汽 车 工 程Automotive Engineering 2020年(第42卷)第12期2020(Vol.42)No.12doi :10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.12.018新能源电动汽车低温热泵型空调系统研究**天津市科技支撑重点项目(20YFZCGX00580)、江苏省常州市科技项目(CQ20200020)和中国汽车技术研究中心培育项目(19201209)资助。
原稿收到日期为2020年5月21日,修改稿收到日期为2020年6月29日。
通信作者:汪琳琳,高级工程师,博士,E-mail :wanglinlin@ 。
汪琳琳1,2,焦鹏飞2,王 伟2,伊虎城2,牟连嵩2,刘双喜2,许 翔3(1.天津大学机械工程学院,天津 300072; 2.中汽研(天津)汽车工程研究院有限公司,天津 300300;3.中汽研(常州)汽车工程研究院有限公司,常州213164)[摘要]为提高电动汽车的能源经济性,减少低温制热性能衰减问题,提岀并分析对比了 3种用于低温环境的热泵空调系统解决方案:(1)余热回收利用:回收利用电池、电机和电控系统的余热,提高热泵空调系统性能的同时,优化整车的能量消耗。
(2)蒸汽喷射热泵空调系统:对R1234yf 制冷剂的蒸汽喷射热泵空调系统进行了试验研 究。
结果表明,开蒸汽喷射比不开蒸汽喷射时的热泵系统的制热COP 约高10%〜30%,环境温度越低,制热COP 改善越明显。
(3)CO 2制冷剂热泵空调系统:研究显示由于CO 2制冷剂的特性,热泵系统可在环境温度-20 t 稳定有 效地采暖。
得岀的结论是,目前利用蒸汽喷射热泵空调系统是解决新能源电动汽车低温采暖的有效手段,而在未 来,使用自然制冷剂CO 2是必然趋势。
关键词:电动汽车;低温热泵;R1234yf ;余热回收;蒸汽喷射;CO 2Research on Low Temperature Heat Pump Air Conditioning System inNew Energy Electric VehicleWang Linlin 1,2, Jiao Pengfei 2, Wang Wei 2, Yi Hucheng 2, Mu Liansong 2, Liu Shuangxi 2 & Xu Xiang 31. School of Mechanical Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 ;2. CATARC ( Tianjin) Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Tianjin 300300;3. CATARC ( Changzhou ) Automotive Engineering Rerearch Institute Co. , Ltd. , Changzhou 213164[ Abstract ] In order to enhance the energy economy of electric vehicles and reduce the degradation of low-temperature heating performance , three solutions of heat pump air conditioning system in low temperature environ ment are proposed and comparatively analyzed : (1) waste heat recovery and utilization : the waste heat of battery , motor and electric control system is recovered and utilized , optimizing the energy consumption of vehicle while im proving the performance of heat pump air conditioning system ; ( 2) vapor-injection heat pump air conditioning sys tem : experimental study is conducted on heat pump air conditioning system using R1234yf refrigerant , and the re sults show that the heat generating COP with vapor injection is about 10% 〜30% higher than that without vapor in jection. The lower the ambient temperature , the more obvious the improvement of COP ;( 3) heat pump air condi tioning system with CO 2 refrigerant : researches indicate that due to the characteristics of CO 2 refrigerant , heat pumpsystem can provide stable and effective heating at an ambient temperature of - 20 兀.So a conclusion is drawn thatat present , vapor injection heat pump air conditioning system is an effective mean for the low temperature heating in electric vehicles , while in the future , the use of natural refrigerant CO 2 will be the inevitable trend.Keywords : electric vehicle ; low temperature heat pump ; R1234yf ; waste heat recovery ; vapor injec-tion ; CO 22020(Vol.42)No.12汪琳琳,等:新能源电动汽车低温热泵型空调系统研究-1745-前言随着大气污染日益加重和电动化技术快速发展,新能源汽车取代传统燃油汽车已是大势所趋。