【南京环球雅思阅读机经】2013年6月8日雅思阅读机经分析

2013年雅思机经2013年9月OMC – 教研产品2013-9-27目录8月3日 (3)8月17日 (13)8月24日 (22)8月29日 (32)9月7日版本一苏州学校雅思听力回顾及解析苏州学校李帆Section1是关于冰箱损坏维修协商问题。

全部为填空题。

答案涉及涉及日期、价格、颜色等常规拼写，没有特别难的生词。

学生可能会拼错的有silver, sandwich, alarmtop, silver, 1.12, freezer temperature, 10, station, Sandwich, 180, manager, door, alarm;Section2是关于红松鼠的介绍，动物类话题属于常考话题。

题型分为单选（题11-15）加上填空(题16-20)。

旧题详见机经v101218s2=V09121S2=V06125S2。

单词拼写难度适中。

local museum, national newspaper, secondary object, detailed notes, local museum Section3是老师和学生讨论年龄与就业问题(高中后工作，生育后的女性等)。

题型有多选（3个2/5、1个3/7）和填空（题30 clothes）。

旧题详见机经110127s3=V30020s3 Section4是比较四个超市环保的调研报告，分析四个超市的优势劣势。

题型全部为填空。

supermarket ，local, shoppers, surveys, detail, packaging, cleaning, training, organic 31. interview（shoppers）考察调查的方式，主要的集中学生一般都了解。

1.超市网站但是缺少detail(s) 基础词，无难度。

33. 顾客的（complaints）高中词汇，问题不大。

34. 超市A的优势：a wide range of (organic) food 有机的这个单词高频词汇上有出现。

导言2013 年雅思考试总结研究雅思最权威的方法，是研究《剑桥雅思官方指南》；研究雅思最直接的方法，是研究《雅思剑桥真题集》；而研究雅思最具时效性的方法，是基于大量样本总结分析最新的考试题目。

新东方旗下超过16000 名的教师始终站在考试第一线。

在全国各地，都有新东方教师亲自参与考试并进行研究，接触考试第一手资料，第一时间回忆总结，寻找雅思考试素材来源，分析考题规律，帮助考生把握雅思脉络，紧扣雅思出题趋势。

在未来的考试中，“知己知彼，百战不殆”。

在本部分，新东方资深培训师为考生总结了2013 年的雅思48 场考试4 个单项的各个方面，并基于真实数据为考生还原了2013 年雅思考试整体特点及考试难度，也为雅思考生2014 年的备考奠定了坚实可靠的基础。

雅思听力2013 年总结与解析王超伟伴随着12 月21 日雅思笔试的结束，2013 全年的48 次雅思考试悄然落下帷幕。

所谓“温故而知新”，在这辞旧迎新之际，有哪些经验可以分享？哪些教训可以吸取？我们在此不妨做一个全面的总结，使考生在未来的备考中少走弯路，顺利实现自己的预期目标。

本文分三大模块对2013 年的听力考题进行系统的总结与分析。

此三大模块依次为：场景，题型，机经。

一、场景篇（一）2013 年雅思听力各部分场景总结全年来看，今年的雅思听力考试在场景方面基本没有明显变化（具体统计见: 图1），以下是各部分的详细分析。

Section 1：本年度常考场景包括：旅游、租房、求职、邮局、购物和活动信息咨询等，其中旅游信息咨询占绝对优势地位，在48 次考试中共考了17 次，此外求职和租房分别考了6 次和4 次。

除了涉及场景本身的考点之外，section 1 的共同考点也非常明显。

这些核心考点为：数字，拼写，日期，电话，邮编等。

Section 1 的考试形式就是把场景本身的考点和这些共同考点有机地整合在一起从而形成本部分的10 个考题。

考生只需根据这些考点设计一个对话，就可以准确的掌握本部分语言和答案特征，并结合实际练习找到自己的失分点，从而轻松在此部分拿到高分。

剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE 1-阅读真题原文部分:READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets, ' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1, 200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved, 'says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go. ' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down, ' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500, 000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun)would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it, ' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing 100, 000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning 'switch' at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactive meteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather, ' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning, ' he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from………………………….5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used……………….6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its……………….Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionisation by removing electrons from 7 …………………………. This laser is then directed at 8 …………………………in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9 …………………………. As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at 10………………………….A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构体裁说明文主题用激光回击闪电结构第1段：闪电带来的危害第2段：科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法第3段：先前的闪电回击术介绍第4段：火箭回击术的缺陷第5段：更安全的激光回击术第6段：激光回击术的技术原理第7段：激光回击术的缺陷第8段：通过实地实验改进激光回击术第9段：激光回击术对其他学科也有益处第10段：激光回击术的其他用途解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按题目顺序解答即可友情提示：烤鸭们注意：本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLE CHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。

2013年8月3日雅思阅读机经考试日期2013年8月3日总体评价：整体较难。

三篇旧题。

Matching, List of Headings, T/F/NG 较多，容易失分。

考生反应时间相当紧张。

Reading Passage 1Title: 文章标题深海资源Question types: 题型Matching (段落-信息) -(4个) Table/ Diagram/ Flow Chart--(4个) Matching (人名-理论)Note:说明旧题考期回顾：2012年2月4日Main Content：主要内容 & Answers: 参考答案主要讲述海底微生物内容具体说的是海底有很多微生物，因为极端环境，所以含了矿藏，然后说是不是要开发这些矿藏。

Matching: 段落信息配对选 1.D 2.E 3.F 4. G; 填空题有: 5. proteins and -----, 6. oxygen, 7. sunlight, 8. temperature; Matching题：几个专家的态度，A支持开矿，B 研究了开矿的好处和坏处，C反对开矿，直接找人名定位，不难。

Comment：评注总体难度中等，其中Matching题比较费时，建议把无序的段落信息匹配放后面写，先写人名-理论匹配，因为定位简单。

Example：参考练习建议参考练习为 [i]Early Childhood Education[/i] 推荐理由：题型组合相似度高。

该文对应题型组合为： Matching(段落-信息) Matching(事物-特征，带大写) True/ False/ Not GivenReading Skills:重点题型解题技巧细节配对是雅思考试中比较难的题型，我们来分析一下这类题目的做题技巧：首先，让我们来了解一下这种题目的出题特点。

