独家权威震撼发布：张中宁主编《西方报刊经贸文章选读》课后作业答案

7月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096I. Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reservesover the next few years as a means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology.【】A. speeding upB. speeding onC. speeding offD. speeding down2.Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have been scrapped.【】A. improvedB. removedC. stimulatedD. introduced3.Now Zhangjiagang is China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone ofhalf-built office buildings and hotels.【】A. tremendousB. enormousC. noisyD. orderly4.Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developingregions in 1991 was especially noteworthy.【】A. determinatingB. toleratingC. improvingD. worsening5.Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in Latin America to Mr. Clinton’s embrace of the free trade agreement.【】A. hugB. embarrassC. acceptanceD. balance6.As Europe’s economy has soured, free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges.【】A. increasedB. declinedC. sky-rocketedD. tasted7.At the summit meeting, America insisted that Japan should come up with specific measures that would enable it to meet new import targets.【】1A. bring forthB. come acrossC. put offD. reach out8.Fearful that rapidly modernizing Korean rivals will intrude on its foreign and domestic markets, Japan has fought to keep the Koreans from appropriating its technologies.【】A. competitorsB. representativesC. negotiatorsD. dealers9.International consultants who want to secure definite projects at lucrative fees are finding it harder and harder.【】A. lowB. minimumC. highD. profitable10.A separate, long-running dispute over oilseeds does still pose a threat.【】A. possessB. presentC. provideD. persuade11.With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.【】A. loanersB. borrowersC. ownersD. believers12.However, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo still face a struggle in persuading bottlers across the nation to take the.【】A. offeringB. forcingC. encouragingD. discouraging13.Hong Kong Eggs and Products Company monopolizes the import of Chinese eggs, both fresh and preserved.【】A. confinesB. minimizesC. dominatesD. mobilizes14.You can use credit cards but it’s best to take some currency as well.【】A. couponsB. moneyC. coinsD. dimes15.Lead values moved up to their best level since April last year in the absence of a settlement at Australia’s broken hill lead-zinc-silver mines.【】A. withoutB. withC. asD. through2II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16. counter trade17. means of production18. surplus labour19. debt restructuring20. trade reprisal21. certificate of origin22. currency exchange system23. exclusive contract24. foreign exchange earnings25. primary productsIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26. 货币市场27. 利息付款28. 试销29. 新兴工业30. 国内需求31. 直接投资32. 供应短缺33. 大规模销售活动34. 供求模式35. 现货市场IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1The slowdown of the industrial countries in 1991 partly originated in structural problems inherited from the 1980s. Slower growth in Europe in 1991 revealed that unemployment, for instance, was still a structurally problematic area. The unemployment rate in the four largest European economies was 7.8 per cent in 1990, near the peak of the business cycle, and rose to 8.3 per cent in 1991. Financial stress brought on by excessive debt in the household and corporate sectors was an example of another kind of structural problem, in particular for the economies of Japan and the United States. Financial institutions in these two countries adopted more conservative lending policies, curtailing financing of higher-risk projects such as commercial3construction and highly leveraged corporate transactions. A number of weaker institutions were also consolidated through bankruptcy, merger and reorganization.36. What are the two structural problems mentioned in the passage?37. When did the structural problems start?38. What do "conservative