兰州大学 考博真题 英语 2007

[C] indeed 真正地，实际上 [D] moreover 而且
【答案】 B
【考点】 逻辑搭配
【难度系数】 0.763
【解析】 从选项给出的内容可以判断这里填入的词表示逻辑关系。文章第一段讨论独立领导者们拥有共同的治国理
念，而本段探讨的是他们在宗教问题方面存在的分歧。显然这是一种转折关系，故答案为 B。
A。
12.[A] Since 自……以来 [B] If 如果
[C] Unless 除非
Hale Waihona Puke [D] While 虽然【答案】 D
【考点】 逻辑搭配
【难度系数】 0.6
【解析】 前文谈到领导人在宗教上有分歧，接着谈到罗马天主教曾经是国教。空所在的句子则应该是谈到不同领导
人对宗教的看法，表示两种观点之间的对比关系，只有 D 合适，故答案为 D。
[D] rejected 拒绝
【答案】 A
【考点】 词汇搭配
【难度系数】 0.418
【解析】 空所在的语意为：许多独立国家的领导者 典型的政府理念，……，以及把个体的信仰作为社会的基础。
显然典型政府、职业、和自由贸易等都是对这一理念的具体说明，应该是这些领导人共同持有的。能表现一个群体
拥有共同想法的动词只有 A，故答案为 A。
[C] granted 授予，同意 [D] funded 为……提供资金
【答案】 A
【考点】 词义辨析
【难度系数】 0.239
【解析】空所在的语境是：罗马天主教在独立以前是国教，也是被西班牙王国政府所 的宗教。显然这里填入的词应
该是许可之类的，A 和 C 均有此义，C 强调申请之后被批准，显然宗教不适合用这个词，而容许更适合，故答案为

2007考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants[C]peoples [D]individuals2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully [C]worriedly[D]hopefully3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously [D]Generally7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10.[A]with[B]about [C]among[D]by11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20.[ A] puzzled by[B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about[D]unprepared for文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句;有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aidfrom Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fellsick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”41You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically reviewtheir emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.43Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.44Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be carefulnot to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

2007考研英语真题答案2007年的考研英语真题是考研英语备考中非常重要的一部分，它可以帮助考生了解考试难度和考点。

为了帮助大家更好地应对2007年的考研英语真题，以下将对该年的真题进行详细解析。

第一部分：阅读理解第一篇:原题：Text 1To make farms sustainable， Weis faces tougher problems. Current scales， which are determined by the number of livestock each operation has， are supposed to limit the amount of manure a farmer needs to handle.A better approach， says Weis， would limit the number of livestock permitted in watersheds， the area of land that drains to a particular body of water， preventing the overloading of a region by livestock waste.Question 1： The author mentions the desired outcome of setting scales in paragraph 3 to argue thatOptions：A. scale setting has failed to address a significant problemB. scales have made farms more sustainableC. scale setting can lead to excessive waste productionD. scales often limit the number of animals on a farm答案解析：本题属于信息提取题，答案位于第一段的第二句话：A better approach， says Weis， would limit the number of livestock permitted in watersheds， the area of land that drains to a particular body of water， preventing the overloading of a region by livestock waste.选项C与原文一致，表达了限制比例的方法能够防止过度的废弃物产生，因此答案选C。

8.[A］freedom ［B] origin [C］impact [D] reform9。

［A] therefore [B］however [C] indeed ［D］moreover10.[A］with [B] about ［C] among ［D] by11.［A] allowed ［B］preached [C] granted [D] funded12。

［A] Since ［B] If ［C］Unless [D] While13.[A］as [B] for [C] under [D] against14.[A］spread ［B］interference ［C] exclusion ［D］influence15。

［A］support [B］cry [C] plea [D］wish16.［A］urged ［B] intended [C] expected ［D] promised17。

[A] controlling ［B］former [C］remaining ［D] original18。

［A］slower ［B] faster [C] easier ［D］tougher19.［A] created [B] produced [C］contributed ［D] preferred20.［A］puzzled by ［B］hostile to ［C］pessimistic about ［D］unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts。

Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A］，［B］, ［C］, or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。

（40 points）Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament，youwould most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks，you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon？Here are a few guesses：a）certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b）winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity，which increasessoccer stamina; c) soccer—mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime，at the annual peak of soccermania; d）none of the above。

考研英语2007真题答案考研英语2007真题答案考研英语作为研究生入学考试的一部分，一直备受考生们的关注和重视。

2007年的考研英语真题是很多考生备考的重要参考资料之一。

本文将对2007年考研英语真题进行分析，并给出相应的答案。

第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语中的重点部分，也是考生们备考过程中最需要花费时间和精力的部分。

2007年考研英语真题中的阅读理解部分包括了三篇文章，分别是《The Role of Women in the 19th Century》、《The Origin of the Species》和《The Industrial Revolution》。

首先，我们来看第一篇文章《The Role of Women in the 19th Century》。

这篇文章主要讲述了19世纪女性在社会中的地位和角色。

根据文章内容，我们可以得出以下答案：1. The author's attitude towards women in the 19th century is most likely to be _______.答案：positive2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for women's limited access to education in the 19th century?答案：lack of interest in education3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?答案：Women were expected to focus on domestic duties and child-rearing.接下来，我们来看第二篇文章《The Origin of the Species》。

