happy for you. BUT you haven't told me the bad news, David.David: Ah yes, my friend. Your name is marked on the notice board. You are going to play in two weeks.Statements:1. David and John are both football players.2. John thinks that David is joking when David says he is going to die.3. John doesn't believe what David has told him until he goes to the doctor and sees the medical certificate.4. David promises to send good news to John from Heaven to relieve his sorrow.5. It is not until two months after David dies that John gets a call from David.6. David tells John that life in Heaven is pleasant and people there are friendly.7. David tells John that Angels and God all like to play football.8. We can infer from the drama that John will die soon.Exercise 11.T2.T3.F4.F5.F6.T7.F8.TExercise 2marvelous 2.shines 3.lovely 4.little dream 5. the best players 6.football stadium 7.public 9.notice board 10.in two weeksPractice ThreeSpeaker A:Actually it was one of the first lessons I'd ever taught. I had this beginners' class, and I'd noticed that everything I wrote down on the blackboard they'd copy down into their books. So we were doing the days of the week, and I wrote them all up on the board and I decided to write an eighth day and called it "my day", and sure enough there were some who diligently wrote it down.I then tried to convince them that in Australia we had eight days a week, but they didn't fall for that one.Speaker B:I’ve always been interested in psychology and I decided to try out an experiment of my own.I had this advanced class and I wanted to do a lesson on speech and silence. The idea was that I’d go in the class, sit down and say nothing and then see how long it would take for someone in the class to say something. Then the students would be able to compare what they’d been thinking during this silence, plus a general discussion on how silence can be embarrassing, and also whypeople find it difficult or are reluctant to say something when they don’t understand what is going on. The fact is that I fell asleep; this was the last lesson of the day and I hadn’t slept much the night before.Exercise 11.beginners’2.copy down3.days of the week4.an eighth/8 th day5.sure enough6.convince7.Australia8.that oneExercise 21.F2.T3.F4.F5.TPractice FourImagine life as a game in which you are juggling some five balls in the air. You name them—work, family, health, friends and spirit and you're keeping all of these in the air. You will soon understand that work is a rubber ball. If you drop it, it will bounce back. But the other four balls—family, health, friends and spirit—are made of glass. If you drop one of these, they will be irrevocably scuffed, marked, nicked, damaged or even shattered. They will never be the same.You must understand that and strive for balance in your life. How?Don't undermine your worth by comparing yourself with others. It is because we are different and each of us is special.Don't set your goals by what other people deem important. Only you know what is best for you.Don't take for granted the things closest to your heart. Cling to them as they would be your life. For without them, life is meaningless.Don't let your life slip through your fingers by living in the past or for the future. By living your life one day at a time, you live all the days of your life.Don't give up when you still have something to give. Nothing is really over until the moment you stop trying.Don't be afraid to encounter risks. It is by taking chances that we learn how to be brave.Don't shut love out of your life by saying it's impossible to find time. The quickest way to receive love is to give; the fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly; and the best way to keep love is to give it wings.Don't be afraid to learn. Knowledge is weightless, a treasure you can always carry easily.Don't use time or words carelessly. Neither can be retrieved.Life is not a race, but a journey to be savored each step of the way.Exercise 11.work family health friends spirit2.work bounce back marked damaged Exercise 21.undermine your worth2.special3.set your goals4.take for granted5.meaningless6.slip through your fingers7.all the days8.give up9.stop crying 10.encounter risks 11.to be brave 12.shut 13.give 14.hold 15.wings 16.learn 17.treasure 18.retrieved 19.race 20.journeyPart FourSection 1Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States,and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. "He who dies rich, dies disgraced," he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie Mellon University. Other generous gifts he gave to society are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today. Questions:1. What is the key to Carnegie's success in his business?2. According to Carnegie, what should the wealthy do?3. What did Carnegie do with his wealth?4. What is the total amount of money Carnegie donated to library establishment?5. Which of the following statements in NOT true for Carnegie?1.D2.B3.D 4,C 5,ASection IIHost: Hello, Ladies and Gentlemen. It gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today's plenary address, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our aging society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller...Dr. Miller: Thank you for that introduction. Today, I'd like to begin my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights our common concerns that bring us here. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he told of how he had built their home himself from the beginning to the very end. The prospect of having to sell it, give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely upsetting experience for them. He said that he felt they weren't considered important anymore.For them and some older Americans, their so-called "golden years" are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one's health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value only those things which are "new" or in fashion. I mean, how would your family react if you came home tonight, exclaiming, "Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!" Unfortunately, the word "old" raises images of the need to replace or discard.Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I'd like to focus my comments on an underlying issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with altering our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can and should play in our societies.1.C 2,B 3,D 4.A 5.BSection IIIA man once passed through a forest in Africa, walking at his leisure, smelling the flowers and admiring the beauty of the place. Suddenly he heard the sound of fast approaching danger that was loud and frightening. When he turned, it was to face a large lion rushing at him. The lion's thin waist made evident its hunger. With the lion chasing him, the man's heart nearly leaped out at the sight of it, and so he started to run for his life.The lion was about to catch up with him when the man came upon a well. Then with a mighty leap he jumped into the well and ended up dangling in the heart of the well hanging onto a rope.The lion's voice eventually quieted, but he soon heard the hissing of a snake that had a giant head and a long body which came from somewhere below him. Just as the man was thinking of what to do with the lion and the snake, a black mouse and a white one climbed up to where the rope was attached and started to nibble away at the rope.The man was shocked and so started to shake the rope, hoping to get rid of the mice. As he did so the rope began to swing and knocked him against the walls. The man felt something wet and sticky come into contact with his sides as he banged against the walls. The man licked the substance only to find that it was honey, the type made by bees in the forests and mountains. The honey was so sweet and delicious that he continued to lick it and forgot the situation he was in.Suddenly the man woke up. It was all just a horrible dream! So the man decided he should get his dream interpreted. He went to meet a knowledgeable scholar who was good at interpreting dreams. He told the scholar of his dream. The scholar laughed and said, "Don't you know its interpretation?"The man said he didn't. So the scholar replied, "The lion that was chasing you was the angel of death and the well with the snake in it was your grave and the two mice are the nights and the days that are passing in your life".The man asked, "And how about the honey?"The scholar replied, "That is the sweet taste of life that is distracting you and making you forget death."1.interpret2.forest3.flowers4.chased5.run6.catch7.jumped8.giant9.long 10.black 11.white 12.shaking 13.wet 14.sweet 15.delicious 16.angel 17.grave 18.nights 19.days 20.taste。