1. 彻底同义转换和其它题型不同的是，这种题型是对原文一句话或者一段话进行的彻底同义转换，个别甚至是高度概括，因此几乎不存在任何定位词，因此不能根据定位词到原文中定位答案。

剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案(test3)店铺为大家整理收集了剑桥雅思阅读8真题解析：test3阅读原文解析，希望对各位考生的备考有所帮助,祝每位烤鸭考试顺利，都能取得好成绩!剑桥雅思阅读8原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at LightningWith LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death — out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site inFlorida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to usin g rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1,200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. ‘Lightning is not perfectly well behaved,’ says Bernstein. ‘Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn’t supposed to go.’And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a p opulated area? ‘What goes up must come down,’ points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely —and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, thisconducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. T o stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun) would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point —and he’s hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support‘ if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ —not justforecasting the weather but controlling it. ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to conf ront some other meteorological menaces. ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from ..................... .5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used.....................6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its.....................Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionization by removing electrons from 7 ..................... . This laser is then directed at 8 ..................... in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9..................... . As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at10 ..................... .A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNo if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The Nature of GeniusThere has always been an interest in geniuses and prodigies. The word ‘genius’, from the Latin gens (= family) and the term ‘genius’, meaning ‘begetter’, comes from the ea rly R o m a n c u l t o f a d i v i n i t y a s t h e h e a d o f t h e f a m i l y . I n i t s e a r l i e s t f o r m , g e n i u s w a s c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e a b i l i t y o f t h e h e a d o f t h e f a m i l y , t h e p a t e r f a m i l i a s , t o p e r p e t u a t e h i m s e l f . G r a d u a l l y , g e n i u s c a m e t o r e p r e s e n t a p e r s o n s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d t h e n c e a n i n d i v i d u a l s h i g h e s t a t t r i b u t e s d e r i v e d f r o m h i s g e n i u s o r g u i d i n g s p i r i t . T o d a y , p e o p l e s t i l l l o o k t o s t a r s o r g e n e s , a s t r o l o g y o r g e n e t i c s , i n t h e h o p e o f f i n d i n g t h e s o u r c e o f e x c e p t i o n a l a b i l i t i e s o r p e r s o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 T h e c o n c e p t o f g e n i u s a n d o f g i f t s h a s b e c o m e p a r to f o u r f o l k c u l t u r e , a n d a t t i t u d e s a r e a m b i v a l e n t t o w a r d s t h e m . W e e n v y t h e g i f t e d a n d m i s t r u s t t h e m . I n t h e m y t h o l o g y o f g i f t e d n e s s , i t i s p o p u l a r l y b e l i e v e d t h a t i f p e o p l e a r e t a l e n t e d i n o n e a r e a , t h e y m u s t b e d e f e c t i v e i n a n o t h e r , t h a t i n t e l l e c t u a l s a r e i m p r a c t i c a l , t h a t p r o d i g i e s b u r n t o o b r i g h t l y t o o s o o n a n d b u r n o u t , t h a t g i f t e d p e o p l e a r e e c c e n t r i c , t h a t t h e ya r e p h y s i c a l w e a k l i n g s , t h a t t h e r e s a t h i n l i n eb e t w e e n g e n i u s a n d m a d n e s s , t h a t g e n i u s r u n s i n f a m i l i e s , t h a t t h e g i f t e d a r e s oc l e v e r t h e yd o n t ne e d s p e c i a l h e l p , t h a t g if t e d n e s s i s t h e s a m e a s h a v i ng ahi g h I Q , t h a t s o m e r a c e s a r e m o r e i n t e l l i g e n t o r m u s i c a l o r m a t h e m a t i c a l t h a n o t h e r s , t h a t g e n i u s g o e s u n r e c o g n i s e d a n d u n r e w a r d e d , t h a t a d v e r s i t y m a k e s m e n w i s e o r t h a t p e o p l e w i t h g i f t s h a v e a r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o u s e t h e m . L a n g u a g e h a s b e e n e n r i c h e d w i t h s u c h t e r m s a s h i g h b r o w , e g g h e a d , b l u e - s t o c k i n g , w i s e a c r e , k n o w - a l l , b o f f i n a n d , f o r m a n y , i n t e l l e c t u a l i s a t e r m o f d e n i g r a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 5 " > 0 0 T h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y s a w c o n s i d e r a b l e i n t e r e s t i n t h e n a t u r e o f g e n i u s , a n d p r o d u c e d n o t a f e w s t u d i e s o f f a m o u s p r o d i g i e s . P e r h a p s f o r u s t o d a y , t w o o f t h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t a s p e c t s o f m o s t o f t h e s e s t u d i e s o f g e n i u s a r e t h e f r e q u e n c y w i t h w h i c h e a r l y e n c o u r a g e m e n t a n d t e a c h i n g b y p a r e n t s a n d t u t o r s h a d b e n e f i c i a l e f f e c t s o n t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l , a r t i s t i c o r m u s i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e c h i l d re n b u t c a u s e d g r e a t d if f i c u l t i e s o f a d j u s t m e n t l a t e r i n t h e i r l i v e s , a n d t h e f r e q u e n c y w i t h w h i c h a b i l i t i e s w e n t u n r e c og n i s e d b y t e a ch e r s a n d s c h o o l s . H o w e v e r , t h e di f f i c u l t y w i t h t h e e v i d e n c e p r o d u c e d b y t h e s e s t u d i e s , f a s c i n a t i n g a s t h e y a r e i n c o l l e c t i n g t o g e t h e r a n e c d o t e s a n d a p p a r e n t s i m i l a r i t i e s a n d e x c e p t i o n s , i s t h a t t h e y a r e n o t w h a t w e w o u l d t o d a y c a l l n o r m - r e f e r e n c e d . I n o t h e r w o r d s , w h e n , f o r i n s t a n c e , i n f o r m a t i o n i s c o l l a t e d a b o u t e a r l y i l l n e s s e s , m e t h o d s o f u p b r i n g i n g , s c h o o l i n g , e t c . , w e m u s t a l s o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m o t h e r h i s t o r i c a l s o u r c e s a b o u t h o w c o m m o n o r e x c e p t i o n a l t h e s e w e r e a t t h e t i m e . F o r i n s t a n c e , i n f a n t m o r t a l i t y w a s h i g h a n d l i f e e x p e c t a n c y m u c h s h o r t e r t h a n t o d a y , h o m e t u t o r i n g w a s c o m m o n i n t h e f a m i l i e s o f t h e n o b i l i t y a n d w e a l t h y , b u l l y i n g a n d c o r p o r a l p u n i s h m e n t w e r e c o m m o n a t t h e b e s t i n d e p e n d e n t s c h o o l s a n d , f o r t h e m o s t p a r t , t h e c a s e s s t u d i e d w e r e m e m b e r s o f t h e p r i v i l e g e d c l a s s e s . I t w a s o n l y w i t h t h e g r o w t h o f p a e d i a t r i c s a n d p s y c h o l o g y i n t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y t h a t s t u d i e s c o u l d b e c a r r i e d o u t o n a m o r e o bj e c t i v e , i f s t i l l n o t a l w a y s v e r y s c i e n t i f i c , b a s i s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > 0 0 G e n i u s e s , h o w e v e r t h e y a r e d e f i n e d , a r e b u t t h e p e ak s w h i c h s t a n d o u t t h r o u gh t h e m i s t o f h i s t o r y a n d a r e v i s i b l e t o t h e p a r ti c u l a r o b s e r v e r f r o m h i s o r h e r p a r t i c u l a r v a n t a g e p o i n t . C h a n g e t h e o b s e r v e r s a n d t h e v a nt a g e p o i n t s , c l e a r a w a y s o m e o f t h e m i s t , a n d a d i f f e r e n t l o t o f p e a k s a p p e a r . G e n i u s i s a t e r m w e a p p l y t o t h o s e w h o m w e r e c o g n i s e f o r t h e i r o u t s t a n d i n g a c h i e v e m e n t s a n d w h o s t a n d n e a r t h e e n d o f t h e c o n t i n u u m o f h u m a n a b i l i t i e s w h i c h r e a c h e s b a c k t h r o u g h t h e m u n d a n e a n d m e d i o c r e t o t h e i n c a p a b l e . T h e r e i s s t i l l m u c h t r u t h i n D r S a m u e l J o h n s o n s o b s e r v a t i o n , T h e t r u e g e n i u s i s a m i n d o f l a r g e g e n e r a l p o w e r s , a c c i d e n t a l l y d e t e r m i n e d t o s o m e p a r t i c u l a r d i r e c t i o n . W e m a y d i s a g r e e w i t h t h e g e n e r a l , f o r w e d o u b t i f a l l m u s i c i a n s o f g e n i u s c o u l d ha v eb ec o m e s c i e n t i s t s o f g e n i u s o r v i c e v e r s a ,b u t t h e r e i s n o d o u b t i n g t h e ac c ide n t a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n w h i c h n u r t u r e d o r t r i g g e r e d t h e i r g if t s i n t o t h o s e c h a n n e l s i n t o w h i c h t h e y h a v e p o u r e d t h e i r p o w e r s s o s u c c e s s f u l l y . A l o ng th e c o n ti n u u m o f a b i l i t i e s a r e h u n d r e d s o f t h o u s a n d s o f g i f t e d m e n a n d w o m e n , b o y s a n d g i r l s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > 0 0 W h a t w e a p p r e c i a t e , e nj o y o r m a r v e l a t i n t h e w o rk s o f g e n i u s o r t h e a c h i e v e m e n t s o f p r o d i g i e s a r e t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f s k il l s o r a b i l i t i e s w h i c h a r e s im i l a r t o , b u t s o m u c h s u p e r i o r t o , o u r o wn . B u t t h a t t h e i r m i n d s a r e no t d i f f e r e n t f r o m o u r o w n i s d e m o n s t r a t e d b y t h e f a c t t h a t t h e h a r d - w o n d i s c o v e r i e s o f s c i e n t i s t s l i k e K ep l e r o r E i n s t e i n b e c o m e t h e c o m m o n p l a c e k n o w l e d g e o f s c h o o l c h i l d r e n a n d t h e o n c e o u t r a g e o u s s h a p e s a n d c o l o u r s o f a n a r t i s t l i k e P a u l K l e e s o s o o n a p pe a r o n t h ef a b r i c s w e w e a r . T h i s d o e s n o t m i n i m i s e t h e s u p r e m a c y o f t h e i r a c h i e v e m e n t s , w h i c h o u t s t r i p o u r o w n a s t h e s u b - f o u r - m i n u t e m i l e r s o u t s t r i p o u r j og g i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > 0 0 T o thi n k o f g e n i u s e s a n d t h e g i f t e d a s h a v i n g u n i q u e l y d i f f e r e n t b r a i n s i s o n l y r e a s o n a b l e i f w e a c c e p t t h a t e a c h h u m a n b r a i n i s u n i q u e l y d i f f e r e n t . T h e p u r p o s e o f i n s t r u c t i o n i s t o m a k e u s e v e n m o r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m o n e a n o t h e r , a n d i n t h e p r o c e s s o f b e i n g e d u c a t e d w e c a n l e a r n f r o m t h e a c h i e v e m e n t s o f t h o s e m o r e g i f t e d t h a n o u r s e l v e s . B u t b e f o r e w e t r y t o e m u l a t e g e n i u s e s o r e n c o u r a g e o u r c h i l d r e n t o d o s o w e s h o u l d n o t e t h a t s o m e o f t h e t h i n g s w e l e a r n f r o m t h e m m a y p r o v e u n p a l a t a b l e . W e m a y e n v y t h e i r a c h i e v e m e n t s a n d f a m e , b u t w e s h o u l d a l s o r e c o g n i s e t h e p r i c e t h e y m a y h a v e p a i d i n t e r m s o f p e r s e v e r a n c e , s i n g l e - m i n d e d n e s s , d e d i c a t i o n , r e s t r i c t i o n s o n t h e i r p e r s o n a l l i v e s , t h e d e m a n d s u p o n t h e i r e n e r g i e s a n d t i m e , a n d h o w o f t e n t h e y h a d t o d i s p l a y g r e a t c o u r a g e t o p r e s e r v e t h e i r i n t e g r i t y o r t o m a k e t h e i r w a y t o t h e t o p . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > 0 0 G e n i u s a n d g i f t e d n e s s a r e r e l a t i v e d e s c r i p t i v e t e r m s o f n o r e a l s u b s t a n c e . W e m a y , a t b e s t , g i v e t h e m s o m e p r e c i s i o n b y d e f i n i n g t h e m a n d p l a c i n g t h e m i n a c o n t e x t b u t , w h a t e v e r w e d o , w e s h o u l d n e v e r d e l u d e o u r s e l v e s i n t o b e l i e v i n g t h a t g i f t e d c h i l d r e n o r g e n i u s e s a r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e r e s t o f h u m a n i t y , s a v e i n t h e d e g r ee t o w h i c h t h e y h a v e d e v e l o p e d t h e p e rf o r m a n c e o f t h e i r a b i l i t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 1 4 - 1 8 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " > 0 0 C h o o s e F I V E l e t t e r s , A - K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 2 " > 0 0 W r i t e t h e c o r r e c t l e t t e r s i n b o x e s 1 4 - 1 8 o n y o u r a n s w e r s h e e t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 3 " > 0 0 N B Y o u r a n s w e r s m a y b eg i v e n i n a n y o r d e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 4 " > 0 0 B e l o w a r e l i s t e d s o m e p o p u l a r be l i ef s a b o u tg e n i u s a n d g i f t e d n e s s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 4 5 " > 0 0 W h i c h F I V E o f t h e s e b e l i e f s a r e r e p o r t e d b y t h e w r i t e r o f t h e t e x t ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 6 " > 0 0 A T r u l yg i f t e d p e o p l e a r e t a l e n t ed i n a l l a re a s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 4 7 " > 0 0 B T h e t a le n t s ofg e n i u s e s a r e s o o n e xh a u s t e d . / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 4 8 " > 0 0 C G i f t e d p e o p l e s h o u l d u s e t h e i r g i f t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > 0 0 D A g e n i u s a p p e a r s o n c e i n e v e r y g e n e r a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 E G e n i u s c a n b e e a s i l y d e s t r o y e d b yd i s c o u r a ge m e n t . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 1 " > 0 0 F Ge n i u s i s i n h e r i t e d . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 2 " > 0 0 G G i f t e d p e o p l e a r e v e r y h a r d t o l i v e w i t h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > 0 0 H P e o p l e n e v e r a p p r e c i a t e t r u eg e n i u s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > 0 0 I G e n i u s e s a r e n a t u r a l l e a d e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > 0 0 J G i f t e d p e o p l e d e v e l o p th ei r g r e a t n e s s t h r o u g h d i f f i c u l t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > 0 0 K G e n i u s w i l l a l w a y s r e v e a l i t s e l f . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 7 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 1 9 - 2 6 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " >0 0 D o t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a g r e e w i t h t he i nf o r m a t i o ng i v e n i n R e a d i n g P a s s a g e 2 ? / p >p b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > 0 0 I n b o x e s 1 9 - 2 6 o n y o u r a n s w e r s h e e t , w r i t e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > 0 0 T R U E i f t h e s t a t e m e n t a g r e e s w i t h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > 0 0 F A L S E i f t h e s t a t e m e n t c o n t r a d i c t s t h e i n f o r m a t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 2 " > 0 0 N O T G I V E N i f t h e r e i s n o i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h i s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 1 9 N i n e t e e n t h - c e n t u r y s t u d i e s o f t h e n a t u r e o f g e n i u s f a i l e d t o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e u n i q u e n e s s o f t h e pe r s o n s u p b r i n g i n g . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 20 N i n e t e e n t h - c e n t u r y s t u d i e s o f g e n i u s l a c ke d b o t h o b j e c t i v i t y a n d a p r o p e r s c i e n t if i c a p p r o a c h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 2 1 A t r u eg e n i u sh a s g e n e r a l p o w e r s c a p a b l e o f e x c e l l e n c ei n a n y a r e a . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 2 2 T h e s k i l l s o f o r d i n a r y i n d i v i d u a l s a r e i n e s s e n c e t h e sa m e a s t h e s k i l l s o f p r o d i g i e s . / p > pb d s f i d = "1 6 7 " > 0 023 T h e e a s e w i t h w h i c h t r u l y g r e a t i de a s a r e a c c e p t e d a n d t a k e nf o rg r a n t e d f a i l s t o l e s s e n th ei r s i g n i f i c a n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 68 " > 0 0 2 4 G i f t e d n e s s a n d g e n i u s d e s e r v e p r o pe r s c i e n t if i c r e s e a r c h i n t o t h e i r t r u e n a t u r e s o t h a t a l l t a l e n t m a y b e r e t a i n e d f o r t h e h u m a n r a c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 2 5 G e n i u s e s o f t e n p a y a h igh p ri c e t o a c h i e v e g r e a t n e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 2 6 T o b e a g e n i u s i s w o r t h t h e h i g h p e r s o n a l c o s t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 R E A D I N G P A S S A G E 3 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 Y o u s h o u l d s p e n d a b o u t 2 0 m i n u t e s o n Q u e s t i o n s 2 7 - 4 0 , w h i c h a r e b a s e d o n R e a d i n g P a s s a g e3 o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a g e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " >0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 2 7 - 3 2 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > 0 0 Re a d i n g P a s s a g e 3 h a s s e v e n p a r a g r a p h s , A - G . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 7 5 " > 0 0 C h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t h e a d i ng f o r p a r a g r a ph s B - G f r o m t h e li s t o f h e a d i n g s b e l o w . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 0 0 W r i t e t h e c o r r e c t n u m b e r , i - x , i n b o x e s 2 7 - 3 2 o n y o u r a n s w e r s h e e t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > 0 0 L i s t o f H e a d i n g s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 i T h e b i o l o g i c a l c l o c k / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 i i W h y d y i n g i s b e n e f i c i a l / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > 0 0 i i i T h e a g e i n g p r o c e s s o f m e n a n d w o m e n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > 0 0 i v P r o l o n g i n g y o u r l i f e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 v L i m i t a t i o n s o f l i f e s p a n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 v i M o d e s o f d e v e l o p m e n t o f d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 v i i A s t a b l e l i f e s p a n d e s p i t e i m p r o v e m e n t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 v i i i E n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > 0 0 i x F u n d a m e n t a l d i f f e r e nc e s i n a g e i n g o f o b j e c t s a nd o r g a n i s m s / p > p bd s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > 0 0 x Re p a i r ofg e n e t i c m a t e r i a l / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > 0 0 E x a m p l e A n s w e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 0 0 P a r a g r a ph A v / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 9 0 " > 0 0 2 7 P a r a g r a p h B / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > 0 0 2 8 P a r a g r a p h C / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 2 " > 0 0 29 P a r a g r a p h D / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 3 0 P a r ag r a p h E / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 4 " > 0 0 3 1 P a r a g r a p h F / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 3 2 P a r a g r a p h G / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > 0 0 H O W D O E S T H E B I O L O G I C A L C L O C K T I C K ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 0 0 A O u r l if e s p a n i s r e s t r i c t e d . E v e r y o n e a c c e p t s t h i s a s b i o l og i c a l l y o b v i o u s . N o thi n g l i v e s f o r e v e r !H o w e v e r , i n t h i s s t a t e m e n t w e t h i n k o f a r t i f i c i a l l y p r o d u c e d , t e c h n i c a l o b j e c t s , p r o d u c t s w h i c h a r e s u b j e c t e d t o n a t u r a l w e a r a n d t e a r d u r i n g u s e . T h i s l e a d s t o t h e r e s u l t t h a t a t s o m e t i m e o r o t h e r t h e o b j e c t s t o p s w o r k i n g a n d i s u n u s a b l e ( d e a t h i n t h e b i o l o g i c a l s e n s e ) . B u t a r e t h e w e a r a n d t e a r a n d l o s s o f f u n c t i o n o f t e c h n i c a l o b j e c t s a n d t h e d e a t h o f l i v i n g o r g a n i s m s r e a l l y s i m i l a r o r c o m p a r a b l e ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 B O u r d e a d p r o d u c t s a r e s t a t i c , c l o s e d s y s t e m s . I t i s a l w a y s t h e b a s i c m a t e r i a l w h i c h c o n s t i t u t e s t h e o b j e c t a n d w h i c h , i n t h e n a t u r a l c o u r s e o f t h i n g s , i s w o r n d o w n a n d b e c o m e s o l d e r . A g e i n g i n t h i s c a s e m u s t o c c u r a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l a w s o f p h y s i c a l c h e m i s t r y a n d o f t h e r m o d y n a m i c s . A l t h o u g h t h e s a m e l a w h o l d s f o r a l i v i n g o r g a n i s m , t h e r e s u l t o f t h i s l a w i s n o t i n e x o r a b l e i n t h e s a m e w a y . A t l e a s t a s l o n g a s a b i o l o g i c a l s y s t e m h a s t h e a b i l i t y t o r e n e w i t s e l f i t c o u l d a c t u a l l y b e c o m e o l d e r w i t h o u t a g e i n g ; a n o r g a n i s m i s a n o p e n , d y n a m i c s y s t e m t h r o u g h w h i c h n e w m a t e r i a l c o n t i n u o u s l y f l o w s . D e s t r u c t i o n o f o l d m a t e r i a l a n d f o r m a t i o n o f n e w m a t e r i a l a r e t h u s i n p e r m a n e n t d y n a m i c e q u i l i b r i u m . T h e m a t e r i a l o f w h i c h t h e o r g a n i s m i s f o r m e d c h a n g e s c o n t i n u o u s l y . T h u s o u r b o d i e s c o n t i n u o u s l y e x c h a n g e o l d s u b s t a n c e f o r n e w , j u s t l i k e a s p r i n g w h i c h m o r。

