【2002年8级测试英译汉】
The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings1. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society2.
Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others3. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable4. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.
Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge5. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers6. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them7.
Winners do not play“helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game8. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.
【概述】
这是一篇议论文，议题讨论人生的核心问题——成功与失败。虽然涉及的题目人人皆知，但对其真实内涵却仁者见仁，智者见智。该文语言精炼，讲究修辞，采用对比、排比等手法加强语气。翻译时应注意上下文的逻辑关系，注意修辞格的翻译技巧。
【翻译要点评析】
1. “winner”和“loser”这两个词是该文的关键词，一开头能否正确选择好词义将影响到整篇文章的翻译。一般情况下，译为“赢家”和“输家”，或“胜者”和“败者”。但本文第一句就说，这两个词have many meanings。这就意味着本文所讨论的winner并不是传统意义上的“赢家”或“胜者”，下文对winner的定义就说明了本文的winner与传统定义不同。鉴于此，我们可以将winner译为“成功者”或“智者”。
2. authentically: 自然地；没有假装地；由衷地。此句的关键是译好4个形容词，这是对成功者品质下的定义。credible: 有诚信的；trustworthy: 可依靠的；可信赖的；responsive: 反应敏捷的；敏感的；genuine: 诚实的；不虚伪的。此句可译为“成功者的一切反应均由衷而发，富有诚信，值得信赖，反应敏捷，从不虚伪”，句子读起来非常有节奏感。
3.they imagine 是插入成分。What they imagine they should be 直译过来就是“他们自己认为该成为的样子”，也可以说“他们的自我臆想”。rather: 相反。they are themselves: “他们保持其本色”，用中国的一句古语就是“我仍故我”。as such 的本意是“诸如此类的人或物”，此处可以顺接上句译成“正因如此”。putting on a performance: 做作；作秀；装腔作势。maintaining pretence: 自命不凡。manipulate 原意为“巧妙的操纵别人”，这里可译成“对别人指手画脚”。
4.此句中“being…“是“真的在做……”, “acting…”是“假装在做……”，这是译好句中三个排比句式的关键。being loving and acting loving可译为“真爱和装爱”；being stupid and acting stupid可译为“真傻和装傻”；being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable 可译为“博学和卖弄”。
5. “are not afraid to do…”: 无畏于……; 从不怯于……; “to do their own thinking”: 独立思考；用自己的知识独立判断；独当一面。
6. 此句中，facts与opinions两者是互为矛盾的，facts指“事实”，opinions不是传统意义上的“意见”或“观点”，而是“议论”或“传闻”，因此才有句子They can separate facts from opinions; “成功者能够区分事实与传闻“。
7. 此句中有4个排比式的过去分词，译起来比较困难，因为它们的词义差别很微妙。be defined by them原意是“由他人来界定，来规定”，此句则理解为“受制于他人”。be demolished by them 可译为“被他们所摧垮”。be bound by them b可译为“被他们所束缚”。be awed by them 可译为“被他们所吓倒”。
8. 此句中，不要将两个play 译成“玩”或“耍”。Play在这里是生动的比喻词。可译为：成功者不故意“示弱”，也从不怨天尤人”。
【参考译文】
“成功者”和“失败者”这两个词含义很多。当我们将某人称作成功者时，我们并非指他是一个让别人失败的人。对我们来说，成功者乃是这样一个人，无论作为一个个人抑或作为社会的一分子，他的一切反应均由衷而发，富有诚信，值得信赖，反应敏捷，从不虚伪。
成功者不会穷其毕生之精力，执着于自我之臆想。相反，他们会保持自己的本色。正因如此，他们不装腔作势，不自命不凡，不对别人指手画脚。他们知道，真爱不同于装爱，真傻有异于装傻、博学有别于卖弄。成功者无需面具来伪装。
成功者无畏于独立思考，无畏于独立判断、独当一面。他们能够在事实与传闻之间明辨是非，不会假称自己无所不晓。他们倾听别人意见，择善从之，最终得出自己的结论。成功者敬仰尊重别人，但他不会受制于人、不会被他们所摧垮、不被他们所束缚、不会被他们所吓倒。
成功者不故意“示弱”，也从不怨天尤人。他们会毅然肩负起人生的责任。
【2003年8级测试英译汉】
In his classic novel,“The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building1. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis2. But his cousin looks around bewildered3. All she ses is a forest.“Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?”She asks4. He’s astonished she can’t see them..“Where! Why everywhere,”he replies5. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.
Cooper was illustrating6 a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness7; the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come8. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being. ”9
【概述】
这是一篇关于美国文学的评论性文章，短文评论美国著名作家詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀（James Fenimore Cooper）的小说《拓荒者》（The Pioneer）。文中主人公是一位土地开发商，带着他的表妹游览一座待开发的城市。从而揭示了美国人特有的一种性格——前瞻意识。虽然语言的理解不算难，但涉及到美国人独特的处事视角，对于中国读者来说，接触较少，很难有作者那种深刻的体会。对于我们陌生的主题或文化视角，翻译时应注意尽量用“直译”，少些个人发挥，但其文章的风格，则要通过译文充分地展示出来，特别要注意描写人和物的形容词和副词的翻译。
【翻译要点评析】