Unit 1Part oneListening IInterviewer: Angela, you were born in Korea but you've been living in Canada for a long time, haven't you?Angela: Yes, I was 10 years old when my parents immigrated to Canada and I've been living here for 20 years now.Interviewer: Do you think that belonging to two different cultures has affected your personality?Angela:Yes, definitely. There are times when I think that I have two personalities. Depending on where I am and who I'm with, I'm Korean or I'm Canadian. Interviewer: That sounds complicated. Could you explain what you mean? Angela: Well, growing up in Canada when I was going to high school, for example, I was known as Angela to the outside world, and as Sun-Kyung at home. I would wave hello to my teachers, but bow to my parents' Korean friends when they visited our home. Interviewer: Do different cultures have different ideas as to what is polite? Angela: Yes, definitely. In high school, I was expected to look straight in the eyes of my teachers and to talk openly with them. But when Koreans spoke to me, I was expected to look at my feet and to be shy and silent.Interviewer: Do you think that having two personalities makes you a richer person? Angela: Yes, but sometimes I don't know who I am.Exercise 1 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. TExercise 21) outside world 2) at home 3) wave hello 4) bow 5) look straight in the eyes of 6) openly 7) look at my feet 8) shy and silent Listening III am a very sensitive person, and that's good to a point. I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others are going through. But when you hurt, cry, or are unhappy for people you don't know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that's a little too sensitive. That's the way I am.I am a very independent person. I must do things for myself. I don't like people doing things for me, or helping me, or giving me things. It's not that I don't appreciate it, because I do. I just feel that when someone does something for you, you owe them, and if there is one thing I don't like to feel, it's that I owe anyone anything.I think I would be a good friend. I would do almost anything for someone I like, and would share or give anything I have. I'm very caring and understanding. People trust me with their secrets, and they're right for doing so because I never tell any secret that is told to me. I'm always there to help in any way that I can. All you have to do is ask.I enjoy life and people, which makes me feel good. I find fun in almost everything I do (except housework). I like to watch people, talk to them, and be around them. It makes no difference whether I agree or disagree with what they feel, or how they live, or what they look like, or what age they are. I just enjoy learning and being aware of everything and everyone around me.Exercise 1 1. sensitive/ caring independent / understanding 2. good friend 3. life people 4. learning being awareExercise 2 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. BPart Three More ListeningPractice oneTom: Hey, Bill. Do you have any plans for this weekend?Bill: Yeah, Tom. Cindy and I are going ice-skating on Saturday.Tom: Oh.Bill: Why do you ask?Tom: Well, I thought you might want to come over and study for next week's chemistry test.Bill: Study?! No way. Hey, what if I try to fix you up with Cindy's sister, Kristi. We could double-date. She's really outgoing, bright, and funny too.Tom: Hey, I still remember the girl you fixed me up with last time. She was very moody and self-centered. She couldn't stop talking about how great she was. I'm not sure if I can trust you, "Mr. Matchmaker".Bill: Oh come on. So I made a mistake last time. Cindy's sister is really different. Tom: Well, what does she look like?Bill: Ah. Looks aren't important. She has a wonderful personality.Tom: Right.Bill: Okay. She has long wavy blond hair and blue eyes. She's of medium height, just a little shorter than you are.Tom: Go on.Bill: She has a great figure, a nice complexion, and she has a sexy voice. Oh, and she hasa tattoo of an eagle on her arm.Tom: A what?Bill: No, just kidding. By the way, she was the runner-up in the Miss California Beauty Pageant two years ago. Well, you're probably not interested.Tom: No, wait!Bill: Ah, just forget I ever mentioned it.Tom: No, I'm interested!Exercise 1 1. ice-skating 2. chemistry 3. outgoing bright funny 4. moody self-centered 5. wavy blond medium height 6. unner-upExercise 2 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6 TPractice twoDavid:Barbara, before you go, could you tell me about these students that are coming into my class?Barbara: Oh, yes. Now, let me think, well, there's...er...Paul. He's a tall, slim lad with fair hair. Very friendly face, lovely smile... He's particularly good with group activities, and he's a very helpful person to have in the class and very helpful with the other students. He speaks fluently, but does make a lot of mistakes! He doesn't seem to mind making mistakes. He asks a lot of questions...er...he tends to speak first and think later. But he's got lots of interesting ideas.David: Good.Barbara: Ah...Susan...Susan. Now, she's very lively, quick, and very bright. She talks all the time but not always in English.David: What? Is she difficult or anything?Barbara: No...she's quite young but she does behave in quite a grown-up way really for her age. It can be a bit difficult to actually shut her up sometimes and make her listen to you.David: Ah, right.Barbara: She's very nice. She has dark hair and dark eyes.David: Right, well...are there any other girls in the class?Barbara: Yes, there is Maria. She's Susan's sister.David: Yes.Barbara: Actually it's quite difficult to tell them apart although...er... Maria is slightly older. She's a bit plumper and has longer hair than Susan. She's not quite as bright as her sister and I think that makes her feel a bit inferior really. Well, you know, she sulks a bit when she gets things wrong or she misunderstands you. But on the whole, a very sensible girl. David: OK.Barbara: And then there's Peter, who's older than the others. He's got a sort of moustache, spectacles and wavy dark brown hair. He usually wears a jacket and sometimes a suit. He's very smart and takes notes all the time. He's also very serious and determined to learn as much as possible. He asks quite difficult questions but he doesn't mean to be nasty.David: Well, thanks, Barbara. It's all up to me now, isn't it? Have a good holiday, won't you?Barbara: Thanks.David: Bye.Exercise 1 1. Four 2. Colleagues 3. Teacher 4. Susan 5. Barbara\ Exercise 21) Paul D E J 2) Susan B F 3) Maria C H 4) Peter A G IPractice Three1. Pedro sleeps only six hours a night. He goes to school full-time and works part-time in the afternoons. At night he plays soccer or basketball. He's seldom tired and his favorite way to