雅思7.5备考经验（适合中等水平）经验书籍无保留推荐首先晾一下楼主的英语水平吧。

裸考四级572，六级465（个人认为六级成绩更反映现实）2012年9月中下旬开始接触并决定报考雅思。

两次都在北京语言大学考点。

2012.12.15一战7（L8，R8.5，W5.5，S6）2013.6.8二战7.5（L7，R9，W7，S6）虽然这个第二次考试口语依然渣掉了，但是因缘际会，楼主忽然改变主意所以也就没打算再刷英语成绩了。

然后这里稍微分享一下各小项备考的经验推荐网站以及书籍。

因为楼主自我感觉还会写作阅读稍微打眼那么一点点，这个因为楼主本人暂时不在北京，书本什么的都不在身边。

如果有需求的话，可以写作阅读经验单开版。

再单说一下，楼主本人是不用任何机经的，听力阅读全靠硬考，然后因为个人没用过，所以对机经的使用问题木有任何评价。

所有推荐书籍均为楼主亲历使用，无道听途说现象，但不排除个人使用习惯造成的差异。

另一点就是，虽然楼主准备时间偏短，看时间安排就知道一战只有不足10周准备，但是这样做的结果就是楼主大三上学期课程上课基本全抛平均每天雅思复习时间超过6小时，所以这里绝对不是所谓速成高分捷径。

楼主承认，自己在英语先前积累方面就是个战斗力不足5的渣，所以求轻喷如此暴力备考法……个人建议准备时间还是稍微长一点才更好，最重要的当然还是持之以恒blabla……废话不多说，进重点。