2007年武汉大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. English-Chinese Translation 3. Chinese-English Translation 4. WritingReading ComprehensionWhat is so special about intuitive talent? Extensive research on brain skills indicates that those who score as highly intuitively on such test instruments as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator tend to be the most innovative in strategic planning and decisionmaking. They tend to be more insightful and better at finding new ways of doing things. In business, they are the people who can sense whether a new product idea will “fly” in the marketplace. They are the people who will generate ingenious new solutions to old problems that may have festered for years. These are the executives that all organizations would love to find. But, surprisingly, organizations often thwart, block, or drive out this talent--the very talent they require for their future survival! At the very least, most organizations lack well- established human-capital programs designed to search for and consciously use their employees’intuitive talent in the strategic-planning process. As a result, this talent is either not used, suppressed, or lost altogether. Typically, highly intuitive managers work in an organizational climate that is the opposite of that which would enable them to flourish and to readily use their skills for strategic decisionmaking. This climate can be characterized as follows: New ideas are not readily encouraged. Higher managers choose others who think much as they do for support staff. Unconventional approaches to problemsolving encounter enormous resistance. Before long, the intuitive executive begins to emotionally withdraw, slowly but surely reducing his or her input and often leaving the organization altogether. To achieve higher productivity in the strategic-planning and decisionmaking process, clearly what is needed is an organizational climate in which intuitive brain skills and styles can flourish and be integrated with more-traditional management techniques. The organization’s leadership must have a special sensitivity to the value of intuitive input in strategic decisionmaking and understand how to create an environment in which the use of intuition will grow, integrating it into the mainstream of the organization’s strategic-planning process.1．Which of the following does NOT describe intuitive talents?A．They are innovative in strategic planning.B．They are good at finding new approaches to old problems.C．They are the executives that all organizations would love to find.D．They are fully utilized.正确答案：D解析：D(他们受到重用。

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830, the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 , there was less agreement 10the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.[A] natives [B] inhabitants [C] peoples [D] individuals2.[A] confusedly [B] cheerfully [C] worriedly [D] hopefully3.[A] shared [B] forgot [C] attained [D] rejected4.[A] related [B] close [C] open [D] devoted5.[A] access [B] succession [C] right [D] return6.[A] Presumably [B] Incidentally [C] Obviously [D] Generally7.[A] unique [B] common [C] particular [D] typical8.[A] freedom [B] origin [C] impact [D] reform9.[A] therefore [B] however [C] indeed [D] moreover10.[A] with [B] about [C] among [D] by11.[A] allowed [B] preached [C] granted [D] funded12.[A] Since [B] If [C] Unless [D] While13.[A] as [B] for [C] under [D] against14.[A] spread [B] interference [C] exclusion [D] influence15.[A] support [B] cry [C] plea [D] wish16.[A] urged [B] intended [C] expected [D] promised17.[A] controlling [B] former [C] remaining [D] original18.[A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher19.[A] created [B] produced [C] contributed [D] preferred20.[A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C]pessimistic about [D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer pl ayer in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increasessoccer stamina;c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccermania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept impr oving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startlingassertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numericalsequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s t he difference between love and fondness? Or what is thenature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both com e in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional tests are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at t he side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback—a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ futurehealthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent—and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year—from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley—have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders”. Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Set a Good Example for Your Kids[B] Build Your Kids’ Work Skills[C] Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities[D] Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis[E] Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies[F] Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are[G] Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to(46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links theseconcepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.Thesecan only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsWrite a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文主要论述了西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地在独立以后面临的各种问题。

2007年清华大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionSometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever-increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc. , while at the same time its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls). When this happens, the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range. Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80%, profits by over 100%, and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today, however, the equation is completely different—despite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world’s largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy. Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $ 36. 10 and $ 54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share; squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnant stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $ 2. 16 (a rise of 54%), the cash dividend has more than doubled to $1.20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300%), and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的) has actually decreased from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2. 355 billion due to the company’s share repurchase program.1．This passage is probably a part of______.A．Find Hidden Value in the MarketB．Become RicherC．Get Good BargainsD．Identify Good Companies正确答案：A解析：主题型题。

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s） for each numbered blank and mark [A]，［B］，[C] or ［D] on ANSWER SHEET 1。

(10 points）By 1830， the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations。

The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government， careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society。

6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church，9 , there was less agreement 10the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states， some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian， valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere exceptSpain’s17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 。

7。

[A] unique ［B］common ［C］particular [D］typical8。

［A] freedom ［B] origin ［C］impact ［D] reform9.[A］therefore ［B] however ［C] indeed ［D］moreover10。

［A] with [B] about ［C] among ［D］by11.［A] allowed ［B] preached ［C］granted ［D] funded12。

[A］Since ［B］If ［C］Unless [D] While13。

[A］as ［B] for [C］under ［D] against14。

［A］spread [B］interference ［C] exclusion [D］influence15.[A］support [B］cry ［C］plea ［D］wish16.［A] urged ［B］intended [C］expected ［D］promised17.［A] controlling [B］former [C] remaining ［D] original18。

[A］slower ［B］faster ［C] easier ［D］tougher19.［A］created ［B] produced ［C] contributed ［D］preferred20.[A］puzzled by ［B] hostile to [C］pessimistic about [D］unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts。