relax is to jog two or three miles.What kind of person is Pedro?2. Mr. Miller was teaching his fourth grade class how to divide. The students didn't understand. He had to repeat his lesson and explain the idea more slowly. Over the next few days he explained and explained the lesson until almost the whole class understood and knew how to divide.What kind of teacher is Mr. Miller?3. People in the High Street neighborhood don't buy their fruits and vegetables in the supermarket. They buy them from Mr. Smith's truck. You can trust Mr. Smith. He never tries to sell any bad or unripe fruit. His prices are fair.What kind of person is Mr. Smith?4. Jake and Charles ran into the classroom. Each one saw the chair he wanted to sit on. Unfortunately, it was the same chair. They both sat down at the same time. Each of them had half a chair. Charles said he was there first and tried to push Jake off the chair. Jake said he was first. Both boys refused to move."All right, boys," said the teacher. "If you won't move, then you can sit like that for the whole period." Jake and Charles sat like that for the whole period until the bell rang. When they stood up they were stiff and sore."I don't care," said Jake. "I was there first."What kind of person is Jake?5. Room 46A at Travis High School was always the dirtiest room in the school. Many of the students threw paper on the floor. One day, Mrs. Duke had an idea. She fastened a basketball hoop over the wastebasket. Now the students love to practice throwing their paper into the basket. When they miss, they pick the paper up and try again. And that was the end of the problem.What kind of person is Mrs. Duke?Exercise 1 1. Pedro energetic 2. Mr. Miller patient 3. Mr. Smith honest 4. Jake stubborn 5. Mrs. Duke creativePractice FourA number of visitors to the UK, who had traveled throughout the British Isles, were asked by a newspaper reporter what their impressions of the British people were. Here's a brief summary of what they thought.There were many different opinions among those interviewed: Some were very flattering, others very critical. The distinction between the English and the British wasn't always understood, but, on the whole, it seemed that the Scots were very popular with visitors. They were thought to be very friendly, even though one Dutch visitor confessed she'd found it hard to understand their English.A great number found the British generally reserved, particularly the English, although one Australian visitor called the English "the friendliest people in the world and most hospitable". But she did admit that speaking the same language was a great help. Some Asian businessmen, who had traveled widely throughout England, said quite openly that they found North country people "much nicer" than people in the South. When asked what exactly they meant by "much nicer", one of them said, with a playful smile on his face, "By much nicer I mean much more like us!"A few continentals praised "English courtesy", but the majority found it dishonest and dull. "You're forever saying 'please' and 'sorry' when you don't feel pleased or sorry," one explained.A young student from South Africa had no views on the matter. He hadn't met any Englishmen, he said. The country appeared to be full of foreigners like himself. Statements1. It was easy to tell the English from the British.2. Speaking the same language helped one Australian visitor a lot.3. By "much nicer", one of the visitors meant that the British people were more friendly than people of other countries.4. The majority of continentals thought highly of English manners.5. To the young student from South Africa, Britain seemed to have a lot of foreign visitors.Exercise 11) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) TExercise 21) flattering 2) critical 3) popular 4) reserved 5) EnglishPart Four Testing YourselfSection 1One day, when Mr. Smith came home from work, he found his wife very upset about something. Mr. Smith always thought that he was more sensible than his wife, so he started to give her a lecture on the importance of always remaining calm.Finally he said, "It's a waste of your strength to get excited about small things. Train yourself to be patient, like me. Now, look at the fly that has just landed on my nose. Am I getting excited or annoyed? Am I swearing or waving my arms around? No. I'm not. I'm perfectly calm."Just as he had said this, Mr. Smith started shouting. He jumped up and began to wave his arms around wildly and swear terribly. He couldn't speak for some time, but at last he was able to tell his wife: The thing on his nose was not a fly, but a bee.1) upset 2) sensible 3) lecture 4) calm 5) strength6) landed 7) waving 8) perfectly 9) wildly 10) beeSection IITom: Oh, that Mr. Taylor. He is so boring!Mother: What do you mean?Tom: His lessons put me to sleep. And he's so quick-tempered, Mum.Mother: Quick-tempered? Mr. T aylor? Are you sure darling?Tom: Yes, he gets angry very quickly.Mother: That doesn't sound like Mr. T aylor at all!Tom: And do you know, he spends all the time looking at his reflection in the window,admiring himself.Mother: Really? And why does he do that?Tom: Because he's vain, that's why! And conceited! He thinks he knows everything. Mother: Oh, Tom. Be reasonable. I'm sure you're exaggerating. Mr. T aylor seems such a nice, kind man.Tom: Well, he isn't. He is mean and cruel.Mother: Cruel? Now how can a history teacher be cruel?Tom: Because he only gave me two out of ten points in my history test.Mother: Oh, now I understand. T om, I think you'd better get on with your homework!1. B2. B3. D4. B5. D6. A7. C8. BSection II I(S1 = the first speaker; S2 = the second speaker; S3 = the third speaker; S4 = the fourth speaker)S1: In this week's edition of Up with People we went out into the streets and interviewed a number of people. We asked a question they just didn't expect. We asked them to be self-critical...to ask themselves exactly what they thought they lacked or—the other side of the coin—what virtues they had. Here is what we heard.S2: Well...I...I don't know really...it's not the sort of question you ask yourself directly. I know I'm good at my job... At least my boss considers me hard-working, conscientious, and efficient. I'm a secretary by the way. When I look at myself in a mirror as you sometimes do in the privacy of your own bedroom...or at your reflection in the shop windows as you walk up the street... Well...then I see someone a bit different. Yes...I'mdifferent in my private life. And that's probably my main fault I should say... I suppose I'm not coherent in my behavior. My office is always in order...but my flat! Well...you'd have to see it to believe it.S3: Well...I'm retired, you know. Used to be an army officer. And...I think I've kept myself...yes, I've kept myself respectable the whole of my life. I've tried to help those who depend on me. I've done my best. I am quite self-disciplined. Basically I'm a good guy, fond of my wife and family... That's me.S4: Well...when I was young I was very shy. At times I...I was very unhappy...especially when I was sent to boarding school at age seven. I didn't make close friends till later...till I was about...fifteen. Then I became quite good at being by myself. I had no one to rely on...and no one to ask for advice. That made me independent. My wife and I have two sons. We...we didn't want an only child because I felt...well I felt I'd missed a lot of things.1) secretary 2) hard-working 3) efficient 4) private 5) army officer 6) help 7) fond 8) independent 9) shy 10) fifteenUnit 2Part OneListening IMart Moody from Tupper Lake used to tell this tale. "I went out one day and there was a big flock of ducks out on Tupper Lake. And I had this good dog. I shot at the ducks, and then I sent the dog out there. She was heavy with pups at the time, and I didn't know whether I should send her out there. It was a cold day in the fall. Well, she took right off and away she went. But she didn't show up when it got dark. I began to worry about her.She was a good dog, a really good retriever. She'd get anything I shot at."So the next morning I woke up and I thought I'd better go and see if I could find her. And I got down to the shoreline of the lake and I looked out. Suddenly I saw something coming. It was this dog. She came into the shore! She had three ducks in her mouth. And behind her she had seven pups. And each of the pups had a duck in his mouth." Exercise 1 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. CExercise 2 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. TListening IIThere was an old man who had a daughter. He told his daughter that he had invited a preacher to his house. He said, "Daughter, I'm going down to the train to meet the Reverend, and I've roasted two ducks and left them there for him in the other room. Don't you touch them!" The daughter said, "No, I won't touch them." So her papa went to the train to meet the Reverend, and the girl began to taste the ducks. The ducks tasted so good that she kept on tasting them until she had eaten them all up, every bit of them.After the old man came back, he didn't even look in the place where he had left the ducks. He went directly into the other room to sharpen his knife on the oilstone so he could carve the ducks. The preacher was sitting in the room with the girl. She knew that her papa was going to punish her, and she started crying and shedding tears. The preacher asked, "What is the matter with you, girl?" She said, "Papa has this one bad fault: He invites preachers to his house and goes to sharpen his knife to cut off both their ears." And the Reverend asked, "What is that you say, daughter?" The girl said, "Yes, Papainvites preachers here all the time and cuts off both their ears." The preacher said, "Daughter, hand me my hat. Quick!" The girl gave him his hat and he ran out of the door quickly. The daughter called her papa and said, "Papa, the preacher got both the ducks and has gone." The old man ran to the door and yelled to the preacher, "Hey, where are you going in such a hurry? Come back here right now!" But the preacher just kept running and shouted back over his shoulder, "Damned if you'll get either one of these." Exercise 1 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. CExercise 2 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. FListening II IJack Storm was the local barrel maker and blacksmith of Thebes, Illinois. He had a cat that stayed around his shop. The cat was the best mouse catcher in the whole country, Jack said. He kept the shop free of rats and mice. But, one day, the cat got caught in a piece of machinery and got a paw cut off. After that, he began to grow weak and thin and didn't take any interest in anything, because he wasn't getting enough to eat. So, one day, Jack decided to make a wooden paw for the cat. He made it with his pocket knife and fastened it on the injured leg. After that, the cat began to grow sleek and fat again. Jack decided to stay at the shop one night to see how the cat managed with his wooden paw.After dark, the cat got down in front of a mouse hole and waited. Pretty soon a mouse peered out cautiously. Quick as a flash the cat seized it with his good paw and knocked it on the head with his wooden one. In no time, that cat had eighteen mice piled up in front of the mouse hole.Exercise 11) stayed around 2) mouse catcher 3) rats and mice 4) got a paw 5) weak and thin 6) make a wooden paw7) fastened it 8) grow sleek and fat 9) managed 10) peered out cautiously 11) seized it with 12) eighteen micePart Three More ListeningPractice oneKen: Hey, Josh. Where did you get those comic magazines?Josh: When I went home last weekend, I found these old Superman magazines that my older brother had bought many years ago.Ken: You don't have time to read old comics. Why did you bring them here?Josh: In my World Literature class we've been talking about the importance of myths, folk tales, and legends to cultures. We have to write a short paper on which legendary figure we think is the great American hero. I think it's Superman.Ken: Superman? Why? I think it's someone like Paul Bunyan, the giant woodsman, or Johnny Appleseed, who planted early apple trees in the Midwest. Superman is just a modern comic magazine character.Josh:When I saw these old comics, I started thinking that Superman represents a combination of cultural traditions and beliefs that have been told throughout our American history.Ken: How?Josh: Superman is an orphan who comes by rocket to Earth when his native planet explodes. He lands near a small town and is adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent, who teach him their American middle-class values of honesty, hard work and considerationfor others. As an adult, he migrates to a large city and defends Americans against evil. Ken: What else?Josh: Well, I was thinking about this and realized that he is a symbol of the American character because he is an immigrant. We Americans have come from somewhere else, too. My great grandparents came from Germany, and I know your grandparents came from Brazil. They all worked hard and succeeded.Ken: But how does that relate to Superman?Josh: He goes to the city, just as many immigrants did, works as a newspaper reporter. But his adopted parents' values of honesty, hard work and helpfulness are a part of him. He uses his super abilities to fight dishonesty and to help the victims of crime and injustice, meanwhile working hard at his newspaper job.Ken: I understand. As an orphan, Superman becomes a new person in a new land, just as our ancestors did, and succeeds. He also represents our values. Your paper should