lending policies" and "commercial construction" mean?Passage 2The need for reform is clear: Although South Korea’s material achievements are impressive, the development of its political and economic organizations hasn’t kept pace. In recent years, the government has come under more and more pressure from trading partners and has begun to open the gates to foreign investment. There’s also a strong pressu re to keep up the fight against corruption, protect consumers and curtail the power of the huge business organizations that still dominate the economy. Keeping the reform process going and bringing the country’s institutions up to the level of those in advanced countries has become the pivotal agenda of President Kim Young Sam’s government.39. Why is it necessary to reform in South Korea?40. What do "hasn’t kept pace" and "pivotal agenda" mean?41. What is the main consideration of President Kim Young Sam’s government?V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1I’m contemplating applying for my fifty-first job. It’s been a long time since I wasted stamp money this way. In fact, when I reached the fiftieth without success I decided to abandon job hunting and got out my pen to scratch a living instead.But there’s another wildly exciting job in the paper today, "salary ￡22,500—￡26,250 according to age and experience". The good news is the pay, the bad news is that damning little phrase "according to age and experience" which means I won’t get the job.It’s not that I have more age than experience - I’ve led an incident-packed existence. Journalist, company director, wife and mother, market researcher, and now, at thirty-something, I’m trying to use my Cambridge degree in criminology.I’m a victim of the sliding pay-scale. Employers can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a lot cheaper than me. Yet I’m the ideal employer: stable, good-humored, child-bearing behind me, looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment.4Ageism is everywhere. It’s much more prevalent than sexism in the job market. It is lagging behind sexism, racism, and handicappism because even the oppressed seem to accept the discrimination. Yet there are many professions that would benefit from the maturity and stability the older entrant can bring.My own pressing concern is to lessen my guilt. I am desperately grateful to the Government for financing me through my university education at a cost of over ￡10, 000. But unless someone gives me a job, how can I pay them back in income tax?Statements:42. The writer is over forty years old. 【】43. She gave up applying for jobs some time ago. 【】44. Employers think that someone of her age is too expensive to employ. 【】45. People don’t get as angry about ageism as about otherforms of discrimination. 【】46. More mature employees would be valuable assets to many professions. 【】Passage 2Consumers are primarily interested in product availability and low price in at least two types of situations. The first is that the demand for a product exceeds supply, as is the case in many Third World countries. There the consumers are more interested in obtaining a product than in its fine quality. The suppliers will concentrate on finding ways to increase production. The second situation is that the product’s cost is high and is to be brought down through increased productivity to exceed the demand. Some service organizations also have the production tendency. Many medical and dental practices are organized by assembly-line principles, as are some government agencies like unemployment offices and license bureaus. While it results in handling many cases per hour, this management orientation is open for charges of impersonality and questionable service quality.Statements:47.Consumers are interested in the quality of a product when demand exceeds supply.【】48.In many Third World countries, consumer demand is not very high. 【】49.If product cost is too high, producers will concentrate on finding ways to reduce production.【】50.Many hospitals and government agencies tend to operate like factories so that they will be more efficient. 【】551.It seems that the author is for the idea of this management orientation.【】VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%) Now, some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy early in the 21st century. Many economists believe a standard estimate of China’s per capita gross national product ($370) is already two to three times too low. And former World Bank chief economist Larry Summers recently argued that China could surpass both Japan and the Unit ed States to become the world’s largest economy by 2020.6。

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1.() is a spokeswoman for the American Association of Health Plans.A.Gerald D. KleczkaB.John Dl DingellC.Susan M. PisanoD.Stephanie Sue Stein答案：C2.Mr. Arafat’s compound is situated in ().A.QalqilyaB.HaifaC.EfratD.Ramallah答案：D3.mediocre ()monB.same; equalC.prosperous or rich答案：An-American full-time faculty members make up () percent of the total.A.2.6B.5.5C.4.4D.4.9答案：B5.infrastructure ()A.an underlying base or foundationB.hard workC.brief and to the point答案：A6.Moriarty is () now.A.a workerB.a reporterC.an athleteD.a designer答案：D7.What damaged the caves over the years? ()A.wind, rain and sandB.western plunderersC.touristsD.all of above答案：D8.scourge ()A.person or thing that causes happinessB.person or thing that causes sufferingC.ragged答案：B9.expire ()A.at the beginninge to an endC.help others答案：B10.deteriorate ()A.become worse in quality or conditionB.destroyC.well wealthy答案：A11.decline ()A.to politely refuseB.to politely receiveC.to politely apologize答案：A12.panacea ()A.sth. that will put right all troublesB.hard workingzy person答案：A13.cram school ()A.小学B.中学C.填鸭式教学答案：C14.marital ()A.of or relating to marriageB.wife or husbandC.to save答案：A15.If the managers or organizations find their get just fine without the vacationing employee, the employee will be ().A.paid moreB.promotedC.given more vacationD.insecure答案：D16.skirmish ()A.work hardB.never lose your confidenceC.a minor or preliminary conflict答案：C17.emphatically ()A.intensivelyB.careful, circumspectC.condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible答案：A18.Why do the American think that a Taliban-dominated government represents a preferable alternative? ()A.It is better than the faction-ridden coalition in all aspects.B.They think it seems bent on restoring a traditional society inAfghanistan, rather than exporting an Islamic revolution.C.They can completely end the Anarchy in Afghanistan.D.None of the above.答案：B19.avowal ()A.acknowledgmentB.uncompromisingC.please or satisfy答案：A20.The device used for the survey is ().A.E-mailB.mailC.telephoneD.telegraph答案：C21.reprisal ()A.punishing others for harm done to oneselfe to an endC.never refuse sb.答案：A22.In Hamilton Country, where Westfield sits, the Hispanic population has increased () percent in 10 years.A.70B.31C.143D.58答案：C23.hack ()A.to cut roughly and violentlyB.desperateC.to instist, to state firmly答案：A24.How many nations does the commonwealth have? ()A.54B.53C.48D.1答案：B25.grab ()A.to have or takeB.to abandonC.hard working答案：A26.tackle ()A.deal with a difficult problemB.say hi to sb.C.life答案：A27.What did Engelhardt advise China to do in a conference last month? ()A.People should clean up the foul air.B.People should take some measures to preserve their heritage.C.People should built more expressway in the sites.D.People should allow more foreigners to visit China.答案：B28.assessment ()A.estimationB.person who applies for jobmon答案：A29.prudent ()A.careful, circumspectB.surprising or astoundingC.of two races答案：A30.() is one of the few areas where Israeli Jews and Arabs live in relative harmony.A.HaifaB.RamallahC.TulkarmD.Tel Aviv答案：A31.Piscataway school board President David Grossman holds the view that school days should be shortened.()A.错误B.正确答案：A32.Most of the crimes are not concerned with young people.()A.错误B.正确答案：A33.Economic development depends on that local government must keep his or her doors to every visitor.()A.错误B.正确答案：B34.China spends the least money on cultural conservation.()A.错误B.正确答案：B35.It is one of the great strengths of monarchy that it has never taken sides in any political debate, that it shows itself, as an institution, to be evenhanded.()A.错误B.正确答案：B36.The reason Gore lost in the election is that he was not a devotional follower of a religion.()A.错误B.正确答案：A37.An unprecedented chance for Gypsies is to be recognized as a nation, albeit one without a defined territory.()A.错误B.正确答案：B38.To build a highway is to bring visitors convenience and safety.()A.错误B.正确答案：B39.Anger over children being killed and kids with guns has not faded. The moms have not forgotten.()A.错误B.正确答案：B40.Queen Elizabeth2 cannot choose a prime minister, dissolve Parliament or declare war.()A.错误B.正确答案：A。

湖南广播电视大学开放教育期末考试英语报刊选读考试样题（2）参考答案及评分细则I. Translate the following into Chinese: (20小题，每题2分，共40分)1. International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织2. United Nations Economic Council 联合国经济理事会3. World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织4. European Union 欧洲联盟/欧盟5. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 上海合作组织6. the Common Wealth 英联邦7. Group of Eight (G8) 八国集团8. The Times 泰晤士报9. The Guardian 卫报10. Financial Times 金融时报11. The Economist 经济学人12. Washington Post 华盛顿邮报13. News Week 《新闻周刊》14. Reader’s Digest 《读者文摘》15. Fortune 《财富》杂志16. financial crisis 金融危机17. political asylum 政治庇护（避难）18. Downing Street 唐宁街（英国首相府邸），英国政府19. Foreign Secretary 外交大臣20. the House of Lords 上议院Part II. Read the following news and choose the best answer. (5小题，每题2分，共10分) 21. A 22.C 23.C 24.D 25. BPart III. Answer the questions according to the report: (5小题，每题5分，共25分)26. What does the underlined phrase “Triple-digit oil prices” in Paragraph 1 mean?It means that the oil prices have reached or surpassed $100 per barrel.27.Which country is the largest oil consumer in the world?The U.S. is the largest oil consumer in the world.28. What does the underlined word ascent in Paragraph 4 mean?It means rise or growth.29. Why do economists and other market watchers anticipate that the oil prices will not collapse?It is partly because the global economy is stronger, but also because the increases have been gradual.30. How much does OPEC control the world’s oil output?OPEC controls about a third of the world’s oil output.评分说明：第三部分为阅读新闻报道并回答问题，共5题，每题5分，共25分。

全国2018年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed greatly since the founding of the People’s Republic. ( )A. substantiallyB. initiallyC. secondlyD. commercially2. I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. ( )A. attractedB. prolongedC. transformedD. announced3. China’s special economic zones will still be “special”after the country’s entry to the WTO.( )A. companiesB. areasC. producesD. funds4. Now the world has witnessed China’s emergence and its impact on both the US and the Asia-Pacific region. ( )A. emergencyB. existenceC. appearanceD. distance5. In 1991, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.( ) A. reversed B. stoppedC. registeredD. consolidated6. An economic confrontation will be destroying in its own way depending on how long it is carried on. ( )A. conflictB. combinationC. consequenceD. connection7. Europe has just traversed one of its roughest economic storms in years.( )A. transmittedB. passedC. transportedD. soured8. Regional and bilateral trade agreements form an integral part of the US approach to international trade policy. ( )A. standB. issueC. wayD. thrust9. There is a trend in an attempt to compete against Microsoft’s dominance in desktop applications. ( )A. rivalB. reachC. outstripD. forge10. The UAE remains wary about Iraq’s threat to Kuwait and, therefore, to the Gulf.( ) A. massive B. parallelC. reasonableD. watchful11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment. ( )A. stimulateB. squanderC. surpriseD. sustain12. Dealers continue to secure parts sales from aftermarket (配件市场) channels.( ) A. exert B. flourishC. acquireD. subsidize13. This measure aims to support commercial promotion in order to increase enterprise competitiveness in thefield. ( )A. placeB. pushC. pressureD. pull14. It could make sense to subsidize the preschool activities of children of poor families since these children maywell receive inadequate care without such subsidies. ( )A. supportB. provideC. supplyD. furnish15. The UN Terrorism Prevention Branch describes various types of conventional terrorist weapons. ( )A. transitionalB. tropicalC. translationalD. traditional二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.36. What does “it” in the first sentence refer to? What does the sentence “the local trucks and buses jockey withCadillacs” imply?37. What do “eventually” and “give way to” mean respectively in the passage?38. Where is the biggest container plant in Asia situated? Where are the tractor-trailors going?Passage 2Gold: lower. after coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U.S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan’s discount rate.39. W hat were “New York advices”?40. What happened to the gold price when the dollar strengthened?41. What brought about the strength of the dollar according to the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company’s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company’s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results, the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company’s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.42. The purpose of this article is to discuss every market activity. ( )43. It is reasonable for companies to expect return for their expense in marketing.( ) 44. The most successful companies believe that marketing forms an additional expense.( )45. In order to make a good marketing plan, it is necessary to focus on current administrative detail. ( )46. As marketing creates standards to measure actual performance, it will produce lasting results.( )Passage 2Apart from the various subsidies governments offer to their exporters, governments also refund to their exporters the product tax, the import tariff of the components of the exported finished products. This is justifiable as they are finally to be borne by the customers in the importing nations and so the funding is not taken as a kind of subsidy. Now the average product tax refunding rate of the exported products in China is about lower than 10%.Developing nations can also adjust down the exchange rate of their currencies with foreign currencies to encourage export. This is sometimes very effective because it means to reduce prices of their goods in foreign markets. But this will also mean great loss in paying off the foreign loans and shatter the standing of their currencies in international financial markets.Nations also negotiate among themselves to ease the trade among them. They might reach various trade agreements. The present trend is regional economic integration, of which the first stage is free trade area, within which the international flow of goods is free of tariff imposition. North American Free Trade Area is such an instance. The second stage is tariff union, within which the countries not only adopt free trade policy but also united tariff system. Caribbean Community is such an example. The third stage is common market, which is more integrated in that it also allows free flow of labor and capital within this area. Finally, there is economic union, which requires its member countries to adopt uniform economic systems, such as those in finance and social welfare. They will also use the same currency.47. Product tax is a kind of government subsidy.( )48. The customers who buy the imported goods from China pay 10% less of the tariff.( ) 49. By lowering the exchange rate of its currency, the country can market its goods at a lower price in the importing country. ( )50. Adjusting down the exchange rate will sometimes make the currency less strong.( ) 51. All the forms of economic integration across the border aim at keeping trade balances.( ) 六、翻译题（本大题12分）Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion —no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204—unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.。

2024年自考-自考专业(国贸)-外刊经贸知识选读考试历年真题常考点试题带答案（图片大小可任意调节）第1卷一.单选题(共20题)1.Will you _________ playing basketball?A.join us inB. join toC. join us toD. to join us2.Our teachers made us ________a lot of homework after school.A.to doB.doingC.doD.to have done until seven o clock.3.The cost of the various repairs amounts __________ total to just over a hundred pounds.A. toB.inC.byD.for4.His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.A.added upB.added up inC. added up toD.was added up5.I don't know_________.B.how I could finish my homework on timeC.I can how finish my homework on the timeD.how I can finish my homework on time6.________, the first settlers found in New Zealand many strange birds and animals that exist nowhere else in the world.A.As in AustraliaB.As AustraliaC.Like in AustraliaD.Like Australia7.The storm died away at last with the golden waves __________ the shore in peace.A.beatB.to beatC.beatingD. beaten8.I don ’ t want to buy the sweater because I don ’ t like the color. __________, it is too expensive.A.ExceptB.Except forC.HoweverD.Besides9.You should try to write __________ eve n when you ’ re busy. As you know, pract ice makes perfect.A.now and thenB.more or lessC.sooner or laterD.here and there10.We are living a_____A.stillB.quietC.calmD.silent11.When Bob woke up he found himself in hospital, but he didn t __________.A.came aboutB. came outC. came along12.The world ’ s smallest baby, a __________ girl weighed just 24 grams when she was born .A.three monthsB.three-month-oldC.three months oldD.three-months-old13.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A./B.theC.aD.one14.John said he would pay __________ second visit to China __________ next month.A.the; /B. the; theC.a; theD.a; /15.I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?A.may seeB. can seeC. may have seenD. can ’ t have seen16.Are you _________ your classmates well?A.getting alongB.get long withC.getting long withD.getting along with life in the country.17.--- Have you moved into the new house? --- Not yet. The rooms __________.A.are paintingB.are being paintedC.are paintedD.have painted18.—You look very pale. You __________ very tired. —I didn ’ t sleep at all last night.A.must beB. must have been19.I want your_________, sir. I don t know what to do.A.advicesB.piece of advicesC.adviceD.advise20.For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.A.rainedB.rainsC.was rainingD.has been raining第2卷一.单选题(共20题)1.You look not a bit older than you did 5 years ago. How do you __________so young?A.changeB.growC.becomeD.stay2.At this moment the bell rang, ________ the end of class.A.announcedB.. having announcedC.announcingD.to announce3.Mr. Smith is in good health now for it is quite a long time since he __________.A.not smokedB.smokedC. has smokedD.began to smoke4.I _________when I was a young girl.C.made diariesD.kept diaries5.It's seven thirty. I_________ go to school.A.have gotB.have got toC.got toD.had got to6.Where was __________ you met with the famous scientist?A.it thatB.itC.the placeD.there7.No one _________of it.A.dared to speakingB.dared speakC. can dared speakD.dare speaking8.This is the first time that I_________ at the meeting.A. had spokenB. have spokenC.amD. was9.An A4 sized panel ( 太阳能板 ) put onto the back of a jacket costs __________ US$15. It could __________ a cellphone during a summer walk.A.at most; workB.at least; controlC.at least; fuelD.at most; charge10.Our teacher __________ us to practise our spoken English as often as possible.A.hopesB.suggestsC.advisesD.lets11.Wood is often _________ paper.ed to be madeed making12.—It ’ s a warm day, isn —’ Yes, t it? it ’ s __________ cold. I just wear a jacket.A.not a bitB.a bitC.a littleD. not a little13.The speech is strongly impressed ________ my memory.A.toB.overC.byD.on14.You __________ put your computer in your bedroom.A.don ’ t needB.had not betterC.had better notD.ought not15.He came into the classroom_________.A.very upsetB.being upsetC.to upsetD.to be upset16.The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A.is increasingB.has increasedC.are increasedD. have increased17.The boy bought a new dictionary__________ he turned for help.A.from whichB. into whichC. whichD. to which18.__________ twenty-fifth of December is __________Christmas Day.C.The; aD.A; the19.— How are you today? —Oh, I __________ as ill as I do now for a long time.A.didn ’ t feelB.didn ’ t feelC. wasn’ t feelingD.don ’ t feel20.The two main popular__________ of Easter are the Easter bunny and the Easter egg.A.signsB. symbolsC. marksD.signals第1卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： A2.参考答案： C3.参考答案： B4.参考答案： C5.参考答案： D7.参考答案： C8.参考答案： D9.参考答案： A10.参考答案： B11.参考答案： A12.参考答案： B13.参考答案： C14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： C16.参考答案： D17.参考答案： B18.参考答案： A20.参考答案： D第2卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： D2.参考答案： C3.参考答案： B4.参考答案： A5.参考答案： B6.参考答案： A7.参考答案： B8.参考答案： B10.参考答案： C11.参考答案： B12.参考答案： A13.参考答案： D14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： A16.参考答案： B17.参考答案： D18.参考答案： A19.参考答案： B20.参考答案： B。

习题二1.简释下列概念：需求答：是指在某一特准时代内,对应于某一商品的各类价钱,人们同意并且可以或许购置的数目.需求纪律答：一种广泛经济现象的经验总结,指在影响需求的其他身分既定的前提下,商品的需求量与其价钱之间消失着反向的依存关系,即商品价钱上升,需求量削减;商品价钱降低,需求量增长.需求的变动答：指当商品本身的价钱不变时,因为其他身分的变动引起的需求数目的变更.供应答：是指临盆者（厂商）在一准时代和一订价钱程度下同意并且可以或许供给的某种商品的数目.供应纪律答：一种广泛经济现象的经验总结,指：在影响供应的其他身分既定的前提下,商品的供应量与其价钱之间消失着正向的依存关系,即商品价钱上升,供应量增长;商品价钱降低,供应量削减.供应的变动答：指当商品本身的价钱既准时,因为其他身分的变动引起的供应数目的变更.需求的价钱弹性答：是指一种商品的需求量对其价钱变动的反响程度,其弹性系数等于需求量变动的百分比除以价钱变动的百分比.平日简称为需求弹性.需求的收入弹性答：是指一种商品的需求量对花费者收入变动的反响程度,其弹性系数等于需求量变动的百分比与收入变动的百分比之比.需求的交叉弹性答：是需求的交叉价钱弹性的简称,指一种商品的需求量对另一种商品的价钱变动的反响程度,其弹性系数等于一种商品需求量变动的百分比与另一种商品价钱变动的百分比之比.供应弹性答：是一种商品的供应量对其价钱变动的反响程度,其弹性系数等于供应量变动的百分比与价钱变动的百分比之比.平衡价钱答：是指花费者对某种商品的需求量等于临盆者所供给的该商品的供应量时的市场价钱.供求纪律答：指平衡价钱和平衡产量与需求均呈同偏向变动,平衡价钱与供应呈反偏向变动,而平衡产量与供应呈同偏向变动.2.下列情形产生时,某种蘑菇的需求曲线若何移动？⑴卫生组织宣布一份陈述,称食用这种蘑菇会致癌;⑵另一种蘑菇价钱上涨了;⑶花费者收入增长了;⑷培养蘑菇的工人工资增长了.答：⑴对此蘑菇的需求曲线会向左移.因为卫生组织宣布的该蘑菇会致癌的陈述会使得人们广泛产生对食用此种蘑菇的恐怖心理,从而在任一价钱程度下大大削减对它的需求量.⑵此蘑菇的需求曲线会向右移.因为各个品种的蘑菇属于互替商品,当另一种蘑菇的价钱上涨后人们会削减对那种蘑菇的需求量,并经由过程多花费此种蘑菇来实现替代.因而在任一价钱程度下增长了对此种蘑菇的需求量.⑶此种蘑菇的需求曲线会向右移.因为花费者收入的增长意味着他们购置力的加强,这将使他们增长对这种蘑菇在内的正常商品的需求量,并且在任一价钱程度下都是如斯.⑷此种蘑菇的需求曲线不变,假如不斟酌培养蘑菇的工人作为花费者对此种蘑菇的需求的话.因为培养蘑菇的工人工资增长只影响蘑菇的供应成本进而影响其供应曲线,对需求曲线则不产生影响.3.假设一个坐标图上有两条外形为直线但斜率不合的需求曲线,在这两条需求曲线的订交之点的弹性是否相等？假定这两条订交的需求曲线不是直线而曲直线,交点上弹性是否相等？答：两条斜率不合的直线性需求曲线在订交之点各自的弹性是不相等的,斜率绝对值小（坡度较平缓）的那条需求曲线在交点处的弹性大一些.PCAED1D2,它们与横轴12分离订交于点B.D,与纵轴分离订交于点A.C,两条需求线订交于点E .这里,D 1之斜率绝对D 2之斜率绝对显然即D 2斜率绝对值较大.由几何表述法可知在交点E 处,D 1D 2之弹性系数.因EF ∥OC,故,,则这标明在两条需求曲线交点处斜率绝对值较小（坡度较缓）的需求曲线D 1的弹性系数值E d1大于斜率绝对值较大（坡度较陡）的需求曲线D 2的弹性系数E d2.两条曲线型的需求曲线在它们订交处的各自弹性也是不相等的.PCAED 1e 2D12,两者订交于点E .在E 点D 1的切线为e 1.D 2的切线为e 2.显然,D 1切线e 1的斜率小于D 2切线e 2的斜率.在D1.D2交点E,固然它们具有雷同的坐标地位,即有雷同Ｐ与Ｑ的数值,但因为D1切线e1的斜率小于D2切线e2的斜率,是以D1的弹性大于D2的弹性,即在交点处它们具有不合的弹性.4.下图中有三条为直线的需求曲线.PFed⑵试比较a.d和e点的需求价钱弹性.答：⑴用E a.E b和E c分离代表a.b和c点的需求弹性,则因为因而E a=E b=E c⑵用E a.E d和E e分离代表a.d和e点的需求弹性,则因为因而E a〈E d〈E e5.假如斟酌到进步临盆者的收入,那么对农产品和轿车一类高等花费品应采纳提价照样降价的办法?为什么?答：对农产品,应采纳提价的办法;对轿车这类高等花费品则应采纳降价的办法.根据需求的价钱弹性与发卖总收入之间的关系,我们知道,对需求富于弹性的商品来说,其发卖总收入与价钱成反偏向变动,即它随价钱的进步而削减,随价钱的降低而增长;而对需求缺少弹性的商品来说,其发卖总收入与价钱成正偏向变动,即它随价钱的进步而增长,随价钱的降低而削减.所以,为了进步临盆者的收入,对农产品这类需求缺少弹性的必须品应当采纳提价办法,而对于轿车这类需求富于弹性的高等奢靡品应当采纳降价的办法.6.什么是蛛网模子？蛛网模子的情势和商品的需求弹性与供应弹性有什么关系？为什么一些西方经济学家以为蛛网模子现象在实际临盆中是很少消失的？答：一些商品（尤其是农副产品）的市场价钱和产量在长期中常会表示出周期性的轮回摇动.用动态剖析办法解释这一现象并考核其最终平衡状况实现情形的理论被称为“蛛网模子”,因为在“价钱——产量”坐标系中,这些商品的价钱——产量摇动的轨迹象蛛网外形.蛛网模子的情势的商品的需求弹性和供应弹性的系数有关：①假如商品的需求价钱弹性和供应价钱弹性的系数相等,则市场一旦因为某种原因偏离平衡后价钱和产量将按统一幅度不竭摇动,永久达不到平衡状况.因为这种摇动始终沿一个关闭环路轮回不已,所以这种蛛网模子被称为“关闭式蛛网”;②假如商品的需求价钱弹性系数小于供应价钱弹性系数,则价钱和产量会以越来越小幅度摇动,直到平衡时为止.这种蛛网模子被称为“收敛式蛛网”;③假如商品的需求价钱弹性系数大于供应价钱弹性系数,则价钱和产量的变动在时光序列中会越来越偏离平衡地位而呈发散图外形,故这种蛛网模子被称为“发散式蛛网”.蛛网模子赖以成立的假设前提很严厉,包含产品不轻易储存,市场信息极不灵通,临盆者对产品的预期价钱和需求一窍不通,只能把今朝价钱作为下期产量的根据,但这种非理性预期的假设是不相符实际的,是以这种蛛网模子所描写的现象在实际生涯中是很少消失的.7.某君对花费品X分离盘算价钱P=60和产量Q=900时的需求价钱弹性系数.故需求价钱弹性系数可一般地表述为当P=60时,需求价钱弹性系数为当Q=900时故此时需求价钱弹性系数为8.甲公司临盆皮鞋,现价每双６０美元,某年的发卖量每月大约１００００双,但其竞争者乙公司在该年1月份把皮鞋价钱从每双６５美元降到５５美元,甲公司２月份发卖量跌到８０００双.试问：⑴这两个公司皮鞋的交叉弹性是若干（甲公司皮鞋价钱不变）？⑵若甲公司皮鞋弧弹性是-２．０,乙公司把皮鞋价钱保持在５５美元,甲公司想把发卖量恢复到每月１００００双的程度,问每双要降价到若干？答：由题设则 ⑴甲公司和乙公司皮鞋的交叉价钱弹性为⑵设甲公司皮鞋价钱要降到P X2才干使其发卖量恢复到10000双的程度.由即9.⑵Ｙ商品的需求函数亦为直线;交;,Ｘ的需求弹性之绝对值只有Ｙ的需求弹性之绝对值的１／２.请根据上述已知前提推导出Ｙ的需求函数.答：由假设⑴,则由假设⑶,知Y 之需求曲线经由过程点(36,8)同时,在点(36,8),X则由假设⑷得Y于是,据假设⑵,由点斜式直线方程得商品Y 之需求曲线为10.在商品X市场中,有10000个雷同的小我,每小我的需求函同时又有1000个雷同的临盆者,每个临盆者的供⑴推导商品X的市场需求函数和市场供应函数.⑵在统一坐标系中,绘出商品X的市场需求曲线和市场供应曲线,并暗示出平衡点.⑶求平衡价钱和平衡产量.⑷假设每个花费者的收入有了增长,其小我需求曲线向右移动了2个单位,求收入变更后的市场需求函数及平衡价钱和平衡产量,并在坐标图上予以暗示.⑸假设每个临盆者的临盆技巧程度有了很大进步,其小我供应曲线向右移动了40个单位,求技巧变更后的市场供应函数及平衡价钱和平衡产量,并在坐标图上予以暗示.⑹假设当局对售出的每单位商品X征收2美元的发卖税,并且对1000名发卖者一视同仁,这个决议对平衡价钱和平衡产量有何影响？实际上谁付出了税款？当局征收的总税额为若干？⑺假设当局对临盆出的每单位商品X赐与1美元的补贴,并且对1000名商品X的临盆者一视同仁,这个决议对平衡价钱和平衡产量有什么影响？商品X的花费者能从中获益吗？答：⑴商品X的市场需求函数商品X⑵见下图⑶由D=S,市场需求函数响应变成于是,由D‘=S,市场供应函数响应变成于是,由D=S‘,⑹征收2美元发卖税会使每一发卖者供应曲线向上移动,且移动的垂直距离等于2美元.市场供应函数响应变成于是,由D=S“,即这一征税措施使平衡价钱由3美元上升为4美元,平衡发卖量由60000单位削减到40000单位.尽管当局是向发卖者征收税款,但该商品的花费者也分管了税额的付出.在当局向发卖者征税后,花费者购置每单位商品X要付出4美元,而不是征税前的3美元,单位产品实际付出价钱比征税前多了1美元.同时每单位时代仅花费40000单位的商品X,而不是税前的60000单位.发卖者出售每单位商品X从花费者手上收到4美元发卖款,但仅留下2美元,其余的2美元作为税金交给了当局,单位产品实际得到价钱比征税前少了1美元.是以在当局征收的这2美元发卖税中,花费者和发卖者实际各付出了一半.在这种情形下,税额的累赘由花费者和发卖者平均承担的.当局征收的总税额每单位时代为2×40000=80000美元.⑺1美元补贴会引起每一临盆者供应曲线向下移动,且移动的垂直距离为1美元.市场供应函数响应变成于是,由D=S“‘,即这一补贴措施使平衡价钱由3美元降到美元,平衡产销量由60000单位增长到70000单位.尽管这一补贴是直接付给了商品X的临盆者,但是该商品的花费者也从中得到了利益.花费者如今购置每单位商品X只需付出美元,而不是补贴前的3美元,并且他们如今每单位时代花费70000单位而不是60000单位的商品X,其花费者残剩增长情形如下：在给补贴前即价钱是3美元,产量是60000时,花费者残剩是：（6－3）×60000÷2=90000元;在给补贴后即价钱是元,产量是70000时,花费者残剩是：(6－2.5)×70000÷2=122500元,故花费者残剩增长：122500-90000=32500美元.。

全国2010年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences. （本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. Owing to the financial crisis, economic problems were exacerbated all over the world.A. deterioratedB. improvedC. enlargedD. transformed2. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years.A. run awayB. reductionC. enhancementD. downward3. Figures show that the bulk of our foreign obligations consist of non-bank trade-related credits.A. investmentsB. profitsC. revenuesD. debts4. Foreign investors want to enjoy the same tax status as the domestic ones.A. treatmentB. declineC. supportD. objection5. More than a decade of fast growth makes China to supplant Japan as West’s main trade worry in Asia.A. exceedB. replaceC. agreeD. defeat6. Many governments have promised to take measures to help the unemployed.A. actionB. sizeC. degreeD. care7. Discrimination against goods from foreign countries is prohibited by WTO.A. equalityB. fairnessC. different treatmentD. strict policy8. America’s embrace of the free-trade agreements balanced all the criticism from the developing countries.A. suggestionB. insistenceC. oppositionD. acceptance9. Because of the mutual benefits no one would take a breach of those law lightly.A. offenceB. obedienceC. strikeD. rest10. Economists reckon Japanese bilateral trade surplus with America is also growing rapidly.A. recognizeB. calculateC. predictD. suggest11. Korea’s ambitious plans include a wholesale revamping of the country’s basic industries.A. reconstructingB. retractingC. releasingD. reverting12. Even the well established consultants are finding it hard to secure definitive lucrative projects.A. profitableB. reasonableC. safeD. risky13. Japanese managers act more like western managers, putting profits befo re their firm’s market share.A. opportunityB. prospectC. protectionD. part14. In the U.S. soft drink industry is dominated by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.A. competedB. balancedC. madeD. controlled15. Investment funds have moved out of commodities and into liquid assets.A. in the form of waterB. movingC. easily changed into cashD. clear二、Put the following phrases into English.（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。