Answer the questions below each text by choosing ［A]，[B］, ［C］, or [D］。

华南师范大学2007年考博英语试题（拼写错误检查版）Section I Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: There are 40 sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.1. Conscience __ him day and night after he saw the miseries other child which was caused by his misdoings with his own eyes.A. racksB. persecutesC. maltreatsD. abuses2. Her professional ethics is now being questioned since she often __ her reports to suit the peopleshe is speaking to.A. disfiguresB. deformsC. misshapesD. distorts3. The developed countries are urging the developing countries to adopt a strategy that can __ the twin needs of development and preservation of nature.A. assimilateB. correspondC. coincideD. reconcile4. "Venice __ as the major sea power of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages, which waserne mentioned by some writers, such as Shakespeare, Marlowe, etc..A. prevailedB. reignedC. presidedD. restrained5. Terrorists __ to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims.A. resortedB. tookC. sawD. looked6. The dilemma I was caught in several years ago bears a close ____ to the one you are involved in today, so perhaps I can give you some advice.A. likenessB. resemblanceC. analogyD. familiarity7. As civilization ____ in the direction of technology, it passes the point of supplying all the basic essentials of life- food, shelter and clothes.A. processesB. precedesC. proceedsD. exceeds8. In most cases politicians are __ as they seldom tell the truth.A. skepticalB. pessimistic -C. incredulousD. incredible9. He __ his children nothing and gave them whatever they wantedA. rejectedB. deniedC. deprivedD. restrictedl 0. He __ of having missed a good opportunity to study abroad but he "knew it was no use crying over spilt milk.A. weptB. mournedC. grievedD. repented11.The work is not very profitable____cash, but I am getting valuable experience from itA. in accordance withB. on the basis ofC. in terms ofD. in the light of12. When the hostess received my compliment on her new car, she responded with great pleasureabout how the car is a ____buy.A. modestB. choiceC. superiorD. eloquent13. After having been dismissed from the factory, John had to earn a meager living by thetelevision sets.A. over~{usingB. patchingC. servicingD. remedying14. In fact, the U.S Congress ____ to the British Parliament as they both have the right to make laws.A. agreesB. correspondsC. matchesD. coincides15. The speaker announced that the President would convene his top aides for the regular meetingbut he didn't the time and place ..A. designateB. denote "C. manifestD. specify16. The amount of heat produced by this electrical apparatus is --at will by turning a small. handle.A. variableB. variousC. differentD. diverse17. All visitors are requested to with the regulations.A. abideB. complyC. consentD. conform18. I him at Once as an American when he stepped onto the stage with three other actors.A. regardedB. deemedC. spottedD. discerned19. By adapting to your mental condition, you can more in less time.A. complementB. implementC. complimentD. accomplish20. He had to be here at ten o'clock, but because of a traffic accident, he didn't show up untilmidnight.A. overtakenB. undertakenC. guaranteedD. warranted21. When the jury brought in a. of guilt, the defendant who was overwhelmingly arrogantseveral minutes ago drooped his head.A. judgmentB. appraisalC. verdictD. conviction22. He Was. from the competition because he had not complied with the rules.A. forbidden.B. barred ~C. disqualifiedD. excused23. He my authory~, by allowing the children to do things that I have ~'--' ~~,by forbidden.A. impairedB.. disabledC. underminedD. undid24. After completing the big dictionary which was popularly received by readers, this famous scholarset out to compile a. to it.A. complementB. supplementC. accessory 'D. helper25. According to the geological theory put forward by a famous geologist at an academic conference newly held in England, the south of Iceland is to earthquakesA. disposedB. likely:C. liableD. inclined26. At the news, the demonstrators who had put the foreign goods under a boycott for several months protested butA. to naughtB. to nothingC. to no availD. to void27. This country's development of science was greatly undermined for large numbers of scientificwere ejected from their motherland since the dictator came into power.A. galaxyB. eliteC. personnelD. swarm28. The university an honorary doctor's degree on the distinguished scholar who was generally regarded as a credit to his own country.A. donatedB. conferredC. subscribedD. granted29. The people of this country have entrenched themselves to any invaders who refuse to give up their evil intention.A. ward offB. cut offC. work offD. lay off30. The mob was by the fiery speech and then they marched down the main street, and set many Chinese stores on fire.A. wakenedB. aroused ,C. inspiredD. agitated31. The politician is shrewd and deep; he was him. seldom on what he expected others to do forA. transparentB. explicitC. prominentD. conspicuous32. In the eyes of the linguists, there exists no among the languages in the world.A. statusB. scaleC. hierarchyD. gauge33. The radio program was presented a joint venture which was registered several months ago.A. by courtesy ofB. on account ofC. by virtue ofD. in terms of34. Some historians are convinced that Rome was a corrupt kingdom that deserved toA.dieB. expireC. perishD. cease35. In the end they came to the conclusion that the evidence produced by the plaintiff wasA. scarceB. rareC. scantyD. deficient36. The conductor of the orchestra was not satisfied with the ballet for the steps of the dancer wasnot with the rhythm of the music.A. coordinatedB. correspondedC. synchronizedD. reconciled37. It is natural for me to on his motives for the visits for we have not been on speaking termsfor many years.A. reflectB. supposeC. speculateD. meditate38. The president placed a wreath on the monument to the heroes and then made a speech to payto the great achievements of the martyrs.A. complimentB. gratitudeC. tribute.D. commendation39. Bribery the confidence that must exist between buyer and seller.A. aggravatesB. deterioratesC. corrodesD. degenerates40. By evacuating the inhabitants in the densely populated areas of the city and establishing temporary shelters, the city. itself for a possible new quake.A. boltedB. bracedC. reinforcedD. strappedSectionⅡUse of English (20points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for" each numbered blank and marked A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.The salmon is one of our most valuable fish. It offers us food, sport , and profit. Ever5, ),ear commercial fishing 41 a harvest of over a billion pounds of salmon from the sea. Hundreds of thousands of salmon are caught each year by eager 42 fishers.In autumn, the rivers of the Northwestern United States come 43 with salmon. The salmon have left the ocean and are '44 their yearly run up river to spawn. Yet today, there arefar fewer salmon than 45 because the salmon 46 has suffered from many perils of the modem age.Water pollution has killed many salmon by 47 them of oxygen. Over - fishing has further decreased their numbers. Dams are another 48 because they lock