全国 2 0 0 1 年 1 0 月高等教育自学考试
语言与文化试题
课程代码：00838
I .Each of the followi ng in complete stateme nts is followed by four alter natives. Read
each stateme nt and the four alter natives carefully and decide which
alter natives best completes the stateme nt.(20%)
1. La nguage is ______ .( )
A. the product of the huma n bra in
B.rule gover ned
C.i ndepe ndent of culture
D.the result of social in stituti ons
2. Culture is a loa n word from .
A. Fre nch
https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf5052234.html,tin
C.Roman
D.Norwegia n
3.ln South Africa, Australia and New Zeala nd the first week day after Christmas is _______ .( )
A. Boxi ng Day
B.Tha nksgiv ing Day
C.Easter
D.St.Vale ntin e's Day
4.A bun or bread roll containing fried or grilled steak is called _____________.( )
A.hamburger
B.sa ndwich
C.hot dog
D.puddi ng
5.ln the followi ng words, ______ contains a derivati onal morpheme.
A. ni cer
B.maps
C.precede
D.worked
6.ln the followi ng statements, ______ is n ot true.( )
A. “ English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese is a language with implicit grammar. ”
B. “ Compared with Chinese, English has more grammatical morphemes that are used more frequently in either
speech or writing. ”
C. “ Chinese has no grammatical morphemes. ”
D. “ Grammatical explicitness and consistency are required in English. ”
7.We can ofte n find pers onal n ames in En glish that are related to _______.( )
A.historical eve nts
B.n atural phe nomena
C.influential figures
D.the place of birth
8.Abraham is a .( )
A.religious n ame C.weap on n ame
B.flower n ame
D.n ame of authority
9.The Chin ese pers on al letters gen erally sou nd more ____ in tone tha n their corresp onding En glish ones.
A.formal
B.i nformal
C.or nate
D.plain
10. “ To have the tendency to stretch the truth ” can be used as the euphemism for “__________ ” .( )
A.to provide true information
B.to tell others ' f ortune
C.to lie
D.to steal
11. The expression that can be used as the euphemism for a garbage collector ” is “ ___________ ” .
A.collecti ng engin eer
B.garbage engin eer
C.sa nitary engin eer
D.sa nitati on engin eer.
12. 寒舍is equivale nt to ______ in En glish.
A.my home
B.my humble home
C.my cold house
D.my shabby hut
13. The Chinese expression "给我一座金山，我也不干”corresponds to the English idiom _______ .( )
of the four
A.to keep on e's nose clea n
C.not to bat an eyelid B. not for all the tea in Chi na
D.to make on e's flesh
14. “ Not to mince one's words ” means
___ are n amed after their desig ners or man ufacturers. A.Ford
B.Cha nel
C.Salem
27. Wester ners often draw a cross by touch ing the forehead,breast and shoulders to in voke the bless ing of Christ,whe n
they are ________ .( )
A.angry
B.shocked
28. La nguage is _____ .(
)
A.an in strume nt used in the commu ni cati on of thought.
B. the fun cti on of the huma n brain.
C. non verbal from the very beg inning
D. closely related to thi nki ng.
29.In the following cultural interpretations for the differences in word order between English and Chinese, _______ is
A.speak fran kly,blu ntly or coarsely
B.speak in directly
C.speak thoughtfully
D.speak min
dlessly
15.The expression “ that you ng man is a bear at mathematics ” A.that you ng man is bad at mathematics C.that you ng man is clumsy at mathematics 16.ln English culture “ white ” connotes has a similar meaning to .
B.that you ng man is good at mathematics
D.that you ng man is a mathematician
.(
B.cruelty 17.British English is spoken in ___
A.Great Britain
B.Australia
.( ) C.reactio n
D.i nnocence
.(
)
C.New Zeala
nd
18. Rubb ing on e's thumb aga in st on e's forefi nger and middle fin ger means
A.mo ney
B.dirt
C.OK
19. ______________________________________________________ Ge
stures that can fully take the place of spoke n words are ____________
A.illustrators
B.emblems
C.regulators
.(
2O.Ge nerally _____ commu ni cati on.( D.A,B,and C.
_____ in English body Ianguage system.
D.victory
) D.adapters
in the lear ning of foreig n non verbal A.tra nsfer
B.reassociati on
C.c on flict
D.rei nterpretati on
n .EAch of the followi ng in complete stateme nts is followed by four alter natives.Read each stateme nt
and
the four
alter natives carefully and decide which of the four alter natives can complete the stateme nt. There might be more
tha n one correct an swer.(10%)
21.ln En glish culture “ blue ” is ofte n associated with _______ .(
A.un happy feeli ngs
B.high social positi on
C.jealousy and envy
D.l ack ing experie nee
22. The idiomatic expression “ to put one's foot in one's mouth ” means
A. t o say somethi ng embarrass ing
B. to just make it
C. to have an angry attitude
D. to say someth ing wrong or un suitable 23. _______ is an outright offen sive racist world.
.(
B.Boy
C.Nigger
D.Negro
24.At first we thought we would go for a holiday. _______ we lear ned we were n eeded at home.
A.U nfortu nately
B.And the n
C.Un expectedly
D.Subseque ntly
25.ln British English,to gain the attention of a stranger, speakers often rely on
A.Girl
”.(
A.Excuse me
B.Hello
C.Miss/Ma'am/Mister/sir
D.I beg your pard on 26.
D.Rolex
C.sad
D.amused
reasonable.
A.English people are inclined to think inductively, while Chinese people tend to think deductively.
B.English people are inclined to think deductively, while Chinese people tend to think inductively.
C. English people are direct and Chinese people are indirect.
D. English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language.
30.One can get _______ in a drugstore or chemist's shop.
A.medicines
B.chemicals
C.toiletries
D.magazines.
皿.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)
31. Language is the carrier and _________ of culture.
32. Many English words are distinguished by their __________ mea n i n gs,w h i ch are normally attached to conceptual
meanings.
33.In English all the prefixes are __________ mo rp h eme s .
34.Given names used as vocatives suggest __________ between the addresser and the addressee.
35.In __________ argumentation the supporting facts or details are located before the conclusion.
36. “Son of a bitch ”, as a swear word, is more __________ than “damn it”.
37. When describing a place English speakers prefer _________ language representing fresh ideas.
38. The English proverbial expression _________ corresponds to “明珠暗投” in Chinese.
39. When I finally secured a small part in a television play my mother was as proud as a ___ and told all the
neighbours about it.
40.Similes and metaphors must have two components: __________ and __________ .
41. _________ in English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person, especially a
woman.
42. Nonverbal communication is often used with _________ behaviours to convey meaning.
IV.Answer the following questions briefly : (12%)
43. What is the American equivalent for the British word “ maize”?
44. What does the gesture “ touching or pointing to one's own nose by raised thumb ”signify in western culture?
45. What does “ a shylock" allude to ?
46. How would you explain in relation to culture the metaphorical statement “his skin was white as leprosy ”?
47. Why has it been claimed that English texts develop in a linear fashion?
48. How will you explain the contrast of explicit grammar in English and implicit grammar in Chinese?
V.Translation:(16%)
49. Do you see anything green in my eye?
50.I can't thank you enough.
——Don't mention it.
51. The young man sitting between Mary and John is the editor-in-chief of our campus newspaper.
52. The calmest husbands make the stormiest wives.
53. Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.
54. 敬请光临
55. 作了婆婆忘了作媳妇时的苦。(into an English proverb)
56. 他的钱全被抢光了。
W .Define the following terms:(10%)
57. vocatives
58. metaphor
59. EST
60. technical time
61. egalitaria nism
VD .Discuss the following topics:(20%)
62. What similarities and differences can you find between “ red ” and "红” ？
63. The system of meaning represented by the words in a language is culture specific. How do you interpret this stateme
nt?
全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试
语言与文化试题参考答案
课程代码：00838
I .Each of the followi ng in complete stateme nts is followed by four alter natives.
1.B
2.B
3.A
4.A
5.C
6.C
7.C
8.C
9.A 10.C
11.D 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B
16.D 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.C
n .Each of the followi ng in complete stateme nts is followed by four alternatives.。。％)
21.AB 22.AD 23.BCD 24.BD 25.AD
26.AB 27.BC 28.AD 29.AC 30.ACI
皿.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)
31. c ontainer 32.associative 33.Derivati onal
32. familiarity 35.i nductive 36.offe nsive
37.pla in 38.cast your pearls before swine 39.peacock
40. the tenor, the vehicle 41.Drago n 42.Verbal
IV .Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)
43.The America n equivale nt for the British word “ maize ” is “ corn
44.lt's me or I'm the one.
45.lt alludes to a cruel, greedy, mon ey-grabb ing pers on who will go to no ends to gain wealth.
46. Leprosy is a skin disease that may cause discolored patches. It was at least once com mon in En gla nd. However
lepers are seldom see n in Chi na.
47. Because English texts normally focus on the central theme and a sentence is often derived directly form the
previous senten ces both in from and in meaning.
48.lt is highly probably that En glish speakers prefer to in dicate explicitly the logical relati on ships betwee n words,
phrases or clause, whereas the Chin ese people, whe n logical relati on ships can be in ferred from the con text or have bee n known, allow them to be expressed implicitly.
V.Translation:(16%)
49. 你以为我可欺吗？
50. 非常感谢。
――不客气。
51. 坐在玛丽和约翰之间的年轻人是我们校报主编。
52. 丈夫懦弱妻子凶。
53. 那些岀身高贵的人注定广受瞩目。
54. Request the honour of your prese nee.
55. The mother- in-law remembers not that she was a daughter- in-law.
56. He was robbed of all his mon ey.
V.Define the following terms:(10%)
57. Vocatives are used to address others to draw their atte nti on.
58. A metaphor is an implied comparis on betwee n two or more like thi ngs.
59. EST,the aero nyms of En glish for Scie nee and Tech no logy, is used to discuss topics about scie ncs and tech no
logy.
60. Tech ni cal time refers to precise, scie ntific measureme nts of time cou nted in ordered, logical seque nces.
61. Egalitaria nism refers to the view that all men have equal social and political rights.
VD .Discuss the following topics:(20%)
62. " Red" and "红” are both associated with celebration and joyful occasions. They may be both associated with
an ger and embarrassme nt. And they are both associated with revoluti on and commu nism as well. “ The red light district ” and “ red tape” are foreign to the Chinese people and 牛羊肉becomes “ red meat” in English.
“See red" , “ wave a red flag ” , and “ red rag" may be derived from bullfighting which is foreign to the Chin ese people.
63. The system of meaning shaped in a particular cultural con text is culture specific. That means each lan guage
represents a system of meaning that is different from any other such systems. We know that each culture develops in a particular geographical and historical framework and is a unique way of life favored by a particular population.
Culture shapes the system of meaning represented by language, especially, words. Moreover, each lan guage
represe nts a system of meaning in ways particular to its own, For in sta nee, differe nt lan guage may represe nt the color system differe ntly, break ing the colour spectrum at differe nt poin ts. As a whole, each lan guage represe nts a uni que system of mea ning in uni que ways.