be interesting. I'd like to read it when it's finished.Josh: OK.Exercise 1 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. DExercise 2 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5.T 6 F 7. F 8.TPractice twoAt one time animals and people lived together in peace and talked with each other. But when mankind began to multiply rapidly, the animals were crowded into forests and deserts.Man began to destroy many animals for their skins and furs instead of only for food.Animals became angry at this treatment by man and decided that mankind must be punished.The animals held a meeting, but they could not decide how to punish mankind. Finally the animals agreed that because deer were the animals most often killed by man, deer should decide how man should be punished.Deer decided that any Indian hunters who killed deer without asking pardon in a suitable manner would be made to suffer with painful stiffness in their bodies. After this decision was made, the leader of the deer sent a message to the nearest people, the Cherokee Indians. "From now on, your hunters must first offer a prayer to the deer before killing him. You must ask his pardon, telling the deer you are forced to kill him only because your people are hungry and need meat. Otherwise, a terrible disease will come to you." The spirits of the deer would run to the place where a deer had been killed and these spirits would ask the dead deer, "Did you hear the hunter's prayer for pardon?" If the answer was "yes", the spirits would be satisfied. But, if the answer was "no", then the deer spirits would track down the hunter to his house and strike him with the terrible disease of stiffness in his body, making him crippled so that he could not hunt deer again. Soon all of the animals agreed that this was a fair and just punishment. Each type of animal decided that they would also cause a disease in people who mistreated them. When the friendly plants of the world heard what the animals had decided as punishment for mankind, the plants decided that this punishment was too harsh. They had a meeting of their own. Finally they decided that each type of plant should provide a cure for one of the diseases which animals had caused for mankind.This was the beginning of plant medicines from nature among the Cherokee Indians a long, long time ago.Exercise 1 1. C D J 2. A E G H 3. B F IExercise 2 1. A 2 .B 3. D 4.C 5. B 6. DPractice ThreeEvery March, a flock of buzzards returns to the town of Hinkley, Ohio. No one really knows how long this event has taken place, but according to local legend the annual buzzard migration began nearly 200 years ago with a massacre."The first legend of buzzards in Hinkley, Ohio, goes back to the Great Hinkley Hunt on December 24, Christmas Eve, in 1818. The local settlers deciding that the township needed to be made safe for their livestock, gathered together about 400 men and boys, with guns and clubs and completely surrounded the township of Hinkley."As the story goes, the townsfolk began marching toward the center of town, driving all the game in front of them, and killing virtually every wild animal they encountered. "The settlers took some of the deer and the wild turkeys for the holiday dinners, but left all of the other dead animals out in the snow. When spring came, the remaining dead animals attracted many buzzards, and since 1819 they've been coming back here in March."Hinkley locals have come to appreciate the buzzards' annual return. In mid-March, on Buzzard Sunday, they celebrate the birds' arrival with costumes, exhibits and songs. Exercise 1 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. AExercise 2 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6. TPractice FourAlmost seven centuries ago, in Central Asia, there lived a great king called T amerlane. He was a mighty, powerful, conquering soldier, and his greatest ambition was that one day he would rule a massive empire stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. He made his imperial capital in the oasis city of Samarkand, which he planned to make the most beautiful city on earth. Many magnificent mosques were built and they were decorated with exquisite blue ceramic tiles on the outside, and with pure gold on the inside.Tamerlane, like the great oriental king that he was, had many wives, including a Chinese girl called Bibi Khanym. Now Bibi Khanym was the most beautiful of all T amerlane's wives, and she was also the youngest. She was his favorite wife and was deeply in love with him.In order to demonstrate her great love of Tamerlane, she decided to build a magnificent mosque to honor him, while he was away fighting in a distant war. She engaged the best architect, who designed for her the most magnificent mosque you could imagine. And then she found the best master builder, who began work immediately. But as the weeks and months passed by, the master builder began to fall in love with Bibi Khanym. She resisted all his advances, but at last he threatened to leave the mosque unfinished unless she allowed him to kiss her just once. Bibi Khanym wanted the beautiful mosque finished more than anything else. She was expecting Tamerlane to return any day. So at last she agreed to let the master builder kiss her, just once.But that was her terrible mistake, for so powerful was the master builder's love for BibiKhanym that when he kissed her he left a permanent mark on her face.King Tamerlane returned and saw the guilty mark on his wife's face. The master builder was executed immediately, and then, thinking that a woman's beauty can be a dangerous thing, Tamerlane ordered that from that day on all the women in the kingdom should never be seen in public without a veil to cover their face.Exercise 1 1. B 2 . C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. AExercise 2 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5.FPart Four Testing YourselfSection 1Long long ago, there was a pretty girl named "Red Riding Hood" because she was always wearing a red hood. One day her mother asked her to take some snacks to her grandmother because her grandmother was ill. Her mother told her, "Don't hang around on your way. Don't leave the main road."On her way, she saw a wolf. The wolf asked her where she was going and she told him that she was going to her grandmother's house. The wolf thought to himself how delicious she would taste. Red Riding Hood danced in the woods, picking flowers for her grandmother and forgetting what her mother had said to her.The wolf went to the grandmother's house and ate up the poor lady. Then he waited in the bed for Red Riding Hood.As Red Riding Hood came into the grandmother's house, she found her grandmother looked rather strange with very large ears, eyes, hands and mouth. And suddenly the wolf jumped out of the bed and devoured the little girl.。

