雅思阅读机经类11
考试日期： 2月16日
Reading Passage 1
Title: 新手，熟练工和专家Question types:
判断True/False/Not Given;
填空
文章内容回顾第一篇是说一个“novice”怎么成为一个“expert”, 而且举例说明两者在看待及解决问题上的差别。还讲述对expertise掌握程度研究，从novice到journeyman然后蜕变到expert的过程。另外也提到了一些researchers和theorists, they are better in making predictions than experts.
旧文P1=V070908
英文原文阅读Expertise research shows quite ambiguous results on the abilities of experts in judgment and decision making (JDM) classic models cannot account for. This problem becomes even more accentuated if different
levels of expertise are considered. We argue that parallel constraint satisfaction models (PCS) might be a useful base to understand the processes underlying expert JDM and the hitherto existing, differentiated results from expertise research. It is outlined how expertise might influence model parameters and mental representations according to PCS. It is discussed how this differential impact of expertise on model parameters relates to empirical results showing quite different courses in the development of expertise; allowing, for example, to predict under which conditions intermediates might outperform experts. Methodological requirements for testing the proposed unifying theory under complex real-world conditions are discussed.
In support one theory, a study demonstrates that entrepreneurial experts frame decisions using an “effectual” logic (identify more potential markets, focus more on building the venture as a whole, pay less attention to predictive information, worry more about making do with resources on hand to invest only what they could afford to lose, and emphasize
stitching together networks of partnerships); while novices use a “predictive frame” and tend to “go by the textbook.” We asked 27 expert entrepreneurs and 37 MBA students to think aloud continuously as they solved typical decision-making problems in creating a new venture. Transcriptions were analyzed using methods from cognitive science. Results
showed that expert entrepreneurs framed problems in a dramatically
different way than MBA students.
题型难度分析判断题难度不大，区分FALSE和NOT GIVEN是关键
题型技巧分析是非无判断题是上半年度的重点题型，有顺序原则。
注意看清是TRUE还是YES, 本篇是TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN
解题步骤：
1. 速读句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。考点词：比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等）
2. 排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。
3. 重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。
TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。
FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，一般有至少一组反义词。
NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，特别多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。
4. 通读所有段落，依次寻找答案
因为每段都会有答案，因此现在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在选出信息后，要在选出的段落上做上记号，以免浪费时间。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑6 Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions Reading Passage 2
Title: 鳄鱼的进化the crocodile’s evolution
Question types: 段落大意 Heading 填空
配对
文章内容回顾详细讲述了crocodiles的生活习惯，如何控制自己的温度以及喜欢的生存环境等。包括提到鳄鱼的特点、历史以及对两组处在不同水供给环境下的生存情况对比。
旧文P2=V09121