migration paths. Fish ladders, 49 of stepped pools, have been built so that salmon can swim 50 over the dams. But young salmon swimming to the ocean have "trouble 51 the ladders. Often they 52their deaths over the dam or are killed in giant hydroelectric turbines.53 America will continue to have plenty of salmon, conservationists have planned several. lays to 54 the salmon population. Conservation officials have ~had some success 55 salmon in hatcheries and stocking salmon rivers with them. Salmon are also being 56 into new areas. In 1996, hundreds of thousands of young Coho salmon were planted in streams off Lake Michigan. The adults were expected to migrate to the lake and 57 an undesirable fish. The Cohoes 58 so well on this kind of fish in Lake Michigan 59 Cohoes are beingplanted in other Great Lakes.Thanks to the foresight and 60 of conservationists, the valuable salmon should be around American shores, rivers, and lakes for a long time to come41. A. results in B. results from C. results at D. resulted in42. A. commerce B. sports C. salmon D. kindness43. A. alive B. active C. live D. about-44. A. at B. in C. on D. by45. A. ever so B. ever since C. ever after D. ever before46. A. production B. population C. family D. growing47. A. forbidding B. exploiting C. robbing D. endangering48. A. danger B. obstacle C. problem D. element49. A. made up for B. made Up to C. made up D. made up of50. A. properly B. safely C. quickly D. frequently51. A. discover B. to climb C. finding D. measuring52. A. fall to B. fall back C. fall across D. fall away53. A. So that B. So far as C. So much as D. So long as54. A. explode B. develop C. increase D. catch55. A. supporting B. raising C. keeping D. resulting56. A. invaded B. introduced C. found D. given57. A. live on B. feed in C. feed upon D. feed back58. A. activate B. grow C. thrived D. developed59. A. in which B. that C. where D. which60. A. objectives B. planning C. invention D. arrangementSection ⅢReading Comprehension (30 points)Direction: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.TEXT AIt is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into' which the machines has been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization 's effects, but they agreed that it would transform women's lives.Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation ofwomen's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880% created a new class of "deadened" jobs, thenceforth considered "women' s work." The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with he-mechaniZafi6n of housework and an increase in leisure time for these w0men-than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later 5ecoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-coUar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labor ~remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.61. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. The effects of the mechanization of women's work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.B. Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a society's traditional values and the customary roles of its members~C. Mechanization has caused the nature of women's work change since the Industrial Revolution.D. The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.62. The author, mentions all of the following inventions as examples of dramatic technological innovations EXCEPT theA. sewing machineB. vacuum cleanerC. typewriterD. telephone63. It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, the majority of women's work was done in which of the following settings?A. Textile mills.B. Private households.C. Offices.D. Factories.64. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would consider which of the following to be an indication of a fundamental alteration in the conditions of women's work?A. Statistics showing that the majority of women now occupy white-collar positions.B. Interviews with married men indicating that they are now doing some household tasks.C. Surveys of the labor market documenting the recent creation of a new class of jobs in electronics in which women workers outnumber men four to one.D. Census results showing that working women's wages and salaries are, on the average, as high as those of working men.65. The passage states that, before the twentieth century, which of the following was true of many employers?A. They did not employ women in factories.B. They tended to employ single rather than married women.C. They employed women in only those jobs that were related to women's traditional householdwork.D. They resisted technological innovations that would radically change women's roles in the family.TEXT BPhilosophy in the second half of the 19tb century was based more on biology and history than on mathematics and physics. Revolutionary thought drifted away from metaphysics and epistemology and shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics, and sociology. Pragmatism became the most vigorous school of thought in American philosophy during this time, and it continued the empiricist tradition of grounding knowledge on experience and stressing the inductive procedures of experimental science. The three most important pragmatists of this period were the American philosophers Charles Peirce (1839-1914), considered to be the first of the American pragmatists, William James (1842-1910), the first great American psychologist, and John Dewey (1859 ~ 1952), who further developed the pragmatic principles of Peirce and James into a comprehensive system of thought that he called "'experimental naturalism", or "instrumentalism".Pragmatism was generally critical of traditional western philosophy, especially the notion that there are absolute truths and absolute values. In contrast, Josiah Royce (1855 - 1916), was a leading American exponent of idealism at this time, who beli~.,ved in an absolute truth and held that human thought, and the external world were unified. Pragmatism called for ideas and theories to be tested in practice, assessing whether the), produced desirable or undesirable results. Although pragmatism was popular for a time in Europe, most agree that it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicality, and the equally American distrust of abstract theories and ideologies. Pragmatism is best understood in its historical and cultural context. It arose during a period of rapid scientific advancement, industrialization, and material progress; a time when the theory of evolution suggested to many thinkers that humanity and society are in a perpetual state of progress. This period also saw a decline in traditional religious beliefs and values. As a result, it became necessary t6 rethink fundamental ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality. Pragmatists regarded all theories and institutions as tentative hypotheses and solutions. According to their critics, the pragmatist's refusal to affirm any absolutes carried negative implications for society? challenging the foundations of society's institutions.66. What is this passage primarily about?A. The evolution of philosophy in the second half of the 19tu century.B. The three most important American pragmatists of the late 19a century.C. The differences between pragmatism and traditional western philosophy.D. American pragmatism.67. Which of the following is true?A. Idealism was an important part of the pragmatic approach.B. "Pragmatism" was also known as "traditional western philosophy".C. Pragmatism continued the empiricist tradition.D. Pragmatism is best understood independently o~ its historical and cultural context.68. According to the passage, pragmatism was more popular in America than Europe, becauseA. Americans had ~eater acceptance of the theory of evolutionB. it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicalityC. Europe had a more traditional society based on a much longer historyD. industrialization and material progress was occurring at a faster pace in America at that time69. All of the following are true EXCEPT ..A. revolutionary thought shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics and sociologyB. pragmatists regarded all theories and institutions as tentative hypotheses and solutionsC. Josiah Royce was not a pragmatistD. pragmatism was based on the theory of evolution70. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Josiah Royce considered Charles Peirce to be challenging the foundations of society's institutions.B. Charles Peirce considered Josiah Royce to be too influenced by the theory of evolution.C. John Dewey would not have developed his system of thought called "experimental naturalism" or "instrumentalism" without the pioneering work of Charles Peirce and William James.D. Josiah Royce was a revolutionary thinker.TEXT CMass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who would afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now "know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area, Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years--lots that could have housed five to six million people.Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city, borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.71. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?A. Types of mass transportation.B. Instability of urban life.C. How supply and demand determine land use.D. The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion.72. The author mentions all of the following as effects, of mass transportation on cities EXCEPTA. growth in city areaB. separation of commercial and residential districtsC. changes in life in the inner cityD. increasing standards of living73. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?A. To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.B. To show that mass transit changed many cities.C. To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.D. To contrast their rates of growth.74. According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?A. It was expensive.B. It happened too slowlyC. It was unplanned.D. It created a demand for public transportation.75. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a cityA. that is largeB. that is used as a model for land developmentC. where land development exceeded population growthD. with an excellent mass transportation systemTEXT DA classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was reported in February of 1962 in an article in Scieritific American. The experiments were conducted by a psychologist, John B. Calhoun. and his associates. In each of these experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequate supply of food, water, and other necessities. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing .stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their too: hers. He and his associates then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulated communities. At the end of their experiments, Calhoun and his associates were able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of. social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding. .The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density: They showed deviant maternal behavior: they did not behave as mother rats normally do. In fact, many of the pups, as rat babies are called, died as a result of poor maternal care. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers’care, the pups died. Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pups alone to die. However, the experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered pathologically diseased.The dominant males in the rat population" were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. The fact that the dominant males had adequate space in which to live may explain why they were not as seriously affected by overpopulation as the other rats. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviant behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding in the enclosure.Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping in order to avoid contact with them. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing~ other rats and fighting each other. This segment of the rat population, tike all the other parts, was affected by the overpopulation. The behavior of the non-dominant males and of the other components of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Cal hour,)s experiments. In large urban areas such as New York, London, Mexican City, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. The quantity of other forms of social pathology such as murder, rape, and robbery also frequently occur in densely populated human communities. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun's experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.76. Paragraph 1 is organized according toA. reasons B examples C. examples D. definition77. Calhoun stabilized the rat populationA. when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stressB. by removing young ratsC. at a constant number of adult rats in the enclosureD. all of the above are correct78. Which of the following inferences CANNOT be made from the information in Para. 1A. Calhoun's experiment is still considered important today.B. Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.C. Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowdingD. Calhoun had experimented with rats before.79. Which of the following behavior didn't happen in this experiment?A. All the male rats exhibited pathological behavior.B. Mother rats abandoned their pups.C. Female rats showed deviant maternal behaviorD. Mother rats left their rat babies alone.80. The main idea of the paragraph three is thatA. dominant males had adequate living spaceB. dominant males were not as seriously affected by overcrowding as the other ratsC. dominant males attacked weaker ratsD. the strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditionsTEXT EMurovyovka Nature Park, a private nature resize, is the result of the vision and determination of one man, Sergei Smirenski. The Moscow University Professor has gained the support of international funds as well as local officials, businessmen and Collective farms.Thanks to his efforts, the agricultural project is also under way to create an experimental farm to teach local farmers how to farm without the traditionally heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Two Wisconsin farmers, Don and Ellen Padley, spent last summer preparing land in Tanbovka district, where the park is located, and they will return this summer to plant it。

2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”/The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages,rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。

Part ΙV ocabulary and Structure1.She was embarrassed by her friend’s bad manners.A ashamed because ofB endangered byC amazed atD challenged2.Archaeological discoveries strengthened the hypothesis that Troy existed.A assumptionB propositionC idealD concept3.The substance of an education is its effect on your life, and is not just the ability to pass the life.A purportB natureC essenceD feature4.The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language.A exaggerativeB offensiveC boastfulD thrilling5.He found the old house in complete desolation.A distinctionB devastationC dispositionD disillusion6.His remark are always succinct.A wittyB briefC instructiveD humourous7.I resent his hypocritical posing as a friend for he is interested only in his own advancement.A selfishB uglyC deceptiveD frank8.He managed to keep an earnest expression on his face even though he wanted to smile.A a dramaticB a neutralC a seriousD an annoyed9.The merit of a sales tax is that it decreases government reliance on income taxes.A impositionB surplusC virtueD interaction10. Few disputes between neighbours can not be settled outside the courtroom.A apologiesB billsC anxicticsD argumentsⅡFor each of the following incomplete sentences there are four choices marked A BC and D.Y ou are to choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.11. Milk proteins________ for their high nutritional content.A valuedB is valuedC are valuedD are to be valued12. I insist on _________ this small present as a token of my appreciation.A you to acceptB your acceptingC you acceptingD you accept13. _________ a raining day ,we gave up our plan to go for an outing.A WithB WithC BeingD It being14.__________ the conclusion of each theatrical production, the east customarily reappears before the audience to take a bow.A OutB BeforeC AtD In15. Some areas,_________ their severe weather conditions are sparsely populated.A due toB in spite ofC but forD with regard to16. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _______ the book from which it was made.A have readB had readC should have readD am reading17.There is no rule _________ has exceptions.A butB thatC whichD unless18. It was presumed that he was dead; then one day he ______ in Italy.A turned onB turned upC turned roundD turned out19. The chemical composition of sandstone is the same as _________A that of sandB that sand isC sand is thatD what if sand20.The phenomena __________ observed by astronomers throughout the world.APart ⅡReading ComprehensionQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.One of the major problems of nuclear energy is the inability of scientists to discover a safe way to dispose of the radioactive wastes which occur throughout the nuclear process. Many of these wastes remain dangerously active for tens thousands of years, while others have a life span closer to a quarter of a million years. V arious methods have been used to date, but all have revealed weaknesses, forcing scientists to continue their search.The nuclear process involves several stages, with the danger of radioactivity constantly present. Fuel for nuclear reactors comes from uranium ore, which, when mined, spontaneously produces radioactive substances as by products. This characteristic of uranium ore went undetected for a long time, resulting in the deaths, due to cancer, of hundreds of uranium miners.The United States attempted to bury much of its radioactive waste material in containers made of steel covered in concrete and capable of holing a million gallons. For a long time it was believed that the radioactive wastes problem had been solved, until some of these tanks leaked, allowing the radioactive wastes to seep into environment. Canada presently stores its nuclear waste in underwater tanks, with the long-term effects largely unknown.However, plans are under consideration for above-ground storage of spent fuel from reactors. These plans include the building of three vast concrete containers, which would be two stories high and approximately the length and width of two football fields. Other suggestions include enclosing the waste in glass blocks and storing them in underground caverns, or placing hot containers in the Antarctic region, where they would melt the ice, thereby sinking down about a mile. This idea has since been abandoned because of the possible adverse effect on the ice sheets.1.It is implied in the passage that the primary difficulty in seeking a safe way todispose of nuclear waste in caused by __________A the nuclear process involving the danger of radioactive at its every stageB fuel for nuclear reactors producing dangerous wastesC the weakness scientists have found in every previous methodsD the nature of nuclear wastes together with their lengthy life span2. According to the passage, uranium ore is very dangerous because_______A it produces radioactive substances after it is dug outB it has caused deaths of many minersC the mining of it produces dangerous by productsD there is a problem in mining techniques3. According to paragraph two, scientists failed to ________A discover the characteristic of nuclear processB discover the nature of uranium oreC save the life of uranium minersD store nuclear wastes in underwater tanks4. Hot containers of nuclear wastes to be put in Antarctic region would _______A remain above ice sheetsB be safe to environmentC be highly probableD remain under sea5. The best title for the passage might be __________A Scientific Approach to Dispose Of Nuclear WastesB Process and It Nuclear Energy and Public SafetyC Uranium Ore and Its CharacteristicD Nuclear WastesQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the university is so detrimental(有害的) to teaching that he recommends that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes. I suggest that the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching. Such a program would not only improve teaching teaching theory and technique, it would make clear what competencies are required of a good teacher and help professors attain them. Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and commitment. Competent education research is no more a part-time activity than competent scientific research. The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities. Rather than be little such research, the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded. Let no one think that educational research is easy; it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind. There is no reason to believe that an effective theory and technology of instruction is any easier to achieve than controlled nuclear fusion. It is certainly every bit as worthy.6. Professor Kline believes that competition with research in the universities________A leads to the establishment of separate research institutesB should not be encouraged unless separate research institute is set upC functions well in the universitiesD is financially unsound7. The author wants to improve__________A research institutesB development programsC educational researchD part-time activity8. The author believes that scientific research__________A is not necessarily more difficult than educational researchB has standards that educational research cannot attainC is trivial compares to educational researchD must be relegated to a part-time activity9. According to the author educational research ___________A is relatively easyB is quite complexC is often trivialD should have lower standards10. Educational research in most universities today___________A receives adequate supportB is no longer a part-time activityC is easy to achieveD needs more commitment Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passageThe characteristics of student-teacher relationships on American campuses vary somewhat, depending on whether the students involved are undergraduate or graduate students, and depending on the size and nature of the school. Graduate students typically have more intense relationships with their professors than undergraduates do; at smaller schools student-teacher relationship are typically even less formal than they are at larger schools.To say that student-teacher relationships are informal is not to say that there are no recognized status differences between the two groups. There are. But students may show their deference only in subtle ways, mainly in the vocabulary and tone of voice they use when speaking to teachers. Much of their behavior around teachers may seem disrespectful. American students will eat in class, read newspapers, and assume quite informal postures. Teachers might not enjoy such behavior, but they tolerate. Students , after all, are individuals who are entailed to decide for themselves how they are going to act. American teachers generally expect students to ask them questions or even challenge what they say. Teachers do not generally assume they know all there is to know about a subject. Nor do they that they invariably explain things clearly. Students who want clarification or additional information are expected to ask for it during the class, just after class ends, or in the teacher’s office at the times the teacher has announced as “office hours.”Students who do not ask questions may be considered uninterested.While most teachers welcome students’questions and comments about the material being covered in the course, they do not welcome student efforts to negotiate for high grades. Teachers normally believe they have an acceptable system for determining grades, and, unless it seems possible that a mistake has been made, teachers respond very negatively to students who try to talk them into raising a grade.11. Why do teachers normally not welcome students to negotiate for higher grades?A Because teachers don’t like to admit that they have made mistakes in marking.B Because teachers normally believe they have an acceptable system for determining gradesC Because they are afraid of students’ protest against themD Because they hate students12. The student-teacher relationships are informal in the U S in the following ways except________A American students eat in classB American students read newspapers in classC American students assume quite informal postures in classD American students don’t show respect to teachers13. Students who ask questions are considered ___________A uninterestedB troubledC interestedD intelligent14. What do you think of the main idea of the passage?A The student-teacher relationship in U.S.B American students’ manners in schoolC Characteristics of American university teachersD American education system15. Which is right according to the passage?A The student-teacher relationship is quite informal across the countryB American teachers generally like students to challenge themC Graduate students seem quite disrespectful to their teachersD It is not easy for students to find their teacher.PartⅢTranslation(只翻译划线部分)The idea of evolution was known to some of the Greek philosophers. By the time of Aristotle, speculation had suggested that more perfect types had not only followed less perfect ones but actually had developed from them. But all this was guessing: no real evidence was forthcoming. When, in modern times, the idea of evolution was revived, it appeared in the writings of the philosophers----Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz and Kant.36) Spencer was preaching a full evolutionary doctrine in the years just before Darwin’s book was published, while most naturalists would have none of it. Nevertheless a few biologists ran counter to the prevailing view, and pointed to such facts as the essential unity of structure in all warm-blooded animals.The first complete theory was that of Limerick, who thought that modifications due to environment, if constant and lasting, would be inherited and produce a new type.37) Though no evidence for such inheritance was available ,the theory gave a plausible hypothesis for naturalists to use. Many of the social and philanthropic efforts of the nineteenth century were framed on the tacit assumption that acquired improvements would be inherited.But the man whose book gave both Darwin and Wallace the clue was the Reverend Robert Malthus, sometime curate of Albury in Surrey.38) The English people were increasing rapidly, and Malthus argued that human race tends to outrun its means of subsistence unless the redundant individuals are eliminated. This may not always be true, but Darwin writes:In October 1838, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on, from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants. 39) It at once struck me that, under these circumstances, favorable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavorable ones to be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species. Here then I had a theory by which to work.40) The hypothesis of natural selection may not be a complete explanation, but it led to a greater thing than itself-----an acceptance of the theory of organic evolution, which the years have confirmed. Y et at first some naturalists joined the opposition. To the many, who were unable to judge the biological evidence, the effect of the theory of evolution seemed incredible as well as devastating, to run counter to common sense and to overwhelm all philosophic and religious landmarks. Even educated man, choosing between the Book of Genesis and the Origin of Species, proclaimed with Disraeli that he was “on the side of Angels”。

2007年对外经贸大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Cloze 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingClozeDuring the past ten or fifteen years a great deal of attention has been【C1】______to”telling it like it is, “ or “ letting it all hang out” My impression is that this overzealous devotion to speaking one’s mind has more often led to hurt feelings and ruined relationships than to great joy and fulfillment I think we generally agree that never expressing real feelings and repressing all less-than-lovely thoughts about each other【C2】______leads to constructive communication. It’s a great relief to allow ourselves the luxury of acknowledging our human frailties and pursuing more honest relationships with others. But we need to strike a【C3】______between telling it all and telling nothing. Recently I received a letter from a mother who had been persuaded by her troubled twenty-five-year, old son to attend a weekend marathon with him. Under pressure from the group, her defenses collapsed and she heard herself telling her son for the first time that he had been an accident, that she hadn’t been planning to have a child. He in【C4】______told her that he couldn’t recall a single day in his childhood that he’d been happy. “At that time, “this woman wrote, “it seemed helpful. We cried and we made【C5】______;I thought telling the truth had been good for us. But the trouble is.it Wash’t the whole truth. By the time Tommy was born I did want him, and at【C6】______he was happy. Ever since that day, we’ve both been haunted by some terrible feelings we shared. “ I must admit that I’ve come to the conclusion that some things are better left unsaid. Honesty is a fine policy as【C7】______as we know what the truth really is , but most of the time we don’t It’s a fine goal to encourage children to express their real feelings. And many marriages have been saved by an open confrontation of deep and painful misunderstandings. But we need a new sense of balance. Disclosure is not a panacea for every problem【C8】______even an end in itself. It’s useful and freeing under some circumstances and terribly hurtful and damaging under others. It’s a good idea, I think, to【C9】______your tongue for ten or fifteen minutes before saying what’s 【C10】______your mind. Try to decide whether it’s going to open up new and better avenues of communication or leave wounds that may never heal.1．【C1】正确答案：paid解析：此句话的意思是：在过去的5或十年里，大量的注意力都放在了“描述本真”上。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was20 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives [B] inhabitants [C] peoples [D] individuals2. [A] confusedly [B] cheerfully [C] worriedly [D] hopefully3. [A] shared [B] forgot [C] attained [D] rejected4. [A] related [B] close [C] open [D] devoted5. [A] access [B] succession [C] right [D] return6. [A] Presumably [B] Incidentally [C] Obviously [D] Generally7. [A] unique [B] common [C] particular [D] typical8. [A] freedom [B] origin [C] impact [D] reform9. [A] therefore [B] however [C] indeed [D] moreover10. [A] with [B] about [C] among [D] by11. [A] allowed [B] preached [C] granted [D] funded12. [A] Since [B] If [C] Unless [D] While13. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] against14. [A] spread [B] interference [C] exclusion [D] influence15. [A] support [B] cry [C] plea [D] wish16. [A] urged [B] intended [C] expected [D] promised17. [A] controlling [B] former [C] remaining [D] original18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher19. [A] created [B] produced [C] contributed [D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership –that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback –a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – havejumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year – from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.”Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”41You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.43Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.44Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalisticjudgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年考研英语试题答案解析SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.[答案][B][分析]词义辨析题，A.natives本地人；B.inhabitant居民；C.peoples民族；D.individuals个体。

Simulated FATMD TestPAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections1. A. To do some experiments. B. To attend a class.C. To review his lessons.D. To take a test.2. A. In a hotel. B. In the hospital.C. In the prison.D. At the airport.3. A. He got an ulcer in his stomach.B. He got hurt in the soccer game.C. He will be discharged soon.D. He got his tumor removed.4. A. She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy.B. She left because she had a headache.C. She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D. She slept off her headache.5. A. His new car is not fast enough.B. His new car moves very fast.C. His new car is a real bargain.D. His new car is somewhat of a financial burden.6. A. Get more time to relax.B. Take some tranquilizers.C. Seek a second opinion.D. Avoid her responsibilities.7. A. He got a headache while establishing the institute.B. He ha a hard time getting the institute stated.C. Everything was OK at the beginning.D. It is impossible to open such an institute in Seoul.8. A. Excited. B. Frustrated. C. Annoyed. D. Relieved.9. A. Each class lasts an hour.B. The class is meeting in an hour and a half.C. The class meets fours and a half per week.D. The class meets for half an hour three times a week.10. A. The woman was a good skier.B. The woman chouldn’t ski.C. The woman didn’t intend to go skiing.D. Twoman didn’t like Swiss.11. A. She’s an insurance agent.B. She’s an insurance client.C. She’s a bank clerk.D. She’s a driver.12. A. He tripped over some crutcher.B. He had rheumatism in his legs.C. He sprained his foot.D. He broke his leg.13. A.The vacation is almost gone.B. The vacation has just started.C. They are prepared for the new semester.D. They can’t wait for the new semester.14. A. She was knocked down by a feather.B. She is shamed of Larry.C. She was really surprised.D. She was proud of Larry.15. A. To visit his son. B. To perform an operation.C. To have an operation.D. To send his son for an operation.Section BPassage One16. A. A pharmacist. B. A visitorC. A physicianD. A dieter.17. A. Cough. B. Diarrhea.C. Headache.D. Stomach upset.18. A. Pain-killers. B. Cough syrup.C. Anti-diarrheas.D. Indigestion tablets.19. A. The cold weather.B. Tirdness caused by traveling.C. The strange food the had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.20. A. Take the medicine from the woman.B. Go to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days.Passage Two21. A. Headaches B. Insomnia.C. Respiratory problems.D. Digestive problems.22. A. On Monday in Edinburgh.B. On Wednesday in Edinburgh.C. On Monday at Staffordshire University.D. On Wednesday at Staffordshire University.23. A. 94. B. 41 C. 130 D. 13524. A. The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B. The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C. The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D. The subjects were asked if they had written downanything traumatic.25. A. The diarists who write of their free will.B. The diarists who were students at StaffordshireUniversity.C. The diarists who had written about trauma.D. The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches. Passage Three26. A. A brief history of British pubs.B. Beer-the-British national drink.C. Various attempts made to curb drinking in a Britain.D. The frustrating opening and closing hours of Britishpubs.27. A. As early as 659AD.B. After 659AD.C. Before the Roman invasion .D. After the Roman invasion.28. A. To restrict drinking hours.B. To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C. To encourage the locals to drink in other towns.D. To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29. A. People were better off.B. The government failed to persuade people from drinking.C. There apperared a new cheap drink.D. Drinkers had found various ways to get around the laws.30. A. The licensing hours have been extended.B. Old people are not allowed to drink in pubs.C. Children are not allowed yet to drink in pubs.D. Big changes have taken place in pubs.Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section A31. The doctor gave him an injection in order to ________the pain.A. alleviateB. aggregateC. abolishD. allocate32. His broken arm healed well, but sh died of the pneumoniawhich followed as a _______.A. complementB. complimentC. fell uponD. complication33.Unfortunately,our vacation plans _________on account oftransport strike.A. fell backB. fell throughC. fell uponD. fell to34. The _______ climate of Hawaii attracts visitors from allover the world every year.A. genialB. frigidC. genuineD. foul35. This is the _______ in which the organism lives mosteffecitively.A. optimumB. optionC. ordealD. orbit36. The doctor suggests that a good holiday in the countryshould _______ him _____ nicely after his operation.A. set….outB. set….upC. set….offD. set…aside37. His behavior was so ______ that ever the merciful peoplecould not forgive him.A. uniqueB. unconventionalC. brutalD. brilliant38. ________ to your present job until you can get a betterone.A. Hang aboutB. Hang backC. Hang behindD. Hang on39. Suffering from his leg illness, Tom is very _______nowadays.A. emaciatedB. eligibleC. elasticD. exceptional40. He saved some money for artistic ______ such as finepaintings.A. donationsB. profitsC. luxuriesD. lures.Section BDirections:(略)41. It has been proved that the chemical is lethal to rats butsafe for cattle.A. fatalB. reactiveC. uniqueD. vital42. To their surprise, she has been nominated as candidate forthe Presidency.A. recognizedB. definedC. appointedD.promoted43. We cannot look down our opponent, who is an experiencedswimmer.A. playerB. competitorC. refereeD. partner44. She is regarded as a good nurse in that she attends topatients without any complaint.A. sees throughB. looks overC. takes inD. cares for45. It is well known that the minimum penalty for this crimeis 2years’ imprisonment.A. convictionB. spanC. mercyD. punishment46. The whole area of the national and local governments triedto wipe out rats to prevent the spread of disease.A. exterminateB. dominateC. determinateD.contaminate47. All the students are afraid of him since he is always severewith them.A. vigorousB. rigorousC. vigilantD. rigid48. The biggest engineering project that they undertook wasencumbered by lack of funds.A. cancelledB. condensedC. hamperedD. haunted49. In order to be a successful diplomat you must beenthusiastic and magnetic.A. arrogantB. industriousC. zealousD.attractive50. He is successful as a doctor because of his dynamicpersonality, he seems to have unlimited energy.A. meticulousB. vigorousC. aggressiveD.arbitraryDirections:略Many Canadians enjoy the luxury of a large amount of living space. Canada is vast, and the nomes are large according to the standards of many countries. Even 51 inner cities fo not reach the extremes found in other parts of world.Canadians appreciate the space and value their privacy.Since families are generally small, many Canadian children enjoy the luxury of their own bedroom. Having more than one bathroom in a house is also considered a modern 52 .Many rooms in Canadian homes have specialized functions.“Family room”are popular features in modern houses;these are53 , “living room” since many living room have becomereserved for entertaining. Some homes have formal and informal dining areas, 54 .Recreational homes are also popular 55 Canadians.Some Canadians own summer homes,cottages,or camps. These may 56 from a small one-room cabin to a luxurious building that rivals the comforts of the regular residence.Some cottages are winterized for year-round use. Cottages offer people the chance to “get away from it all.” They are so popular that summer weekend traffic jams are common, especially in large cities such as Toronto, where the number of people leaving town of Friday night and returning Sunday night 57 the highways for hours.Sometimes, living in ,Canada means not only having privacy, but also being isolated. Mobility has become a part of modern life; people often do not live in one place longenough to 58 to know their neighbors. Tenants live their own lives in their apartments or townhouses. Even in private residential areas, where there is some 59 , neighborhood life is not as close-knit as it once was. There seems to be 60 of a communal spirit. Life today is so hectic that there is often little time.。