第五单元我是怎样识字的海伦·凯勒1 在我记忆中, 我一生最重要的日子是我的老师安妮·曼斯费尔德·沙利文走进我生活的那一天。

至今，每当我想起这一天仍会惊叹不已。

是这一天把(我过的)截然不同的两种生活连在一起。

那是一八八七年三月三日，再过三个月我就七岁了。

2 在这一重要日子的午后，我呆呆地坐在我家的门廊上，内心充满了期盼。

从我母亲给我的手势和屋子里众人来来往往的忙碌中我隐约猜到将有不同寻常的事发生。

我便来到门口，在台阶上等着。

午后的阳光透过布满门廊的那簇忍冬照射到我仰起的脸庞上。

我的手指近乎下意识地抚弄着这些熟悉的叶片和花朵。

它们刚刚抽叶开花，迎来南方温馨的春天。

至于我面前究竟会出现什么样的奇迹，我茫然无知。

几个星期来，愤怒和怨恨一直折磨着我。

这种激烈的感情争斗之后则是一种极度的疲惫不堪。

3 你可曾在航海时遇上过有浓雾的时候，你仿佛被困在了触手可及的一片白茫茫中不见天日。

你乘坐的巨轮靠测深锤或测深线的指引，举步维艰地靠向海岸，既紧张又焦急不安。

而你则心里砰砰直跳，等着有事要发生。

而我在接受教育之前正像那巨轮，所不同的是我连指南针或测深线都没有，更无从知晓离港湾还有多远。

我的心灵在无声地疾呼，“光明，给我光明吧! ”而就在此时此刻，爱的光芒洒在了我的身上。

4 我感觉到有脚步由远及近。

于是我伸出了手，我以为会是母亲。

但有人抓住了我的手，把我拽住并紧紧地抱在了怀里。

正是这个人的到来，把整个世界展示给我，并且最重要的是给我带来了爱。

5 在老师来到我家的第二天上午，她把我带到她的房间，给了我一个玩具娃娃。

这娃娃是珀金斯学校的小盲童们送给我的礼物，劳拉·布里奇曼给穿上的衣服，不过这些是我在后来才知道的。

我玩了一小会儿之后，沙利文小姐慢慢地在我的手上拼出了“d-o-l-l”娃娃这个词。

我一下子便对这种手指游戏产生了兴趣，而且试着模仿它。

当我终于正确地拼出了这几个字母时，内心充满了孩子气的喜悦和自豪。

unit1看待生活的两种方式你的生活态度是你个人人生观的深刻体现。

（让我们）更仔细地看一下二者的关系。

你是个悲观主义者，还是个乐观主义者？你看待（生活）的方式确实影响着你的生活态度，你清楚吗？请记住：改变了你的人生观，就改变了你的生活态度。

1 父亲低头年看着小床里睡得正熟的女儿，女儿出生没几天，刚从医院回家。

她的漂亮和完美使他心中充满了敬畏和感激。

2 这时孩子睁开了眼睛，直直地向上方望着。

3 父亲叫她的名字，期待着她转头看他。

她的眼睛却一动不动。

4 他拿起系在婴儿床围栏上的小绒毛玩具摇起来，玩具上的响铃发出叮叮当当的声音。

孩子的眼睛还是一动不动。

5 他的心跳开始加速。

他在卧室里找到了妻子并把刚刚发生的事告诉了她。

“她似乎对声音毫无反应，”他说。

“好像她根本听不到。

”6 “我敢肯定她一切正常，”妻子说着，一边披上晨衣。

他们一起走进了婴儿的房间。

7 她叫着孩子的名字，把铃摇得叮当响，还拍手。

随后她把孩子抱起来，这时孩子一下子变得活泼起来并发出开心的声音。

8 “天哪，”父亲说，“她是个聋子。

”9 “不，不会的，”母亲说。

“我是说，现在这么说太早了。

你看，她刚出生不久，视线还不能集中呢。

”10 “可是刚才你那么用力地拍手，她都没有一点反应。

”11 母亲从书架上拿了一本书。

“让我们看看这本育儿书上怎么说，”她说道。

她查到“听觉”栏，大声读道：“‘如果你的新生儿听到响声不吃惊，或者不会朝向发出声音的方向，不必慌张。

因为对声音的反应通常要过一段时间才会出现。

你的儿科医生可以从神经系统方面对孩子的听觉进行测试。

’”12 “瞧，”母亲说道，“这是不是让你感觉好多了？”13 “没好多少，”父亲说。

“书里甚至都没提还有另一种可能性，那就是孩子是聋子。

我只知道我的宝贝什么也听不见。

我有一种最可怕的预感。

也许这是因为我的祖父就是聋子的原因。

如果我们漂亮的小宝贝真是聋子而且是我这一方的原因，我将永远无法原谅自己。

”14 “嗨，等等，”妻子说。

新编大学英语3原文篇一：新编大学英语3课后练习答案与课文完整版(包括预习课后阅读)103fBook 3课后练习参考答案：Unit 1Part onepreparation1.1）Gentle2）Dedicated3）Considerate4）Adventurous5）Calm6）Aggressive7）Critical8）Energetic9）Selfish10）Ambition11）Self-confident12）Easygoing13）Truthful14）Outgoing15）Frank16）Sensitive17）Bossy18）Patient19）Talkative20）Persuasive21）Sympathetic22）Emotional2.Jobs Personalitysalesperson undependable、shrewd、tricky、boastfulteacher knowledge、talkative、patient、energetic、unselfish、tolerantdoctor calm、skillful、sympathetic、careful、unselfishpolice office brave、calm、alert、carefulaccount cautious、careful、efficient、truthfullawyer knowledge、persuasive、talkative、expressive、intelligenttourist guide energetic、good-tempered、talkativehost or hostess of a show quick-minded、humorous、knowledge、expressive、emotional reporter adventurous、brave、curious、efficientsecretary considerate、careful、efficient、easygoingspokesperson diplomatic、intelligent、eloquentIII. Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction: (Para.1)Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (Para.2&3)People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (Para.4-15)i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.ii) Set reasonable goals.iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame.iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.v) Do not make negative comments about yourself.vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully.vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences.viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate.ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly.x) Practice being in social situations.4) Conclusion: (Para.16)The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.2. Understanding Specific Information1) F2) F3) T4) T5) T6) F7) T8) F9) F10) T3. Group Discussion1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways. Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time.2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one’s merits, abilities or success, e.g. she is very modest about her accomplishments. Shyness is used to describe the uncomfortable feeling one has in the company of others. It often implies a lack of self-confidence and a timid, reserved manner. Modesty is a good personality trait while shyness in many cases is undesirable.3) Yes, it is appropriate and normal to be shy in some circumstances: in the presence of teachers, your boss, your parents’ friends or your prospective in-laws; when you are dating someone, especially the first time; when you are with strangers; when you are in a new envir onment; when you’re facing a large audience.Vocabulary1. Self- is a prefix which means ―of, to or by oneself or itself.‖Words with the prefix self- that appear in the text: self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance, self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-destructive, self-awareness, self-accept103fance, self-rejection, self-confident1) self-conscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you)2) self-confidence (belief in one’s own ability, power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself)3) self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or4) self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one’s own best interes ts)5) self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)6) self-concept (one’s conception or general idea of one’s own basic character and nature)7) self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)8) self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)2. Part A1) B2) I3) L 4) A5) H6) D7) E8) N9) J10) M11) C12) F13) G14) KPart B1) profound2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight5) overcome6) eventually7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish10) reassurance 11) detrimental12) isolated13) self-esteem14) accented3. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect 4) viewed/regarded 5) sensitive6) respond/react 7) eliminated 8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no commentTranslation1.You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.2. In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.3. When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.4. Every day he sets some time aside to be with his family and enjoy life.5. I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.6. He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.7. In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8. He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.Part ThreeFURTHER Development1. 1）BBABC6）CBCAA11）CBPart FourWriting and Translation (P46)2. Translation Practice1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too muchPart onepreparation4.matching pictures1）Aphrodite2）Ares3）Hephaestus4）Artemis5）Demeter6）Dionysus7）Poseidon8）Athena9）Apollo10）Hermes11）Hera12）ZeusPost-ReadingReading Comprehension1. 1) Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.2) He saw the birds were busy preparing.3) He planned to go to the feast/sky with the birds.4) They didn’t agree because Tortoise was mischievous/cunning and ungrateful.5) With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.6) He made two wings with all the feathers he got from each bird.7) All of you.8) Nuts, meat and fish soup, pounded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.9) For whom have you prepared this feast?10) Because he knew the answer would be ―For all of you‖, which was his new name. So he could enjoy all the food first.11) They were very angry.12) They took back the feathers they had lent him.13) He asked them to take a message to his wife.14) Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.15) He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house to cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely. But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp, not the soft, things instead.16) His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.2. Ekwefi is telling a story about Tortoise. Long long ago, there was a famine, and the birds got an invitation from the sky to attend a feast there. Tortoise learned about it and with his sweet tongue he persuaded the birds to take him with them and so each bird lent him a feather.103fTortoise cunningly thought of an idea that enabled him to have all the food by naming himself ―All of you.