直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语 直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用有引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，如果直接引语的动词是现在时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式都不变。例如： She says,“I'll never forget the moment.” 变成间接引语为: She says that she'll never forget the moment. 但是如果直接引语的动词为过去时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律：

一、 “三要素” 我们想要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目的话，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。

要素一：

陈述句的间接引语——连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told, ,等。例如： 1) He said: “I've left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2) She said: “He will be busy.” She said that he would be busy.

要素二： 1、疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用 if 或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等，例如： 1) She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 2) She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 2 、特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.

要素三： 祈使句的间接引语——采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。 即told /asked/ ordered/ warned sb. (not) to do sth. 注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语。 引语中的please 去掉, 动词改为ask 1) The teacher said to the students, “Don't waste your time.” The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 2) The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” The mother asked Tom to get up early. 二、“五不变” 在直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。 1 、直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如： The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.” My father said practice makes perfect. 2 、直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变，例如： The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. He said, “We are still students.” He said they are still students. 3 、直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。例如： He said to me, “I was born in 1978.” He told me that he was born in 1978. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.” The engineer said he was at college in 1967. 4 、直接引语中凡有When, since, while 引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如： He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” He said he had studied English since he was a boy. She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus. Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.” Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job. 5、如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist, suggest, demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。例如： He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately. She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.” She said he demanded that the girl leave at once. 另外，如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变. 例如： I said to him, “I have finished it.” I told him I had finished it.

如果就在当地转述, here不必变为there，come不必改为go，如果就

在当天转述，则today, yesterday, tomorrow等状语也不必变化。例如：

She said to us, I'll come here tomorrow.”→ She told us she would come here tomorrow. 直接引语和间接引语练习

1. Where was Alice's sister? I don't know where ________. A. was Alice's sister B. Alice's sister was C. is Alice's sister D. Alice's sister is 2. What did he say? I don't know what _________. A. did he say B. he says C. he has said D. he said 3. I wonder ___________ . A. whether she will be fit for the job or not B. whether or not she will be fit for the job C. if she will be fit for the job D. what she will be fit for the job 4.which city does he come from? I don't know ________. A. where does he come from B. from where does he come C. which city he comes from D. what city he comes from 5. Can you make sure ___________? A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here today C. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today 6. Do you happen to know ________? A. where is her address B. in which place is her address C. what her address is D. the place her address is 7. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________? A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the library C. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library 8. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle's farm with him. A. how would I like B. if or not would I like C. whether I would like D. which I would like 9. I'd like to know ________ Chinese. A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learn C. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn