2010年冬大学英语四级考试模拟题二

大学英语四级考试模拟题三Part Ⅰ Writing （30 minutes ）Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic: ONE –OFF CHOPSTICKS. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese ：1. 你和你的朋友在餐厅就餐，你的朋友对餐厅提供的非一次性筷子不满。

你和你的朋友在餐厅就餐，你的朋友对餐厅提供的非一次性筷子不满。

2. 餐厅的负责人解释说这是为了节约资源，餐厅的负责人解释说这是为了节约资源， 并保证这些餐具已经严格消毒；并保证这些餐具已经严格消毒；3. 你对此事的看法和采取的做法。

你对此事的看法和采取的做法。

One-off Chopsticks注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning ）（）（15 minutes） Directions ： In In this this this part, part, part, you you you will will will have have have 15 minutes 15 minutes to to go go go over over over the the the passage passage passage quickly quickly quickly and and and answer answer answer the the questions on A nswer Sheet 1Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked . For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题（十）2009年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题(十)Part I writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Dormitory Life . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。

2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。

3. 宿舍生活利与弊。

Dormitory LifePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)D irections:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon theaction was over.Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement,or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.Skin Is the KeyThe biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When thefibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while s wimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers.This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water likea living bullet.Source of EnergyWhat causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”. Instead of ai r pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling muchenergy to be stored.This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the storyis predictable.Dolphin Has Speed RecordAnother fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.Other Animals Less EfficientNot all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawlingover it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses onlyone twelfth as much energy.Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except______________.［A］to find food［B］to avoid being chased by its enemies［C］to find a new place to live［D］to show its braveness2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that _______________.［A］humans are the most clever living creatures in the world［B］human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment ［C］humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools［D］humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?［A］The skin.［B］The tail.［C］The muscle.［D］The jaw.4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagenfibers to the greatest extent?［A］When moving its tail rapidly.［B］When finding its preys.［C］When staying without any movement.［D］When bending its body in swimming.5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers sim ilar to a belted radial tire?［A］Because it is also full of blood pressure.［B］Because it is also filled of air pressure.［C］Because it is also inflated by pressure.［D］Because it also can be used again and again.6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims________________.［A］slowly through the water［B］rapidly through the water［C］against the current［D］at the fastest speed in water7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long asit______________.［A］one twelfth times.［B］the same.［C］12 times.［D］1.2 times.8.A shark finds its prey by________________.9.According to the passage, _______________can be compared to the string of a bow for bothof them store energy when stretched.10.When the shark detects an important food source, __________________________take place.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11.［A］He had finished his work.［B］He came back to surprise his wife.［C］He came back for lunch.［D］He came back to fetch some document.12.［A］At a library.［B］In a bus.［C］At the airport.［D］At a post office.13.［A］There’s a paper by the door.［B］The paper must have blown away.［C］He should look further under the desk.［D］He can buy another one at the corner.14. ［A］11: 25.［B］11: 40.［C］11: 46.［D］11: 26.15.［A］The rent is too high.［B］He can’t afford the high taxes.［C］He doesn’t want to live in the suburbs.［D］It’s too far away from his office.16.［A］No. He has to finish his homework.［B］No. He doesn’t like g oing to the club.［C］Yes. He’ll go after he finishes his homework.［D］Yes. He’ll write his paper after he returns.17. ［A］She lost her way. ［B］She lost her keys.［C］She lost her car. ［D］She lost her handbag.18.［A］Worried and frightened. ［B］Very relaxed.［C］Quite unhappy. ［D］Angry with the professor. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. ［A］In a classroom.［B］In a snack bar.［C］In the dormitory.［D］In a camera shop.20.［A］The man’s brother.［B］The man’s roommate.［C］A neighbor.［D］A photographer.21.［A］He’s noisy.［B］He’s messy.［C］He doesn’t tell the truth.［D］He doesn’t close the door. 22.［A］He worked for a radio station.［B］He lived in a dormitory.［C］He took a long trip.［D］He visited the man’s family. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.［A］One of his classes finished early.［B］He wanted to get some studying done.［C］The library had a special display on the Industrial Revolution.［D］His books were ten days overdue.24. ［A］Checked them out.［B］T ook notes on them.［C］Returned them to the shelves.［D］Put them in his bookbag.25. ［A］They are marked with colored labels.［B］They are specially coded.［C］They are checked out.［D］They are inspected by the guard.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage Oneheard.26. ［A］To show off their wealth.［B］T o feel good.［C］To regain their memory.［D］T o be different from others.27.［A］To help solve their psychological problems.［B］T o play games with them.［C］To send them to the hospital.［D］T o make them aware of its harmfulness.28. ［A］They need care and affection.［B］They are fond of round the world trips.［C］They are mostly from broken families.［D］They are likely to commit crimes.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. ［A］He lost consciousness.［B］He was slightly wounded.［C］He was seriously injured.［D］He was buried under an icebox.30. ［A］About four days.［B］Around eight days.［C］A day and a half.［D］More than six days.31. ［A］His father pulled him out in time.［B］He left the area before the earthquake.［C］He stayed in an icebox.［D］Their house escaped the earthquake.Passage Threeheard.32. ［A］They want to change the way English is taught.［B］They learn English to find well-paid jobs.［C］They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.［D］They know clearly what they want to learn.33. ［A］Professionals.［B］College students.［C］Beginners.［D］Intermediate earners.34. ［A］Courses for doctors.［B］Courses for businessmen.［C］Courses for reporters.［D］Courses for lawyers.35. ［A］Three groups of learners.［B］The importance of business English.［C］English for Specific Purposes.［D］Features of English for different papacies.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy sourcerecently. However, it(36)__________ will become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling(37)___________ of natural gas and oil. Although coal(38)______________to be black, it actually has black, yellow, orange, and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope.Coal probably was formed about 300 million years ago by(39)______________trees and other plant life growing in(40)_____________. These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen, hydrogen, and (41)____________ . As the earth changed its (42)__________, the weight of the ground (43)____________ down on the trees and plants. Thus seamsof coal were formed.(44)_________________________. Strip mining is quicker and safer than underground mining, but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. (45)_____________________. While both underground and strip mines still can be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were.(46)_____________________. Many of today’s coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite safe and very important.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 47 you money or can add to the cost. Take the 48 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the 49 buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 50 price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive 51 to dry yourhair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer themost expensive one of all.So what principles should you 52 when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable 53 in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money i n the long run. Before you buy a new 54 , talk to someone who owns one .If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive 55 , or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose 56three items or three estimates.［A］possession［B］save［C］best［D］appliance［E］material［F］from［G］simple［H］with［I］in［J］element［K］model［L］item［M］easy［N］adopt［O］reasonableSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For eachof them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friendsbut need them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft.If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but moreintense friendships.Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.57.The second paragraph implies that_____________ .［A］teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems［B］a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship［C］human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging［D］both A and B58. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that ______________.［A］everyone is a part of an island ［B］man cannot be an island［C］everyone is just a part of society ［D］society is an island59. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on_____________.［A］age［B］belonging［C］personality ［D］culture60. The author thinks that close friends_____________________.［A］can be easily formed when one is young［B］cannot be long-lasting［C］are not rare for everyone［D］are rare for most people61.The w ord “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means______________________.［A］not respecting ［B］dishonoring［C］regardless［D］consideringPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle’s husband, an engineer, took his four ch ildren up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, therehad been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home—the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. “It’s typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore otherpeople’s pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act.By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty.”62.When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle_________.［A］could not forgive him for taking the children［B］had been expecting it to happen for some time［C］could not understand why［D］blamed herself for what had happened63. Most people who leave their families behind them___________.［A］do so without warning［B］do so because of their debts［C］come back immediately［D］change their names64. Some people would even prefer the death to the running away of their spousebecause___________.［A］their spouse would feel no pain during the death［B］their spouse’s death w ould not blow their pride and confidence［C］a desertion would not bring a feeling of rejection or failure［D］their spouse’s death would make them feel less painful65.The man or woman left behind with an unfinished marriage usually______________.［A］admits responsibility for the situation［B］wishes the person who has left were dead［C］comes back within a year［D］will have no legal marriage life for seven years66. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as___________________.［A］an act of despair［B］an act of selfishness［C］the result of a sudden decision［D］the result of the enormous sense of guiltPart ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.Modern people wear many masks that keep their reality confined and 67 , even to themselves. The possibility of encountering one’s 68 , learning about one’s self, is frightening and 69 . Many people expect 70 the worst. A hidden fear 71 the fact that they may also discover the best. To discover the worst is to face the decision of 72 or not to continue in the same pattern. To learn the best is to face the decision of whether or not to live up 73 it. 74 discovery may involve change and 75 causes anxiety. 76 , this can be a creative anxiety which may be thought of as excitement—the excitement of enhancing one’s 77 for being a winner. Transactional analysis is a(n) 78 you can use to know yourself, to know how you relate to others, and to discover the dramatic 79 your life is taking. The unit of personality structure is the ego state. By becoming 80 of your ego state, you can 81 between your various sources of thoughts, feelings, and behavior pattern. You can be more aware of thechoices available to you.The unit of measure in interpersonal relationships is the 82 . By analyzing your transactions, you can gain a 83 conscious control of how you operate with other people and how they operate with you. Transactional analysis is a practical 84 from which you can 85 old decisions and behavior and change 86 you decide is desirablefor you to change.67.［A］known［B］unknown［C］surrounded［D］unlimited68. ［A］mask ［B］armor［C］reality［D］fact69. ［A］frustrating ［B］exciting［C］interesting［D］encouraging70. ［A］discovering ［B］to discover［C］be discovered ［D］to be discovered71. ［A］relies on ［B］lies in［C］based on［D］according to72. ［A］how ［B］why［C］what［D］whether73. ［A］to ［B］on［C］with［D］in74. ［A］Both［B］Either［C］One［D］Neither75. ［A］therefore ［B］however［C］even［D］but76. ［A］Therefore ［B］Moreover［C］Then［D］However77. ［A］possibility ［B］pattern［C］anxiety［D］decision78. ［A］instrument ［B］appliance［C］equipment［D］tool79. ［A］course ［B］process［C］track［D］direction80. ［A］beware ［B］aware［C］awake［D］unconscious81. ［A］choose ［B］change ［C］distinguish［D］compare82. ［A］transaction ［B］transition［C］transmission［D］transformation83. ［A］much ［B］more［C］few［D］little84. ［A］desire ［B］frame ［C］stage［D］step85. ［A］evaluate ［B］change［C］make［D］decide86. ［A］which ［B］that［C］whether ［D］whatPart Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinesegiven in brackets.87. The price of beer_________________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summerseason.88.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,__________________(正在研制) and perfected now.89. He wears a pair of sunglasses____________________(唯恐被别人认出来).91.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you_________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the timebeing.92.The substance does not dissolve in water______________ (不管是否加热).2009年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题答案(十)Part I Writing【写作思路】要求写一篇关于宿舍生活的议论文。

2010年12月英语四级真题答案解析【作文范文】范文1:Today in China, many families have only one child. So the children usually doted upon by all family members. Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and family members, as a result they lack the ability to face their lives by themselves.There are some ways to help children to be independent. First, the child should have a chance to see the world around him individually to understand that there are various people and competitions in their lives, and learn to find his right position in the society only by individual efforts. Second, it is impossible to ask a child not to depend on parents at once.The parents may give the child enough help and space to make him feel comfortable. A child needs help from their families. Because without any help, the child may lose his faith. Thirdly, parents can help their children make their own decisions, which can challenge his ability to deal with problems. A child should be praised when he is successful or encouraged when he fails.To be independent is vital for the children, because no parents can go with their children for the whole life. Only an independent person can live and enjoy a full and meaningful life.范文2：Nowadays, more and more parents indulge their children too much, showing too much love to them. The parents get used to make an arrangement of everything for their children. As result, many adult children will not deal with things by themselves but depend on their parents strongly.How should parents help children to be independent? On the one hand, parents should try to tell the children the importance of independence at an early age. If the children have no awareness early, how can we expect them to achieve independence later. On the other hand, let the children always have a try by themselves before asking for help. Let them know that independent thinking is an absolute necessity in their life.Helping children towards independence will always be our businesses.【快速阅读】（1）选A: People instinltively seek nature in different ways.解析：问题是作者的profound belief，第一段的最后一句给出了答案，whether we know we are doing so or not（不管我们知道与否）相当于句中的instinctively（本能地）.（2）选D: Things that are purchased.解析：文中第二段最后一句给出了答案，“odd ne w perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought”，奇怪的新观念，什么对孩子最好，能买到的东西。

2010年6月英语四级考试考前模拟考试试题及答(三)2010年6月英语四级考试考前模拟考试试题及答案(三)Part I writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Dormitory Life . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。

2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。

3. 宿舍生活利与弊。

Dormitory LifePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage。

Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock。

2010年12月英语四级答案解析（1）选A: People instinltively seek nature in different ways.解析：问题是作者的profound belief，第一段的最后一句给出了答案，whether we know we are doing so or not（不管我们知道与否）相当于句中的instinctively（本能地）.（2）选D: Things that are purchased.解析：文中第二段最后一句给出了答案，“odd new percep tions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought”，奇怪的新观念，什么对孩子最好，能买到的东西。

（3）选B: More access to the nature makes children less likely to fall ill.解析：瑞典研究出现在文中的第四段第一句，在自然环境中玩耍的幼儿园小朋友比在运动场玩耍的小朋友少患病，身体也更健康。

很明显，B选项最符合语意。

（4）选D: are less likely to be involved in bullying解析：此题对应的是第六段的第一句，the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore，恃强凌弱的现象在孩子们感兴趣去发现的自然环境中很少发生。

因此，D选项是正确答案。

（5）选B: Provide more green spaces for them.解析：第8段最后两句，众多研究表明，与自然接触对患有多动症的孩子最有益。

虽然如此，我们还是把钱花在了药物上，而非绿化环境。

因此B选项，提供更多的绿化面积，是正确答案。

2010年12月英语四级全真预测试题及答案Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Generation Gap. You should write at least120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 代沟的表现。

2. 代沟出现的家庭原因。

3. 代沟出现的社会原因。

Generation GapPart ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediatelytransformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic waythe important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new。

Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出)something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"—string of alphabetic or numerical characters—ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. Alarge part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.57. Which of the following is TRUE about memory?[A] It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.[B] It is based on the decisions we made in the past.[C] It is rooted in our past habits and skills.[D] It connects our past experiences with the present.58. According to the passage, memory is helpful in one's life in the following aspects EXCEPT that ________.[A] it involves a change in one's behavior[B] it keeps information for later use[C] it warns people not to do things repeatedly[D] it enables one to remember events that happened in the past59. What is the author's view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?[A] Computers have better memory than a child does.[B] Computers are as intelligent as a teenager is.[C] Computers can understand as many as 100,000 words.[D] Human beings are far superior to computers.60. What is the major characteristic of man's memory capacity according to the author?[A] It can be expanded by language. [C] It may keep all the information in the past.[B] It can remember all the combined words. [D] It may change what has been stored in it.61. Human beings make themselves different from other animals by _______.[A] having the ability to perceive danger[B] having a far greater memory capacity[C] having the ability to recognize faces and places on sight[D] having the ability to draw on past experiences。

2010年12月英语四级真题附答案解析（听力部分，选词填空部分）写作Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……听力理解短对话11. A) The man should visit the museumB) She can’t stand the hot weatherC) The beach resort is a good choiceD) She enjoys staying in Washington12. A) Her new responsibilities in the companyB) What her job prospects areC) What the customers’ feedback isD) The director’s opinion of her work13. A) Combine her training with dietingB) Repeat the training every three daysC) Avoid excessive physical trainingD) Include weightlifting in the program14. A) When she will return homeB) Whether she can go by herselfC) Whether she can travel by airD) When she will completely recover15. A) The woman knows how to deal with the policeB) The woman had been fined many times beforeC) The woman had violated traffic regulationsD) The woman is good at finding excuses16. A) Switch off the refrigerator for a whileB) Have someone repair the refrigeratorC) Ask the man to fix the refrigeratorD) Buy a refrigerator of better quality17. A) He owns a piece of land in the downtown areaB) He has got enough money to buy a houseC) He can finally do what he has dreamed ofD) He is moving into a bigger apartment18. A) She is black and blue all overB) She has to go to see a doctor]C) She stayed away from work for a few daysD) She got hurt in an accident yesterday长对话Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) She was a bank managerB) She was a victim of the robberyC) She was a defense lawyerD) She was a witness to the crime20. A) A tall man with dark hair and a moustacheB) A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face]C) A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweaterD) A medium-sized young man carrying a gun21. A) Identify the suspect from pictureB) Go upstairs to sign some documentC) Have her photo taken for their filesD) Verify the record of what she had saidQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) By reading a newspaper adB) By seeing a commercial on TVC) By listening to the morning newsD) By calling an employment service23. A) She could improve her foreign languageB) She could work close to her familyC) She could travel overseas frequentlyD) She could use her previous experiences24. A) Taking management coursesB) Teaching English at a universityC) Working as a secretaryD) Studying for a degree in French25. A) Prepare for an interview in a couple of daysB) Read the advertisement again for more detailsC) Send in a written application as soon as possibleD) Get to know the candidates on the short list篇章Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They cannot see the firefighters because of the smokeB) They do not realize the danger they are inC) They cannot hear the firefighters for the noiseD) They mistake the firefighters for monsters27. A) He travels all over the America to help put out firesB) He often teaches children what to do during a fireC) He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community]D) He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge28. A) He saved the life of his brother choking on foodB) He rescued a student from a big fireC) He is very good at public speakingD) He gives informative talks to young children29. A) Firefighters play an important role in AmericaB) Kids should learn not to be afraid of monstersC) Carelessness can result in tragediesD) Informative speeches can save livesQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) To satisfy the needs of their familyB) To fully realize their potentialC) To make money for early retirementD) To gain a sense of their personal worth31. A) They may have to continue to work in old ageB) They may regret the time they wastedC) They may have nobody to depend on in the futureD) They may have fewer job opportunities32. A) Making wise use of your timeB) Enjoying yourself while you canC) Saving as much as you canD) Working hard and playing hardQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.选词填空What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were47. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture（养育）, by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it56 appears can vary答案解析听力Section A短对话（11~18）答案及解析：11. A) The man should visit the museums. B) She can’t stand the hot weather.C) The beach resort is a good choice. D) She enjoys staying in Washington.答案：D解析：Woman最后说到I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature. 这表明了她待在这里很愉快，很享受待在华盛顿，故选D。

2010年6月大学英语四级模拟试题Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Why Is It Difficult to Find a Job?” You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 目前大学毕业生就业形势越来越严峻；2. 造成这种现象的原因；3. 你对毕业生的建议。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.10 Tips for Saving Money in CollegeCollege can be an expensive endeavor, even with scholarships and other kinds of financial aid. It’s difficult enough to balance a class schedule — the thought of balancing a check book, on the other hand, can strike fear into the hearts of even the most studious mathematicians. Everything from textbooks, food, transportation, supplies to entertainment —these will all cost you money. There’s no getting around it. However, there are easy ways to save. Here are several ways to avoid the constant panic of going broke.1. Buy Textbooks from Used BookstoresNew textbooks from university bookstores can be very expensive. Brand new editions of chemistry books, for instance, can cost as much as $300. However, you can cut costs on reading materials and not starve. Look around for used bookstores. Most college campuses should have several — the prices are heavily discounted, and book conditions are usually good. If you have enough time before classes start, check out the Internet for your books. Even with shipping charges, prices can turn out to be lower from online bookstores. And don’t forget — some of your friends might have taken a course in the past. Ask around and see if you can borrow from someone.2. Seek Alternative TransportationInstead of driving to class and spending money on gas, parking passes and possible tickets, look into a local bus or subway system. If the system is run by your university, you’ll probably be able to ride for free with a student ID. If a transportation system doesn’t exist (or the existing one isn’t safe or reliable), try to work out class schedules with friends and carpool. If y ou’re close enough, walk or bike to class and get some much-needed exercise.3. Choose the Right Meal PlanCampus meal plans vary depending on the university — food quality, how often you eat, how much you eat, and the location can all be factored in. A meal plan can be a good deal, however, so do a little research and see if it’s worth it. Some universities offer off-campus meal plans, too. These usually involve deals with food chains, so make sure the plan is appealing to you. If you decide to skip out on a meal plan, it’s possible to eat enough and eat healthily on your own budget. Cut out coupons, buy in bulk and sign up for a shopper’s discount card. Be creative and plan dinners with roommates and friends instead of going to more expensive restaurants.4. Set Up a Student Checking AccountBanks usually cater to college students by offering free checking and savings accounts, allowing you to avoid fees on withdrawals, fund transfers or the minimum amount allowed in the account. Make sure online banking is an option, as this makes it easier to follow your activity. Keep track of your account — overdrafting will only cost you more in fees. So, do what it takes to stay out of the red as much as possible.5. Get OrganizedIt might seem like a hassle, but saving receipts of everything you purchase is a great way to monitor your spending habits. Try it out for a month. When your thirty days are up, add up all of your expenses and see where your money went. You’d be surprised at how easy it is to cut back on unnecessary spending.6. Be Creative with Your Leisure TimeEveryone needs to unwind after studying, and college campuses typically offer all sorts of opportunities — movie theaters, bars, cafes, arts centers, parks, downtown shopping centers, et cetera. Ask if any of these places can offer student discounts. You can also think of alternative ways to have a good time. If you make the right choices and use a bit of creativity, you can have fun and save money at the same time. Plan a picnic in the park; make dinner for a date instead of going to a fancy restaurant; go for a bike ride around town; play Frisbee golf on campus. Any of these activities can cost a fraction of the typical college experience and can be more fun.7. Find a JobIf you can fit it into your busy class schedule, a part-time job is a great way to bring in some extra income and give you some more flexibility with your spending. Waiting at tables or delivering food can bring in great tips, and college-town restaurants are almost always looking for new help. A great way to earn some money and get some studying done is to work at your university’s library. It’s not a very demanding job and is usually quiet, so you can read for class and get paid at the same time.8. Get the Right Cellphone PlanIt’s difficult to get by without a cellphone today, but with a little research you can find an affordable plan that fits your needs. If they’re up for it, join a family cellphone plan with your parents. It’s usually much cheaper for everyone involvedth an having separate plans. If you’re on your own, check out websites that offerside-by-side comparison charts of different cellphone plans. You should also avoid text messaging. Before you know it, you could rack up hundreds of dollars worth of texts when you could have communicated the same information for much less.Remember, phone companies charge both the sender and the receiver of text messages, so let your friends know if you don’t want them to text you five times every class. Send out e-mails or use free networking websites like MySpace or Facebook.9. Be Smart About Apartment LivingIf you’re not living in the dorms, split the rent with a few roommates. When thinking about appliances, see if your apartment complex provides a refrigerator, a washer and dryer, a microwave, and other handy accessories. If your parents or friends have any old appliances lying around, ask them if they’d be willing to part with them. Electricity, water and heating bills can be costly, so do your best to conserve — turn off lights when you’re not in the room, use as little water as possible by taking fast showers and use the A/C and heat sparingly.10. Look for ScholarshipsIf you’re applying for college right now or thinking about transferring to another school, it doesn’t hurt to do some research on various types of financial aid provided by the school.Aside from the obvious chunk of cash you’ll save in the long run, several scholarships offer all sorts of perks and benefits — semester stipends, group trips, special access to useful resources, et cetera. If you’re already enrolled but haven’t received any aid, keep trying! If your grades are good and you show you mean business, many scholarship programs give you the opportunity to apply each semester.1. Which of the follo wing is the writer’s suggestion for buying textbooks?A) Buying brand new textbooks because of their good condition.B) Buying discounted textbooks from used bookstores.C) Buying textbooks from online bookstores for convenience.D) Buying textbooks from your friends at a lower price.2. Which means of transportation can save money and ensure much-needed exercise?A) Driving a car.B) Taking the subway.C) Riding a bike.D) Taking a local bus.3. Why should online banking be an option for college students?A) It offers free savings accounts.B) It charges no fees for withdrawals.C) It charges no fees for the minimum amount in the account.D) It makes it easier for them to keep track of their money.4. The underlined phrase in the fifth paragraph proba bly means “___________”.A) to stay out of debt B) to avoid lending moneyC) to avoid getting very angry D) to avoid unnecessary expenses5. Saving receipts of everything you purchase is a great way to________________.A) keep an eye on your spending B) cut back on necessary spendingC) have fun and save money at the same timeD) earn money and learn something useful6. In order to save money, you should avoid ______.A) playing Frisbee golf on campus B) buying in bulkC) picnicking in the park D) text messaging7. What is MySpace?A) An online bank.B) A service provided by phone companies.C) A computer game.D) A free networking website.8. A part-time job like being a waiter or waitress can bring in ______________.9. For apartment living, you can try to conserve _____________ to cut down on your expenses.10. When thinking about transferring to another school, you might as well do some research on various types of ________________ provided by that school.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)■Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.11. A) She’ll make up her mind tomorrow.B) Shirley’s leaving tomorrow.C) Shirley will go to the dance.D) She’s been unable to ask Shirley.12. A) The woman doesn’t know he does exercise regularly.B) The woman should do exercise by herself.C) He’s too busy to exercise.D) He doesn’t understand what the woman is saying.13. A) She has good taste in dresses.B) She doesn’t dress properly.C) She shouldn’t attend the party.D) She should wear something beautiful.14. A) He can’t find the tickets.B) He doesn’t want to sit close to the stage.C) He thinks the hall is too crowded.D) He would rather stand than sit down.15. A) She will type it next week.B) She would rather work on it than anything else.C) It took her an entire week to type it.D) She hasn’t finished it yet.16. A) He will have to stand on something to reach the shirts.B) He has to turn the barrel over again.C) The clean shirts are in the bottom drawer.D) The rest of his shirts are dirty.17. A) It is extremely cold.B) It is very hot.C) It is great as usual.D) It is very pleasant.18. A) In a restaurant.B) In an airplane.C) At a bus station.D) At a movie theater.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) The owner doesn’t want to rent it to her anymore.B) The owner wants to raise the rent.C) The heater is always out of order.D) The shower is broken.20. A) Give the owner two months’ notice.B) Find another renter for the owner.C) Write a letter to the owner ahead of time.D) Tell the owner one month before leaving.21. A) Those apartments at Windsor are pretty noisy.B) It is awfully expensive to rent an apartment at Windsor.C) There aren’t any buses that go to Windsor.D) There isn’t a heating system at Windsor.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) A camp counselor.B) A candidate.C) A radio announcer.D) A campaign manager.23. A) In the hallways.B) In the classrooms.C) In the cafeteria.D) At the radio station.24. A) In the morning.B) During lunch.C) In the afternoon.D) During dinner.25. A) Make posters.B) Write a speech.C) Answer questions.D) Study chemistry.■Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) In the late 1980s.B) In the late 1960s.C) In 2001.D) In 1991.27. A) They produce unusually large fruit.B) The fruit ripens too quickly.C) The fruit begins to rot very quickly.D) They finally stop producing anyfruit.28. A) Use pesticide.B) Use fire.C) Use water.D) Use biological controls.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Medicine.B) Psychology.C) Biology.D) Chemistry.30. A) It helped patients train their memories.B) It helped patients practice their oral skills.C) It allowed patients to tell their real thoughts without fear or guilt.D) It helped Freud know what patients were thinking.31. A) The patient’s mental problems would become even worse.B) The patient might get confused.C) The patient would never have those memories again.D) The patient might finally understand them.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) To protect the interests of small-scale food producers.B) To call on people to protect the environment.C) To promote the pleasure and taste of fast food and wine.D) To protest against the globalization of slow food.33. A) Different languages.B) Different restaurants.C) Cultural differences.D) Biodiversity.34. A) It can make your food more delicious.B) It can make people care more about themselves.C) It can help you understand all facets of your food.D) It includes events that take place in factories.35. A) Industrialized farming is much better than organic farming.B) Slow food could definitely lead to deforestation.C) Not everyone can afford to buy organic, locally grown food.D) Slow food can economically feed our global population.■Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.A company called PFNC Global Communities has designed a steel container home for poor people. It has thirty square meters of (36) _______ with a sleeping area, a bathroom and a kitchen. It also has (37) _______ for electricity and water, and special paint to help (38) _______ against the sun’s heat.Several years ago, a graduate business student named Brian McCarthy was (39) _______ American companies. He was there as part of his studies. He saw that many workers lived in (40) _______ made of paper or scrap metal. More than a year later, he read about a house designed from a shipping container.At the time, his (41) _______ Pablo Nava was in his third year at Notre Dame University in the state of Indiana. Pablo Nava became interested in the project.He (42) _______ that they enter the idea in a (43) _______ for business plans at the university. They won.With Pablo Nava and two others, Brian McCarthy established PFNC Global Communities to build the container homes. (44)_______________________________________________________.The sample home is twelve meters long and about two and a half meters in width and height. (45) _________________________________________. Children and adults have separate sleeping areas.(46)_____________________________________________________________. PFNC wants to keep the price below ten thousand dollars.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)■Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.If you were as clever as an elephant you could communicate with your friends without a cellphone or iPod or any other fancy electronic gadget. All you would have to do is speak, quite 47 as it turns out, and the earth would carry your message through seismic waves (地震波) across 48 distances.Caitlin O’Connell-Rodwell discovered this 49 ability of elephants while working in Africa more than a decade ago, and she 50 it because she had seen similar clues in insects she had studied years earlier at the University of Hawaii.Today she is a scientist 51 in behavioral ecology at Stanford University, and the research she 52 now suggests that many animals 53 through subtle shock waves that tr avel along the earth’s surface.The work lends some scientific credence (可信性) to the idea that some animals may even be able to 54 earthquakes because of weak precursors that arrive before the main shock wave.That belief has been supported 55 by anecdotal evidence, and scientific validation has been hard to come by, but this work suggests that skeptics who scorned the idea may have 56 to a premature judgment.That, however, remains to be seen, but what is clear at this point is that a number of animals, especially elephants, have some communication skills that eclipse those possessed by humans.A) considerate B) recognized C) largely D) frequently E) cooperateF) communicate G) amazing H) leaped I) loudly J) pioneeredK) specializing L) invented M) considerable N) predict O) studying■Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.In September last year Donna Saunders, a 33-year-old woman from West Sussex, held a pillow over her sleeping mother’s face for 30 seconds before stopping as her mother struggled and called out for help. In June she was acquitted of attempted murder because the court accepted that she was sleepwalking and was thus unawareof her actions.This is not an isolated case. The British courts are faced with an upsurge of “I did it in my sleep” defenses for crimes from dangerous driving to murder. The problem that this presents to lawyers and sleep experts is the subject of a conferenceat the Royal Society of Medicine.To the outsider, such cases prompt skepticism. But the sleep specialists who provide expert testimony at these cases know that many people are capable of carrying out very uncharacteristic actions while asleep as a result of sleep disorders. Between 2 percent and 4 percent of adults sleepwalk, and there is plenty of evidence that strange somnambulistic (梦游的) actions like walking through hotels naked and urinating in cupboards are extremely common.Sleepwalking is caused by a “wiring error” in the brain. If a sleeping person is disturbed, the primitive, instinctive parts of the brain spring into life but the conscious controlling part does not. It’s more likely to happen if we have a family history of sleepwalking, or are tired or stressed or have been drinking.Dr Idzikowski, director of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, has given evidence in about 30 court cases involving sleepwalking. “I do think it is being used more often as a defense, possibly because the media has made people more aware of it,” he says.The upsurge could partly be because of English law. William Wilson, professor of Criminal Law at the University of London and a speaker at the conference, says that in English law only people who have made a conscious decision to commit a crime can be punished for it. Sleepwalking, therefore, makes a good defense, particularly since it is hard to disprove. A person who has convinced a court that he or she committed a crime while sleepwalking may, under English law, be found “not guilty by reason of insanity”(even though this has nothing to do with the medical idea of insanity). Until recently, this almost inevitably resulted in being detained in a psychiatric institution.57. The underlined word in the second paragraph most probably means“_________”.A) a sudden rise B) an outbreakC) a sudden decrease D) a gradual increase58. What is the subject of the conference at the Royal Society of Medicine?A) The problem existing in English law.B) The problem sleepwalking defenses present.C) The problem resulting from the upsurge of sleepwalking defenses.D) The problem sleepwalking presents.59. What do you know about sleepwalking from the passage?A) More than 4 percent of adults sleepwalk.B) Sleepwalking involves the conscious part of the brain.C) Sleepwalking is easy to disprove.D) Sleepwalking may happen as a result of a sleep disorder.60. What do you know about people who commit crimes while sleepwalking?A) They are totally ignored by the media.B) They are driven by the instinctive parts of the brain to take action.C) They are all insane from a medical perspective.D) They take advantage of English law to do whatever they like.61. What can we infer from the passage?A) All sleepwalkers have a family history of sleepwalking.B) Donna Saunders may have been sent to a psychiatric institution.C) The court can do nothing about sleepwalkers committing crimes.D) Even sleep specialists are suspicious of sleepwalking defenses.