2019届高考英语一轮复习练习:语法部分 5 随堂巩固 Word版含答案
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2 3 1.(2018·江苏四市调研)While visiting Europe, I was lucky to have the great ________of praying in a historic church that dates back to the early 12th century. A.favour B.motivation C.equality D.privilege D 解析:favour 支持, 偏爱, 赞同; motivation 动机, 积极性, equality 平等; privilege 特权, 优待。 在访问欧洲的时候, 我有幸拥有在一座12世纪的教堂里祈祷的优待。 故选D。 2.(2018·南京、盐城模拟)Estella showed me the way with a candle. When she opened the side entrance, the________ of the daylight quite confused me. A.trend B.rush C.crash D.increase B 解析:句意:Estella用蜡烛给我指路。 当她打开侧门时, 强烈的日光让我看不清。 the rush of the daylight强烈的日光。 故选B。 trend趋势; crash坠毁; increase增加。 3.The International Monetary Fund has received both criticism and ________ for its efforts to promote financial stability, prevent crises, facilitate trade, and reduce poverty. A.worship B.credit C.argument D.privilege B 解析:考查名词的用法。 句意:国际基金会因它促进金融稳定、制止危机、促进贸易和减少贫困方面的努力而得到批评和赞誉。 worship尊重; credit赞扬; argument争执; privilege特权。 故选B。 4.(2018·盐城质检)—We’ve been destroying lots of forests every year. —What a shame!We’ll be the________ of our own foolish behavior. A.challengers B.judges C.witnesses D.victims D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。 句意:——每年我们都在毁坏大量的森林。 ——多可惜!我们将成为我们愚蠢行为的受害者。 A为“挑战者”; B为“法官, 审判员”; C为“见证人”; D为“受害者”。 结合语境可知选D。 5.Universal________ to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their social class, ethnicity, background or physical disabilities. A.application B.access 2 3 C.admission D.attempt B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。 句意:普及教育是指全民在受教育方面都有平等机会的权利, 不论其社会阶级、种族、背景或是身体残疾。 本题选项中的名词都可与介词to连用, application to意为“申请”; access to意为“有权使用”; admission to意为“入场, 许可”; attempt to意为“尝试”。 根据语境可知, B项符合题意。 6.(2018·江苏常熟中学检测)The CCTV show Chinese Characters Dictation Competition has taken the country by storm, which is partly designed to arouse people’s __________ in the Chinese language. A.responsibility B.significance C.enthusiasm D.disappointment C 解析: 句意:中央电视台的节目《中国汉字听写大会》已席卷全国, 部分旨在激发人们在中国语言方面的热情。 responsibility 责任; significance重要性; enthusiasm热情; disappointment 失望; 根据句意选C。 7.It takes ________ to talk to others on the team when that might expose some of your own weaknesses or ignorance. A.energy B.patience C.wisdom D.courage D 解析:考查名词辨析。 句意:当跟队里的其他人交谈可能会暴露出你的一些弱点或者无知的时候, 这样的交谈需要勇气。 这里用courage表示“勇气”。 8.(湖北卷)Her ________ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. A.motivation B.qualification C.talent D.technique A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。 句意:她写作的________是为妇女争取到接受高等教育权利的渴望。 motivation动机, 目的; qualification资格, 资历; talent天才, 天赋; technique技能, 技巧。 由语境可知是写作的动机(motivation)。 9.There are solid reasons for China to claim ownership of the Diaoyu Islands, which lie about 200 miles________the eastern coast of our country. A.to B.on C.off D.of 2 3 C 解析:考查介词辨析。 句意:中国有充分的理由拥有钓鱼岛主权。 钓鱼岛位于我国东海岸200英里。 表示方位时, A项表示“隔开一段距离”; B项表示“接壤”; C项表示“海岸边”; D项表示“所属关系”。 根据句中“coast” 可知, 表示海岸边的地理位置。 故选C。 10.(2018·苏锡常镇四市高三调研) ________their cultures, Americans have taken over from the Indians many other things. A.On behalf of B.In praise of C.In possession of D.On top of D 解析:考查介词短语辨析。 句意:除了文化之外, 美国人还沿袭了印第安人的很多其他东西。 on top of表示“除……之外”, 符合句意。 on behalf of“代表”; in praise of“赞美”; in possession of“拥有”。 11.Every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job ________working at a grocery store to a fast food restaurant. A.in B.by C.from D.besides C 解析:考查介词辨析。 句意:每个青少年都需要经历第一份不太有趣的工作——从在杂货店工作到在快餐店工作。 此处是from...to...“从……到……”结构, 故选C。 12.________ character teaching, storytelling is one of the best ways to get your points across, especially to young kids. A.In terms of B.As a result of C.In favor of D.By means of A 解析:考查介词短语辨析。 句意:就性格教育而言, 讲故事是传达你的观点的最好的方法之一, 尤其是对年幼的孩子们而言。 in terms of “就……而言”符合句意。 as a result of “由于”; in favor of“支持”; by means of“依靠, 用”。 13.As the only child, Jack was________ all the belongings after his parents died. A.in place of B.in possession of C.in favor of D.in honor of B 解析:考查介词短语辨析。 句意:作为独生子, 杰克在他父母死后拥有了所有财产。 in possession of “拥有”, 符合句意。 in place of “代替”; in favor of “支持”; in honor of“为纪念……, 向……表示敬意”。 2 3 14.(2018·南京一模)The play begins at 6:40p.m. So we have to be at the theatre________ 6:30 p.m. at the latest. A.after B.around C.until D.by D 解析:由“戏剧在下午6:40开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。 A、C两项均不合题意。 around意为“左右, 大约”, 但与at the latest“最晚”相矛盾。 by在此是not later than(不迟于)之意, 符合句意。 15.(2018·北京西城区模拟)—Can I have your business number? —You can call me, free of charge, ________6688-7790. A.at B.by C.with D.for A 解析:提供某个电话号码时常用at。 by表示“通过, 依据”; with意为“用(具体工具), 随着”; for表示“为了, 因为”。