第6章动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present
participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类
与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。
A.动词-ing形式的一般式
1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时
间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。
2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。
She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。
3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。
I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。．
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.
他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。
B. 动词-ing形式的完成式
动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.
在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。
I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.
错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。
注意：
在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。
I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture.
错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having
missed such an exciting
lecture.)
We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We
remembered having seen
the film. )
C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式
动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。
1．一般式的被动形式
正在讨论的问The question being discussed is very important.
题很重要。
I can't stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久候。
2．完成式的被动形式
I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.
我听说他被选为球队的教练。
Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school
library.在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。
D. 动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词的-ing形式的否定形式是由not 加动词的-ing形式构成。
His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.
他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。
I'm sorry for not being present at the meeting in time. 我很抱歉没能按时赴会。
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home
and wait.
不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。素胚勾勒出青花笔锋浓转淡，瓶身描绘的牡丹一如你初妆。冉冉檀香透过窗心事我了然，宣上走笔至此搁一半，便作为我遇见你伏笔...
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二、动词的-ing形式的用法
A．动词的-ing形式作主语
1．动词的-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。
Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
Learning about a language is easier than using it. 学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易。
Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family.
被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。
2．为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。
It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them.
制定计划很容易，实行它却很难。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。
It's a waste of time arguing about it. 争论这事是浪费时间。
必背：动词的-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。
It's no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。
It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come. 给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。