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.On the surface, the future looks bleak for baby boomers. The Center for Economic and Policy Research projects that the median baby boomer household lost 45 percent of its net worth between 2004 and 2009. So why does retirement expert Ken Dychtwald think that boomers in retirement will still have a high quality of life? Dychtwald is a psychologist and the author of 16 books on aging, including his latest, With Purpose: Going from Success to Significance in Work and Life. He argues that retirement for this generation will be so different from traditional retirement that maybe we’ll need a new word to describe it.Perhaps the big reason retirement is changing is that life spans are changing. Increases in obesity and heart disease have not gotten in the way of continual increases in life expectancy over the past 100 years. In 1950, when many of the baby boomers were born, the average 65-year-old was expected to live an additional 13.9 years. In 2006, a 65-year-old was expected to live 18.5 years longer. Dychtwald says this doesn’t mean our health is improving; it’s more a shift in attitude. “When our moms and dads reached their 65th or 70th birthday, they felt like they were in the ninth inning, and they were quite happy. Now, boomers look around and see80-year-old newly-weds and 90-year-old marathon runners,” he says.Many boomers will retire later than their parents. To some, the delay might seem like a sign of declining living standards. Retiring early has long been a mark of success. “Now we’re seeing a lot of questioning of whether 20 years of nonproductive leisure is affordable or even enjoyable. Somewhere between 60 and 65 percent of retirees don’t like it at all,” he says, arguing that we may see a period of semiretirement for many boomers — starting a business after ending a career, forexample. At the same time, Dychtwald recognizes that for many boomers, going back to work will be a necessity. “It’s a generation that grew up with such abundance that unfortunately, they have not been saving for a rainy day,” he says. “The combination of the absence of savings and the strain on the entitlements is going to cause this generation to have a greater struggle than any generation since the 1930s and 40s.”However, greater financial strains don’t necessarily mean a lower quality of life for retirees. Dychtwald says retirees have much to look forward to.62. What is the topic of the passage?A) The bleak future of baby boomers.B) The different retirement styles of generations.C) A high quality of retirement of boomers.D) The late retirement of boomers.63. What does Ken Dychtwald say about longer life expectancy?A) It has no effect on retirement.B) It means getting married late.C) It involves a change in life attitude.D) It indicates a better level of health.64. Why will many boomers retire later than their parents?A) Because they enjoy better health than their parents.B) Because they will live longer than their parents.C) Because retiring late is a mark of success.D) Because they can’t afford early retirement and want to do something.65. What will the omitted part talk about?A) Difficulties baby boomers will face.B) The retirement situation of baby boomers’ parents.C) Why baby boomers will have good retirement.D) How to solve the problems of baby boomers.66. What can we infer from the passage?A) The median boomer household had a tough time between 2004 and 2009.B) Obesity and heart disease have been obstacles to the increase of life expectancy.C) Compared with their parents, boomers prefer working to retirement.D) Baby boomers are expected to live to the age of 84.5.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Well-intentioned parents have unwittingly left their kids defenseless against failure. The current 67 of millennials (born between 1980 and 2001) grew up playing sports 68 scores and performance were downplayed (轻描淡写) because “everyone’s a winner”. And their report cards had more 69 statements than an AIG (美国国际集团) press release. 70 , Stanford Universitypsychologist Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them the “overpraised generation”. Fortunately, once you understand the situation, there’s some quick corrective 71 that can be taken. An d even if you’re well past your child-rearing years, her advice will help you when confronted 72 setbacks.Dweck has been studying how people 73 failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to identify two 74 mind sets that dramatically influence how we react 75 it. Here’s how they work:A fixed mind set is 76 in the belief that talent is genetic —you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind set believes it’s 77 to success without much effort and 78 failure as a personal affront (侮辱). When things get 79 , it’s quick to blame, withdraw, lie, and even avoid future challenge or risk.80 , a growth mind set assumes that no talent is 81 heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possi ble. Because the ego isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind set sees failure as opportunity rather than 82 . When challenged, it’s quick to reassess, 83 , and try again. In fact, it enjoys this process.We are all 84 with growth mind sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to survive in the world.) But parents, coaches, and teachers often push us into fixed mind sets by85 certain behaviors and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program, , explain this in 86 . But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to guarantee that your kids, grandkids, and even you never get ruined by failure.67. A) age B) time C) generation D) period68. A) where B) when C) which D) that69. A) negative B) positive C) neutral D) aggressive70. A) However B) Therefore C) Moreover D) Nevertheless71. A) action B) function C) behavior D) operation72. A) with B) to C) for D) by73. A) deal B) cope C) handle D) react74. A) similar B) alternative C) distant D) distinct75. A) with B) at C) on D) to76. A) based B) grounded C) adopted D) stemmed77. A) inclined B) addicted C) entitled D) qualified78. A) regards B) guesses C) imagines D) releases79. A) easy B) successful C) disappointing D) tough80. A) Similarly B) Likewise C) Constantly D) Conversely81. A) partially B) entirely C) permanently D) especially82. A) insult B) disappointment C) chance D) injury83. A) withdraw B) adapt C) adjust D) abandon84. A) given B) provided C) granted D) born85. A) enjoying B) punishing C) rewarding D) condemning。