首先加亮推荐：人人网：雅思（每月预测，写作口语什么的，口语真题之类的还蛮重要）新浪微博：@人人网雅思哥（周末直播雅思口语真题，蹲点有望刷到自己教室上一组题目的。

其他网站有记没有用，其存在意义也就不大了，但是上两个绝对是重要的，最关键的是会同时存在很多烤鸭的分享。

剑桥4-9：这个没必要说理由了。

至于新东方配的详解，个人用了，但就个人而言用处不大。

剑4到剑9的使用方法后面会有提及。

听力：1.使用书籍评价：《新航道：9分达人雅思听力真题还原及解析》：先说一句，新航道这套书除了写作我都用了，评价散落在每本书后面。

雅思阅读机经真题解析--CosmeticsInAncientPast为了帮助大家在备考雅思的时候能够练习到更多的真题材料，下面小编给大家带来雅思阅读机经真题解析--Cosmetics In Ancient Past，望喜欢！雅思阅读机经真题解析--Cosmetics In Ancient PastASince cosmetics and perfumes are still in wide use today, it is interesting to compare the attitudes, customs and beliefs related to them in ancient times to those of our own day and age. Cosmetics and perfumes have been popular since the dawn of civilization; it is shown by the discovery of a great deal of pertinent archeological material, dating from the third millennium BC. Mosaics, glass perfume flasks, stone vessels, ovens, cooking-pots, clay jars, etc., some inscribed by the hand of the artisan. evidence also appears in the Bible and other classical writings, where it is written that spices and perfumes were prestigious products known throughout the ancient world and coveted by kings and princes. The written and pictorial descriptions, as well as archaeological findings, all show how important body care and aesthetic appearance were in the lives of the ancient people. The chain of evidence spans many centuries, detailing the usage of cosmetics in various cultures from the earliest period of recorded history.BIn antiquity, however, at least in the onset, cosmetics served in religious ceremonies and for healing purposes. Cosmetics were also connected with cultic worship and witchcraft: to appease the various gods, fragrant ointments were applied to the statuary images and even to their attendants. From this, in the course oftime, developed the custom of personal use, to enhance the beauty of the face and the body, and to conceal defects.CPerfumes and fragrant spices were precious commodities in antiquity, very much in demand, and at times even exceeded silver and gold in value. Therefore they were luxury products, used mainly in the temples and in the homes of the noble and the wealthy. The Judean kings kept them in treasure houses (2 Kings 20:13).And the Queen of Sheba brought to Solomon "camels laden with spices, gold in great quantity and precious stones." (1 Kings 10:2,10). However, within time, the use of cosmetics became the custom of that period. The use of cosmetics became widespread among the lower classes as well as among the wealthy; in the same way they washed the body, so they used to care for the body with substances that softened the skin and anoint it with fragrant oils and ointments.DFacial treatment was highly developed and women devoted many hours to it. They used to spread various scented creams on the face and to apply makeup in vivid and contrasting colors. An Egyptian papyrus from the 16th century BC contains detailed recipes to remove blemishes, wrinkles, and other signs of age. Greek and Roman women would cover their faces in the evening with a "beauty mask" to remove blemishes, which consisted mainly of flour mixed with fragrant spices, leaving it on their face all night. The next morning they would wash it off with asses' milk. The very common creams used by women in the ancient Far East, particularly important in the hot climate and prevalent in that area of the globe, were made up of oils and aromatic scents. Sometimes the oil in these creams was extracted from olives,almonds, gourds, sesame, or from trees and plants; but, for those of limited means, scented animal and fish fats were commonly used.EWomen in ancient past commonly put colors around their eyes. Besides beautification, its purpose was also medicinal as covering the sensitive skin of the lids with colored ointments that prevented dryness and eye diseases: the eye-paint repelled the little flies that transmitted eye inflammations. Egyptian women colored the upper eyelid black and the lower one green, and painted the space between the upper lid and the eyebrow gray or blue. The women of Mesopotamia favored yellows and reds. The use of kohl for painting the eyes is mentioned three times in the Bible, always with disapproval by the sages (2 Kings, 9:30; Jeremiah 4:30; Ezekiel 23:40). In contrast, Job names one of his daughters “Keren Happukh” —“horn of eye paint” (Job 42:14) FGreat importance was attached to the care for hair in ancient times. Long hair was always considered a symbol of beauty, and kings, nobles and dignitaries grew their hair long and kept it well-groomed and cared for. Women devoted much time to the style of the hair, while not culling, they would apply much care to it by arranging it skillfully in plaits and "building it up" sometimes with the help of wigs. Egyptian women generally wore their hair flowing down to their shoulders or even longer. In Mesopotamia, women cherished long hair as a part of their beauty, and hair flowing down their backs in a thick plait and tied with a ribbon is seen in art. Assyrian women wore their hair shorter, braiding and binding it in a bun at the back. In Ancient Israel, brides would wear their hair long on the wedding day as a sign of their virginity.Ordinary people and slaves, however, usually wore their hair short, mainly for hygienic reasons, since they could not afford to invest in the kind of treatment that long hair required.GFrom the Bible and Egyptian and Assyrian sources, as well as the words of classical authors, it appears that the centers of the trade in aromatic resins and incense were located in the kingdom of Arabia, and even as far as India, where some of these precious aromatic plants were grown. "Dealers from Sheba and Rammah dealt with you, offering the choicest spices..." (Ezekiel 27:22). The Nabateans functioned as the important middlemen in this trade; Palestine also served as a very important component, as the trade routes crisscrossed the country. It is known that the Egyptian Queen Hatsheput (15th century BC) sent a royal expedition to the Land of Punt (Somalia) in order to bring back myrrh seedlings to plant in her temple. In Assyrian records of tribute and spoils of war, perfumes and resins are mentioned; the text from the time of Tukulti-Ninurta II (890-884 BC) refers to balls of myrrh as part of the tribute brought to the Assyrian king by the Aramaean kings. The trade in spices and perfumes is also mentioned in the Bible as written in Genesis (37:25-26), "Camels carrying gum tragacanth and balm and myrrh".Questions 15-21Reading Passage 2 has 7 paragraphs A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write your answers in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet.15 recipes to conceal facial defects caused by aging16 perfumes were presented to conquerors in war17 long hair of girls had special meanings in marriage18 evidence exists in abundance showing cosmetics use inancient times19 protecting eyes from fly-transmitted diseases20 from witchcraft to beautification21 more expensive than goldQuestions 22-27Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage22 The written record for cosmetics and perfumes dates back to the third millennium BC.23 Since perfumes and spices were luxury products, their use was exclusive to the noble and the wealthy.24 In ancient Far East, fish fats were used as cream by women from poor households.25 The teachings in the Bible were repeatedly against the use of kohl for painting the eyes.26 Long hair as a symbol of beauty was worn solely by women of ancient cultures.27 The Egyptian Queen Hatsheput sent a royal expedition to Punt to establish a trade route for myrrh.文章题目：古代化妆Cosmetics In Ancient Past篇章结构体裁论说文题目古代化妆结构A段：化妆品和香水在古代就已经非常流行B段：化妆品最早用于宗教和治疗目的C段：香水和香料在古代是奢侈品，但仍被广泛使用D段：古时面部护理十分发达，女性广泛使用面霜和面膜E段：古代女性也将色彩涂在眼睛周围F段：古代人们非常重视头发的保养G段：古代的香料运输及贸易Cosmetics In Ancient Past试题分析Question 1题目类型：题号定位词文中对应点题目解析15 recipe; age D段第四句D段主要在讲古代女性非常重视面部护理，第三句话提到一份埃及莎草纸上记载了去除面部瑕疵的方法，这句话中的recipes to remove blemishes...other signs of age可以对应题干中的recipe和facial defects caused by aging，故此题选D。

2013年4月18日雅思阅读考试回忆刘美超老师简介：环球雅思教研主管。

中国石油大学英语专业科班出身，持有专业英语八级证书、教师资格证书。

“三维一体”听力教学，集场景教学、做题技巧与应试策略于一体；授课亲切自然，实力与技巧完美结合。

深谙雅思各级学员状况，量体裁衣，为学生提供无间隙性服务！使用说明：本文系环球雅思教研主管刘美超老师征集，环球雅思学校赵晨老师撰写的原创文章。

赵晨老师主讲雅思阅读，写作，英语翻译硕士，专业八级，专业笔译口译。

完整版回忆可直接去环球雅思论坛进行下载。

阅读： 2篇旧题第一篇：斯里兰卡水箱Q1-6: Summary 填空题 ( NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)1. What is the major way for local people make b arely a support of living in Muthukandiya village?Crop production B段第三行2. Where can adult workers make extra money from in daytime?Sugar-cane plantations3. What have been dug to supply water for daily household life?Three wells4. In which year did the plan of a new project to lessen the effect ofdrought begin?19985. Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from?roofs of houses6. What help family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?Storage tanksQ7-14: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN7. NGMost of the government’s actions and other programs have somewhat f ailed.8. YESMasons w ere trained for the constructing parts of the rainwater harvesting system.9. NOThe cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagersand the local government.10. YESTanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.11. NOTo send her daughter to school, a widow had to work for a job in rainwater harvesting scheme.12. NOT GIVENHouseholds benefited began to pay part of the maintenance or repairs.13. NOT GIVENTraining two masons at the same time is much more preferable to training single one.14. NOOther organizations had built tanks larger in size than the tanks builtin Muthukandya.第二篇：化学发展史1-6: Information Containing:1. The development of various scientific methods D2. A reference of personal connection between different sciences B3. Explain the limitation of chemical equipment at that time D4. Applicable devices invented within chemistry E5. History of great leaping development of chemist F6. The unstable political situation of different countries A7-13: Summary:Chemistry rely on __________, just as ____rely on eyes, and _______need devices such as _________ in early chemistry, chemists used differentnumber of ________ to control temperature of the fires. Although _____was known in classic Greece and it seems to have been invented and made inVenice or northern Italy about 1289. _____________ was put in the thermometer which made chemistry further development.7. Tools8. Astronomy9. Burning glass10. Physics11. Candles12. Pendulum13. Alcohol/mercury thermometer环球雅思学校刘美超微博名：YS美超环球雅思学校教研中心微博名：环球雅思教研中心。

V08120 S1=V06141 S1一个女的打电话问旅游公司不同旅游package 的information1---10)填空题1)几个住处,第一个叫Rose Garden第二个叫Blue Bay, Blue Bay 离海滨多远?300 meters away from the beach.2)第三个住处名字Sun Shade, 第四个是Grand3)Sun Shade这个套餐房间的价格是$3194)每个房间里都有Satellite TV, 还有overlooking great paintings in every room5)Sun Shade娱乐项目是has a view over forest6)如果cancellation, 要付多少钱,男士说至少$10,0007)为航班延时误点missed departure 投的保险8)还有一项保险是在某个情况下允许relative出游9)如出现丢失物品的情况,整件要赔$500, a single item 另行处理10)女的又询问了这个男的名字:Ben Ludlow机经细致解析：话题背景=旅游度假咨询必须认识的单词: package tour 全包游 Rose Garden 玫瑰园 Blue Bay 蓝色港湾cancellation 取消departure 离开 insurance 保险注意事项: Sunshade专有名词要首字母大写Ludlow 专有人名,首字母大写.另外请同学们注意红色的单词,一定要会拼写.V08120 S2比较每个农场的特点.11) A. individual12)B. gift13---16 填表题13) kids favorite; donkeys14) apples15) fig is $616) tomatoes17---20 填地图17)右上角B18)左下角河对岸G19)左下角有树林F20)右下角H机经细致解析: 话题背景=农场果园对比介绍必须认识的单词: barren 贫瘠的 fruit 水果 farmland 农场 orchard 果园 fig 无花果17---20题是选项填地图题. 注意填表题大部分单词都用的复数形式.V08120 S4蜜蜂视力如何应用于人类31---34)选择题31)选C small head32)辨认个体蜜蜂的方法,选B 在蜜蜂身上不同colour的标记33)选: 科学家在蜜蜂身上加了a sign applied to their bodies34) 选: distance35---40) 填空题35) lack of enough warning36) urban37) radar38) speed39) the earth40) water机经细致解析:话题背景=蜜蜂视力如何应用于人类请大家将选择题的答案进行记忆,有时间的话可以看下跟此有关的文章,一可以增加知识量,第二如果将来遇到这种考题可以更加容易理解.V08126 S3墨西哥沙漠实习考察21---25选择题21.参加该项目应该? 选CA. inform tutorB. register in administrationC. fill in an application form22. 学校支持该项目的费用选AA. 450B. 1000C. 2000 (这个题目选的不是中间那个,大家特殊记一下)23. 如何确定沙漠的标准? 选AA. evaporation is more than rainfallB. more than 40 cm rainfallC. rare rainfall24. 他们要去什么地方? 选BA. desert grasslandB. marine forestC. desert…25. 为什么他们选择区沙漠作为课题的研究? 选BA. plantsB. 因为那里有its birdsC. *******26---30 填空题26.this trip available for life science undergraduate students27. 要带上laptop, 每天要写报告journal28. ship作为一个base29. 最古老的植物12,000 years old30. 老师推荐给同学一本书,名字named “ Baked Earth.”(专有的书名,必须大写)机经细致解析: 话题背景=在墨西哥沙漠调研实习的介绍必须认识的单词:application form 申请表scholarship 奖学金loan 贷款evaporate 蒸发rainfall 降雨desert 沙漠grassland 草原marine 海的forest 森林undergraduate 尚未获得学士学位的大学生最容易错的单词, Life Sciences: 生命科学,专有学科名称需要大写,而且都是用的复数形式. laptop 笔记本电脑这个词上课的时候讲过而且考过拼写,希望各位同学引起高度重视.V08121 S2介绍一个老房子博物馆11---14 填空题11.这个人买这栋大房子前这里是: farm12. 关于Chinese wallpaper 的什么是哪个世纪的? 18th13. 某人去世时所在的房间名称: The Birds(专门表示房间的名字,要大写)14. dining room 中有许多什么古董? chairs15---17 选择题15. rare trees16. geese(goose的复数形式,注意积累)17. swan18---20 配对题18. history----gallery19. books---gift shop20. trails---woodland机经细致解析: 一个老房子博物馆必须认识的单词wallpaper 墙纸antique 古董swan 天鹅goose 鹅gallery 画廊woodland 林地trail 小径本题考到了一些动物的名称以及其实平时生活中可以积累的单词,希望同学们继续保持上课时要求的习惯,注意生活中的单词的积累以及场景单词的积累.V08124 S2关于所得税21. provide evidence of information22. penalty up to 3000 pounds23. bank statements24. April25. easy to do calculating26. don’t need any storage space27. the government will assume you make a mistake28. down the form from the website29. health department30. Sports Centre机经细致解析:关于所得税的经济类话题,上课在讲到商业场景的时候提到过这类题目,只要是经济有关的单词不需要记的非常专业,但是一些基本的单词必须要掌握住, 像bank statement 这个词相信大家已经不是第一次见到了吧! 本题在听的过程中还有一些词希望大家可以掌握住income 收入tax 税penalty 惩罚download 下载V08125 S4介绍一种新的水处理系统sea water purify(SW40)31---36 填空题31. 一些地下水可以使用, 而海水因为有太多的salts所以不能使用(salt 在这里表示化学盐,是可数名词, 如果表示食盐的时候就是不可数名词,对于这类单词大家一定要特别注意)32. SW40 可以使用在sea water净化上,甚至是hospitals(曾经一个很幽默的同学跟我讲口语的时候一激动就说成了house potato, 虽然是口误,但是说明了很多同学在背诵多音节单词的时候还是需要稍微注意下,呵呵)33. 虽然这个SW40比较好用,但是他purify water 的速度too slow(这里too必须要加上, 表示程度的)34. 这个设备的推广使用得到了哪个组织的协助: Health International35. SW40 can output 9 litres water in a sunny day.(liters 写成这个写法也可以了)36. A SW40 can support the water use of a family37—40 图解标签题37. 盖子is made of glass38. UV 射线can destroy germs39. SW 40 和水平面的夹角是12.5°40.water tank collect containing water.机经细致解析:太阳能水净化系统,必须认识的单词output 产出clip 夹子UV 紫外的radiation 放射线purify 净化plastic 塑料creature 生物container 容器V08129 S1讲一个人加入俱乐部1. radio program2. 邮箱地址: mj@(电子邮箱的注意点上课已经说过了,标点符号的英文读音,@的读音. 最近非常喜欢考网址和电子邮件的,这里要注意的地方是co 代表的是company不要写成com3. 选择type最小的那种,也就是2年的(数字题目还是写数字会保险很多,因为不占字数要求.)4. Union Bank(专有名词,一定要大写)5. £49(一定要加单位的符号)6. joint account(相信大家对这个词不陌生吧! 讲到银行场景的时候说过,表示联名账户的意思)7. 15th Oct8. reference number(reference 再怎么样都要会拼写.)9. JW142(字幕和数字的组合)10. video机经细致解析: 个人信息表格题---参加俱乐部必须认识的单词subscription 会员费membership 会员资格annual 每年的V08129 S4介绍company ethic31. four decades 40年32. philosophers 哲学家33. Private Property 私有制(书名，首字母大写)34. accountable 负有责任的35. health36. young37. corrupt 腐败的，不道德的38. morality39. global perspective40. issues机经细解：背景=商业道德发展史由于本机经回忆内容有限，题目并不是很清楚，大家要做到以上10道题中的单词拼写必会掌握。

1月5号雅思A类大作文reading for pleasure can be better developed in imagination and language skills than watching tv. to what extent you agree or disagree. 小作文是pie charts-离开和留在英国的不同原因。

雅思写作G类大作文Task 2 Some people Believe Children should do what their parents tell them to do. Others think children must learn thinking themselves. Discuss both and give your opinion!1月10日小作文：比较音乐，时尚，体育杂志六年间的销量，只有一张曲线图。

大作文：工作不满意人生就没意义，赞成不赞成1月12日A类task1——Bar——The bar charts show the different birth rate in five countries in 2 years. task2——教育——In some countries, the parents expect children tospend long time in studying both in and after school and have less freetime. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children andthe society?G类task1——申请信task2——育儿——Some people believe children should do what theirparents tell them to do. Others think children must learn thinkingthemselves. Discuss both and give your opinion.1月19日A类小作文饼图大作文题目：childcare is an important task for nations. it is suggested that all mothers and fathers should be required to take childcare courses. to what extent do you agree or disagree2月2日A类task1——Bar charts——the percentage of boys and girls getting high grades in a country in 1960 and 2000.task2——育儿——Some people think it's all bad for children to watch TV, others believe watching TV can bring positive effects on children when they grow up, discuss both and give your own opinion.G类G类大作文为预测中的生活与社会类的结合。