In the history of Chinese several records of corruption
Mr Wang yanan once said, a history of 24, is a history of corruption, deep in the extreme.
Regardless of any differences between history and reality, in describing the corruption, the
astonishing similar displays in: (1) the power and money symbiosis; (2) splendour of privilege and
wealth. From the form, is similar to the corruption and the modern in the history of corruption, the
coexistence of political status and economic benefits, must it be one second. But the reality of
system structure, after all, and not in the history of the identical. System is rooted in modern
corruption must use public power to catalysis and set up a market system, and corruption in the
history of political privileges based on countries are doomed.
The Wall Street journal Asia in 2001 made a one thousand global most 50 list, six people "glory"
list in China, they are respectively the genghis khan and Kublai Khan, the Ming dynasty eunuch
liu, the qing dynasty big corrupt official and soong, howqua, and the government of the republic
of China's finance minister. None of them is a real businessman, has Shared a "officer", and are
not small officer. All six people is China's most powerful and close to the most powerful people.
And personal property or about $1900 in 1 billion, equivalent to the country's annual fiscal
revenue, empress dowager cixi embezzled navy to build their own nursing home, the Summer
Palace, the record of a country of corruption.
A so-called responsible government, it is can answer question of the government. When the
people's congress at all levels have the ability to challenge government revenue and spending
review, and when the answer is not a serious objection to the government, the political civilization
of China will enter a new era. From another Angle, the government fiscal revenue and expenditure
plans should be quite a transparency, people's congress shall have the ability through the
democratic process review, this will mean further on political burden for the government, from the
heavy responsibility and power. There is no doubt that time is needed to do this and conditions.
Objectively speaking, the ancient Chinese government officials at all levels are not only provides
the people with inferior quality-high price public services, management of public affairs, at the
same time has definitely take long a pair of hand - especially to learn effectively is a piece of cake.
On the issue of corruption, the first priority is system rather than the individual character, China
has kept in one of the ills of public management system is that it never know, also don't want to
clear up the following deal with office routine should spend how many money, and how much
money should be paid to the people in the government is reasonable. In short is much less money,
the government didn't have enough money, so to connive at random to receive the money "policy",
or allowed to trade power function, the result is the "rules" of each district is different, the
administrative management is messed up.
It is easy to understand, if meet the reasonable demands were not reasonable, is bound to rely on is
not a reasonable way to meet, it's hard to see between reasonable service charges and exploiting
MinCai gold line. Modern administrative accountability system is the center of gravity down, by
the taxpayer look at "how many people, spend how many money, how much matter", at this
moment, the eyes of the masses, the government at a higher level easier then; While traditional
accountability is eyes upward. Practice proves that the ancient and modern, the lower officials to
fool the people, and deceive supervisor how astonishing how much enthusiasm and efficiency.
Chinese qing dynasty officials incomes
(at) in late qing dynasty period, in the history of Chinese political corruption with the
intensification of contradictions, reached a new intensity.
First of all, by from farmers accept rent is making money is not much. According to Mr Chang
chung-li's meticulous research, will China as a whole, "in the late 19th century about a third of the
land belong to the manor... if these gentlemen average charge rent is RMB $1 silver, gentlemen
received the total amount of rent is 2.25 twenty million pieces of silver", "if this total amount is
1.5 million gentleman divide in the country, every gentleman get less than 150 21... from the land
income is very low." But even so, because the land for officials to uphold and rich than rich
special utility, as a result, the rich have become obvious evidence of corruption. Westerners say,
for example, li hongzhang has hundreds of thousands of acres of land, they call li hongzhang all
over the world's richest man, can achieve the degree of worth showing off "to the every dog
barking is fat". In the late 19th century, yuan shikai's uncle, a native of henan officials) in a letter
on self-made segmentation, according to the division of property shall be 5000 mu of land.
Second, at the time the amount of the officials in fixed income, only 629.5 two thousand pieces of
silver, and the extra income is about 19 times of fixed income. Estimates that a few gentlemen
revenue of 12100 two thousand pieces of silver a year, a large silver current officials share by
23000. "The average officials one year the total revenue of more than 5000." The tragic in the
shape of visible corruption.
Third, officials at the grass-roots level of the reasonable part of income, and the unreasonable and
boundaries of the blackmail is very fuzzy.
Chinese folk from high day far from the emperor -- often lawless, stay at home the full read
Confucian classics and have fame gentleman grassroots social disputes, mediation effectively
supplement the insufficient part of the government function. After solve the disputes between
private parties usually send some gift.
Mediation of civil disputes revenues is called "fees", dealing with local public revenue according
to "manager", "from a gentleman service revenue, including manager fees and expenses, estimated
at 1.11 twenty million silver. From these sources gentleman total income amount and high rank
gentleman income almost, and some of them get income from the two sources. At the same time,
in other words, in all the gentlemen, about two-thirds of the gentleman from this points to a slice
of revenues. For this kind of service to a gentleman can get 110 per year on average more than two
silver".
Finally, our eyes up, take a look at more than seven items magistrate of a county official income
geometry?
Historically, the ancient Chinese government is very concerned about integrity problem,
regardless of western governments on the problem of "high salary YangLian" how many smart
move, China is undoubtedly "high pay YangLian" largest practitioners. On the one hand, the
government didn't YangLian no, on the other hand, the government's high salary seems not to raise
"cheap". In the qing dynasty, the most thing that maketh smile, and it's in the government's official
system arrangement, spending by the government YangLianYin is much larger than the official
salary. Such as a magistrate of a county of jiangsu province was given a $1000 YangLianYin two
to 1800 silver, and his salary only 45 or two a year, less than 5% of the YangLianYin. A magistrate
of a county a vestment value 300 two to 400 silver, about his salary for three years. Can't always