‖ When they reached the sky, they received a warm welcome and soon the food was presented to them. Then he asked one of the people in the sky: ―For whom have you prepared all this feast?‖ The man replied: ―For all of you.‖ So he ate almost all the best food. The birds became very angry and took back their feathers before flying home. Without feathers, he had to jump onto the ground and his shell was broken into pieces.3. Acting out the StorySampleBird A: How exciting! All of us are invited to the feast in the sky.Bird B: I just can’t wait. What do you think I should wear?Tortoise: Hello. Good morning. What are you excited about?Bird A: Didn’t you know that we are going to the sky?Bird B: And we are going to have a big dinner. What fun!Tort oise: How nice it is. What lucky guys. May I go with you? I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun. Bird A: Yes, we’ll have great fun, but not you. We know you too well. You are full of cunning and you are ungrateful.Bird B: If we allow you to come with us, you will soon begin your mischief.Bird A: We know you of old.Tortoise: You don’t know me now. I’m a changed man. I am not the mischievous man you once knew. In fact, I am thoughtful and well-meaning. I have learned that a man who makes trouble for others is also making trouble for himself. Rest assured, I promise you I will not cause you any trouble.Bird A: (Talking to Bird B) Maybe he is a changed man now. Let’s talk to our bird friends and see if we will take him with us.(After a brief discussion with all the other birds)Bird B: Ok. Tortoise, now we all agreed to take you to the sky. Each of us will lend you a feather so that you can have two wings to fly.(During the flight to the party)Bird A: Tortoise is a great orator!Bird B: Let’s make him the spokesperson for the party.Tortoise: Did you know that we need a new name when we are invited to a great feast like this? It is an age-old custom and our hosts in the sky will expect us to honor it.Bird A: We haven’t heard of this before. But as you are such a learned man, if you say this, we will choose a new name for ourselves. I will call myself Good-Looking.Bird B: I am Smart-Ass.Tortoise: And my new name is All of You.(On their arrival at the sky)Sky people: Welcome to the sky, our dear bird friends. We are so pleased to see you again. Please make yourselves at home.Tortoise: My dear respected friends, thank you so much for inviting us to the sky. Nothing can make us happier than this. It is our greatest honor to be here and have a good time with you. Sky people: Thank you for your nice words. Now please help yourselves to the nuts.Bird A: Tortoise is really eloquent, isn’t he? I’m glad we decided to bring him with us. Bird B: Yes. And these are delicious nuts.Sky people: Now the dinner is ready. Please enjoy the soup, meat, fish and pounded yam. Here is palm wine, too.Tortoise: Just a moment. Let me ask you first. For whom have you prepared this feast? Skypeople: For whom? Why? For all of you, of course.Tortoise (To the birds): You remember that my name is All of You. The custom here is to serve the spokesman first and the others later. They will serve you when I finish.Sky people (To themselves): Looks like it is their custom to leave all the food to their king first. Tortoise: Mm. Yummy. Mm. I’m full now. You can start to eat.Bird A: We should never bring him here. I am too angry to eat. I’m going home.Bird B: Wait. I am leaving, too. Take the feather with us.Tortoise: What are you doing? Leave me the feather. Oh, how am I going home without a single feather? You can’t do this to me?Birds: Bye.Tortoise: Could someone take a message for my wife? Tell her to bring out everything soft and cover the ground. …4. Taking Sides篇二：新编大学英语第三册课文翻译Unit 1羞怯的痛苦对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。